• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2021

Studies on the side effects of contrast agents are being discussed based on various cases, but studies analyzing the chemical structure of the underlying contrast agents are difficult to understand as the manufacturers have not disclosed them. Therefore, in this study, the chemical structure of the contrast medium was analyzed using ¹H-NMR spectrometer for Omnipaque contrast medium prepared from Iohexol, which is a nonionic iodide contrast medium, Xenetix contrast medium from Iobitridol, and Iomeron contrast medium from Iomeprol. As a result, it was found that the Omnipaque contrast medium of Iohexol had 6 carboxyl groups, 3 carbonyl groups, 4 amine groups, 1 methyl group, and 2 cyano groups. It was found that the Xenetix contrast medium of the iobitridol formulation had 6 carboxyl groups, 3 carbonyl groups, 2 amine groups, and 4 cyano groups. It was found that the Iomeron contrast agent of the Iomeprol formulation had 5 carboxyl groups, 3 carbonyl groups, 4 amine groups, 1 methyl group, and 2 cyano groups. As shown in this study, the chemical structure of the non-ionic monomer contrast agent increases its affinity with water by binding a number of hydroxyl groups (OH) to the carboxyl group. It is necessary to accurately identify each of these factors and analyze the physical and chemical changes of the contrast medium according to various environmental factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2002

The effects of the Rhynchosia nulubilis extracts on serum lipid concentrations were evaluated in rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were divided into six groups and fed high fat and high cholesterol diets for four weeks. Experimental groups were administered with following diets; basal fat diet(control) and basal and high fat diets with 1% cholesterol and Rhynchosia nulubilis extract(40mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 4000mg/kg). The concentrations of serum triglyceride in rats fed the Rhynchosis mulubilis extract, high fat, 1% cholesterol, and RN-HFC(-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were lower than those in other groups. The concentrations of total cholesterol in the RN-HFC (-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were lower than those in fat diet groups. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol in serum of the RN-HFC(-40, -400, 4000mg/kg) groups were significantly higer than those of other groups. The levels of LDL-cholesterol in serum of the RN-HFC(-40, -400, -4000mg/kg) groups were tended to be lower than those of other groups. These results suggest that Rhynchosia nulubilis extract may reduce elevated levels of serum lipid concentrations in rats fed high fat diets.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-105
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• 1994

As an exploratory attempt, this study examined the correlates of different strategic groups in the Korean health food industry. Many prior studies believe that different entry mode such as entry timing and patterns, and different cognitive structure of top managers lead to the formation of different strategic groups in the same industry. Different strategic groups with different sources or mobility barriers are also expected to produce different level of economic performance. Multivariate statistical analyses of data from 32 firms in the Korean health food industry revealed the following results. i) There are four different strategic groups with different levels of mobility barriers in terms of firm size, scope of product/market domain, degree of forward and backward integration. ii) Differences in both entry timing and environmental perception of top managers are associated with different stratetic groups. However, the patterns of entry are not significantly different among four strategic groups. iii) Four strategic groups exhibit different level of economic performance in terms of sales growth rate and return on investment. Finally, this study tried to identify commonalities and differences among various strategic groups found in several industries in Korea. The results offered some implications to search for developing a useful theory of strategic groups in Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.410-420
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• 1988

This study were performed to investigate effect of dietary cadmium(Cd) and protein levels on growth, body protein metabolism and Cd toxicity in growing rats. Forty eight male rats of Sprague-Dawley weighing 113$\pm$2g were blocked into 6 groups accoridng to body weight. Dietary protein were given at the levels of 7, 15 and 40% of diet and Cd (200ppm)were either added or not. The result obtained were summerized as follow; 1) Food intake, weight gain, FER PER, liver and kidney weight, weight and length of bones, hematocrit, and hemoglobin content in Cd-added groups were low than those in Cd-free groups. 2) Serum total protein showed no significant difference with Cd addition, but it was significantly lower in low protein diet groups. Liver protein in Cd-added groups was lower than Cd-free groups, and was tend to be increased with increasing dietary protein level. 3) Daily urinary and fecal nitrogen excretions in Cd-added groups were lower than Cd-free groups, and were increased with increasing dietary protein level. 4) Cadmium contents in blood, liver, kidney, and femur were tend to be decreased with increasing dietary protein level. Especially, Cd content in kidney of Cd-added groups was significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein level. 5) Daily urinary and fecal Cd excretions were tend to be increased with increasing dietary protein level, and Cd-added-high protein diet group showed the highest Cd excretion among the Cd-added groups, Cd absorption ration and Cd retention ratio were tend to be decreased with increasing dietary protein level.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.47-59
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• 1991

This study wa performed to investigate the effects of dietary protein and fiber on the lead and protein metabolism in lead poisoning rats. Seventy male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 172$\pm$2g were blocked into 14 gropus according to body weight. Protein(casein) was given at levels of 15 or 40%, and fibers(pectin, cellulose and CMC) were given at levels of 0, 4 or 10%. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Food intake, weight gain and food efficiency ratio(FER) in groups fed high protein diets were higher than those in low protein groups. Liver weight in groups fed no dietary fiber was higher than that of animals fed fiber. Kidney and femur weights were greater in high protein groups. Tibia and femur lengths, and tibia weight were not significantly different among groups. 2. Hemoglobin content and hematocrit values showed no significant differance with dietary factors. 3. Total protein contents of serum and liver showed no significant difference, but tended to increase with increasing dietary protein level. Both daily urinary and fecal nitrogen excretions in high protein groups were higher than those in low protein groups. Especially daily fecal nitrogen excretions in high dietary fiber groups were significantly high. Body nitrogen absorption rate was the highest in animals fed no fiber. 4. Pb levels in blood, liver, kidney and bone tended to decrease with high dietary protein and fiber levels. Especially Pb level of kidney was high in all groups. Daily urinary Pb excretion showed no significant difference with dietary factors, but fecal Pb excretion increased significantly in high protein and fiber groups.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2004

Objective : This study is effects of Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ and Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture on serum glucose and lipid composition were investigated in high fat diet induced diabetic rat. Results : Plasma glucose, free fatty acids and $\beta-lipoprotein$ concentration showed a high reduction in acupuncture groups compared to those of control group and in the acupuncture groups, Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ acupuncture groups showed a low values than Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture group. Plasma triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentration showed a tendency to decrease in the acupuncture groups, however these values showed no significantly different among acupuncture groups. Total cholesterol concentration showed a high reduction in acupuncture groups and in acupuncture groups, Jungwan$(CV_{12})$ acupuncture groups showed a lower values than Bisu$(BL_{20})$ acupuncture group. HDL-cholesterol concentration showed a higher values in all acupuncture groups than control group, however these values no significantly different in all acupuncture groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 1999

This study examined the effect of dietary lipids and ovariectomy(OVX) on bone mass in rats. The experimental animals were divided into sham operation(S) or OVX(O) groups and then each group was divided into soybean oil(SS, OS), beef tallow(SB, OB), and fish oil(SF, OF) diet group. Experimental diets were fed for 16 weeks. Weight gain tended to be higher in OVX groups than in sham groups. Weigth gain was the highest in beef tallow group (SB) and the lowest in fish oil group(SF). There were no difference in weight, length, breaking force, strength and circumference of femur mong groups. However, volume of femur tended to be higher in OVX groups than in sham groups. Ash content of femur was significantly lower in OVX than sham groups but there were no difference between SB and OB group. Ca content in the soybean oil and beef tallow group were not influenced by OVX but Ca content in fish oil group was significantly higher in OF than SF group. The SB group showed the hyighest Ca content and the SF group showed the lowest Ca content. P content of femur was significantly lower in OVX groups than in sham groups but there were no difference between SB and OB group. The SS group showed the highest P content and the OS and OF group showed lower P content compare to other groups. From this result, it suggested that beef tallow positively influenced maintenance of bone mass by means of accumulation of body fat in ovariectomy.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 1993

This study examines the high school girls in Inchon area dividing them into three groups according to their weight, the low-weight group, the normal weight group and the overweight group to find out their food habit and food preference. The result reveals that more students from the low-weight group have breakfast regularly than those from the other two groups, and more students from the low-weight and normal weight groups always have lunch. However, none of the students from those three groups skip their suppers. This study also shows that there are more students from the overweight group having snacks, and more students from the low-weight have the unbalanced diet problem than those from the other two groups. Next, this study examines their attitude toward breakfast. It seems that all the students from three different groups similarly regard breakfast as a very important meal. Additionally in deciding what to eat, the taste of food is considered as the most important factor for them all. In their preference of food taste, there seems to be a slight difference. The students from the low-weight and normal weight groups prefer hot food to sweet food, but those from the overweight group prefer sweet food to hot food. Also in food preference the difference among the groups is that the students from the low-weight and normal groups prefer favorite food and snacks. While those from the overweight groups prefer cereals and noodles.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidative activities and tissue cell of mouse liver added caffeine. The body weight of all experimental groups increased during experimental periods, but the body weight of caffeine-containing groups were lower than those of any other experimental groups. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities tended to decrease significantly with caffeine-containing groups, but increased in control and ginseng-containing groups. Hydroperoxide contents were increase significantly with caffeine-containing groups. Lipid peroxidation levels decreased in ginseng-containing groups, but it increased significantly with caffeine-containing group. Protein contents were a tendency of similar between control and ginseng-containing groups, but it showed a increasing tendency in caffeine-containing groups. Microscopic observation of mouse liver cell were similar tissue in ginseng and caffeine-containing groups, but it showed somewhat more injuring only at the liver cell of anhydrous caffeine group, and became the suspicion in liver diseases. This results show that antioxidative activities are slightly higher in non-caffeine and ginseng-containing drinks than caffeine-cotaining drinks. From this standpoint, we suggest that too much drinking of caffeine-containing drinks for a long time is undesirable.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1197-1211
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• 2007

In this article, we characterize the quasi-isomorphism classes of bracket groups in terms of vertices using vertex-switches. In particular, if two bracket groups are quasi-isomorphic, then there is a sequence of vertex-switches transforming a collection of vertices of a group to a collection of vertices of the other group.