• Toxicological Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 1986

T-2 toxin was given to rats(Spargue Dawley) with a 4mg/kg and 2mg/kg dose p.o. Data was based on the T-2 toxin 4mg/kg treated group except for counting of acidophil bodies. GPT activities increased significantly from 0.5 to 10 hours. GOT activities were also increased at 1 and 5 hours significantly and the relative weights of liver were increased at 0.5 and 5 hours significantly. There were slight necrotic foci in microscopic observation. There was dose-dependent trend for the frequency of the acidophil body between the 4mg/kg treated group and the 2mg/kg treated group.

• 음성과학
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• 제2권
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

This study was attempted to analyze the acoustic characteristics of profoundly deaf students. The 59 profoundly hearing-impaired and 36 normal subjects were divided into 3 age groups: 6-10 yrs group, 11-15 yrs group, and 16-20 yrs group. The voice was sampled in /a/ prolongation, counting, reading, and conversation using the Computerized Speech ,Lab (CSL). The vocal pitch of the deaf subjects was significantly higher than the normal subjects. The younger in age was tended to be higher in pitch and jitter values of the deaf subjects. The three age groups of the deaf subjects did not show any difference in loudness and shimmer, excepted to minimum loudness. The pitch mean of males was significantly lower than that for females.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1993

To investigate the effects of sedation, anesthesia and surgery on lymphocyte blastogenesis, the administration of propionyl promzine and ketamine HCI and osteotomy of femoral head either alone of in combination were performed in dogs. Lymphocyte blastogenesis to the PHA-M stimulation was measured by counting $^3H-thymidine$ incorporated. Significant decrease of blastogenesis was observed until 72 hours after treatment in the group treated with propionyl proazine, but only at 4 hours in the group treated with ketamine HCI. In the group in which anesthesia and osteotomy of femoral head were performed blastogenesis decreased significantly until 24 hours after treatment. The present study indicated that transient depression of the lymphocyte blastogenesis after surgery was occurred due to the sedation and anesthesia as well as surgery itself.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.353-375
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• 2006

In this paper we establish a counting method for the Green classes of the Birget-rhodes expansion of finite groups. As an application of the results, we derive explicit enumeration formulas for the Green classes for finite groups of order pq and a finite cyclic group of order $p^m$, where p and q are arbitrary given distinct prime numbers.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.143-146
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different methods of hand washing by counting the number of bacteria on the hand surface. Eighteen clinicians were chosen and divided into three groups, consisting of six clinicians each. Culturing of the right raw palms of all individuals was performed. Individuals in the control group washed hands for 5 seconds with antimicrobial soap. Group 1 washed their hands for 10 seconds with antimicrobial soap. Group 2 washed with an instant alcohol-based hand sanitizer. After the respective washes, re-culturing of the right raw palm was done for each member of all groups. The colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated at each time point, and the reduction rate of CFU among the three groups were statistically evaluated using student t-test. All groups showed a significant decrease in CFU, according to the time applied (P<0.01). In addition, the reduction rate of CFU between the groups were statistically evaluated with ANOVA (P<0.01). It showed statistically difference between the control group and group 1, control group and group 2. The present study confirmed that the hand washing method with antimicrobial soap for 10 seconds and hand sanitizer, including alcohol, were excellent for decreasing the number of bacteria on the hand surface.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.36-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DOGO phreatic water containing sulphur on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga mouse. Methods : We made DOGO phreatic water removed sulphur using Twin Alternating Sulfate Eater. After making atopic dermatitis caused by sensitizing NC/Nga mouse to DNCB(dinitrochlorobenzene), we made mouse swim in tanks each filled with distilled water, tap water, DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur), DOGO phreatic water(remove sulphur) for 30minutes everyday. 3weeks later, we analyzed skin clinical score, total IgE levels(by ELISA), WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes), absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$, CCR3 mRNA expressions(by Real-time PCR), IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels(by ELISA), histologic test(by H&E staining, toluidine blue staining). Results : The results of making NC/Nga mouse induced atopic dermatitis swim in tanks filled with DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur) are as follows. 1. Skin clinical scores were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 2. Total IgG levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 3. WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes) were decreased significantly in c.mparison to control group. 4. Absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$ were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 5. CCR3 mRNA expressions were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 6. IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 7. The epithelial tissue thickness, leucocytes infiltration, erythema, edema, excoriation, scaling, mast cells infiltrations in dorsal skin were decreased in comparison to control group. Conclusions : These results indicate that DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur) can be used for helping treat atopic dermatitis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2012

Background: The common causes of lower back pain with or without leg pain includes disk disease and spinal stenosis. A definitive diagnosis is usually made by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but treatment is often difficult because the MRI findings are not consistent with the symptoms of the patient in many cases. The objective of this study was to observe the correlation between the patterns of epidurography performed in patients having lower back pain with or without leg pain and the position or severity of the pain as subjectively described by the patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were 69 outpatients with lower back pain with or without leg pain who visited our clinic and complained of predominant pain on one side. We performed caudal epidural block using an image intensifier. A mixture of the therapeutic drug and the contrast agent (10 ml) was injected to observe the contrast flow pattern. The patients who complained of predominant pain on one side were divided into the left side group and the right side group. A judgment of inconsistency was made if the contrast agent flowed to the side of the pain, while a judgment of consistency was made if the contrast agent flowed to the opposite side of the pain. The degree of the drug distribution was evaluated by counting the number of cells to which the contrast agent's flowed for evaluating the correlation between the contrasted cell and the severity of pain (one group ${\leq}$ VAS 7, the other group ${\geq}$ VAS 8) the degree of the contrast agent's contrast was evaluated by dividing and counting an image into 15 cells (the left, right, and middle sections at each level of L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3). Results: Thirty out of the 69 patients who had laterality in pain, that is, those who complained of predominant pain on one side, showed that the laterality of the pain and the contrast agent flow was consistent, while 39 patients showed that the laterality was inconsistent (P: 0.137). The evaluation of the correlation between the pain and the contrast agent flow showed that the mean number of contrasted cells was $9.0{\pm}2.2$ for the 46 patients in the group with a VAS of 7 or lower and $6.5{\pm}2.0$ for the 23 patients in the group with a VAS of 8 or higher, indicating that the former group showed a significantly greater number of contrasted cells (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study, conducted with patients having lower back pain with or without leg pain, showed that the contrast flow pattern of caudal epidurography had a significant correlation with the severity of the pain but not with the laterality of the pain.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.141-157
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DOGO phreatic water containing germanium on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga mouse. Methods : We made DOGO phreatic water added germanium. After making atopic dermatitis caused by sensitizing NC/Nga mouse to DNCB(dinitrochlorobenzene), we made mouse swim in tanks each filled with distilled water, tap water, DOGO phreatic water, DOGO phreatic water(added germanium) for 30minutes everyday. 3weeks later, we analyzed skin clinical score, total IgE levels(by ELISA), WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes), absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$, CCR3 mRNA expressions(by Real-time PCR), IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels(by ELISA), histologic test(by H&E staining, toluidine blue staining). Results : The results of making NC/Nga mouse induced atopic dermatitis swim in tanks filled with DOGO phreatic water(contain germanium) are as follows. 1. Skin clinical scores were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 2. Total IgG levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 3. WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes) were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 4. Absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$ were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 5. CCR3 mRNA expressions were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 6. IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 7. The epithelial tissue thickness, leucocytes infiltration, erythema, edema, excoriation, scaling, mast cells infiltrations in dorsal skin were decreased in comparison to control group. Conclusions : These results indicate that DOGO phreatic water(contain germanium) can be used for helping treat atopic dermatitis.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2007

조간대의 조류로 발달은 조간대 퇴적물 종류, 입도, 조성 및 조류의 세기 등에 많은 영향을 받는다. 조류로의 발달 특성, 밀도, 형태 등은 조간대의 특징을 분석하는데 활용될 수 있다. 그러나 조류로에 대한 정량적 분석은 시도되지 못하고 있다. 따라서 이번 연구의 목적은 고해상도 위성 영상 자료를 이용하여 조류로에 대한 프랙털 차원 결과와 조류로 발달에 영향을 주는 지형(DEM : Digital Elevation Model)을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 이번 연구에서는 프랙털 분석 중에서 하천 해안 등 선형의 특징에 많은 적용을 하는 box counting 방법을 이용하였다. 연구 지역은 조차가 심한 강화도 남단의 조간대이다. 연구 방법은 IKONOS 영상으로부터 조류로를 추출한 뒤 프랙털 차원을 구하였다. 그 결과 프랙털 차원은 약 $1.0{\sim}1.35$ 정도의 결과 값을 얻었다. 지형이 낮으며 채널의 발달이 미비한 지역(강화도 남단 여차리 부근)에서는 프랙털 차원이 약 $1.0{\sim}1.2$ 정도의 낮은 값을 가지는 반면에 지형이 높고 채널 발달이 수지상으로 잘 발달된 지역(영종도 북단)의 프랙털 차원은 약 $1.20{\sim}1.35$ 정도의 높은 값을 가진다. 이 분석으로부터 프랙털 분석으로 인하여 조류로의 정량적 분류가 가능하며 지역의 지형에 따라서 조류로의 발달 형태가 달라 프랙털 차원 값이 다르다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the effects on sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations in PHA or LPS stimulated mouse spleen and bone marrow lymphocytes after an acute whole body irradiation. Frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges were significantly increased with the increased dose(from zero to 400tad) but there was no differences between B-cell and T-cell. By times, the maximum induced SCE levels was observed at 12 hours after irradiation and then returned to base level at one day in 100rad group and three day in 400rad group. There was a significant difference in chromosome aberration with increasing exposure. X-ray irradiated chromosome aberration was long lived relative to SCE. This results show that counting the incidence of SCE may not provide a sensitive system for detecting X-ray exposure.