• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop, through the integration of instructional theory, a Courseware and to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based computer assisted instruction(WBI) program for preventing drug abuse, a serious problem for youth problem. During the first stage of this study done "Drug Abuse Prevention" Courseware was developed based on, Gagn & Brigg's instructional design theory, Keller's ARCS theory and the CAI model of Hannafin & Peck. For the second stage, the courseware was used to provide education for students adolescents in drug abuse prevention. This study used an quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 36 male high school students who were at one high school located in Seoul. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included a learning achievement tool, the Keller's IMMS (Instructional Material Motivation Survey), on attitudes to drug use, and on responses to the WBI instruction. Prior to the experiment, the "drug abuse prevention" learning method and the procedures of the study were explained to the students, and then the learning achievement of the subjects was measured as a pretest. The students were then given 2 weeks WBI utilizing the courseware. A post-test which included the pre-test learning achievement questionnaire and a survey of learning motivation and attitudes toward drug were given two weeks after the education was completed. The data analysis was done using SPSS/PC. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre-test and post-test scores for learning achievement. The results of the analysis are as follows: There were significant differences in learning achievement between the pre-test and post-test(t=-18.62, p=0.000). The hypothesis, that learning achievement will be higher, after the class has used the courseware, than before was supported. The scores for learning motivation and attitudes toward drugs were also higher than the results of existing studies. In conclusion, this study suggests that WBI is an effective learning method in the prevention of drug abuse for adolescents as it can be used for self-learning and repeated learning as assisted instruction. Recommendation would be given that further research needs to be develped in the courseware by cognitive learning style and by multimedia courseware and virtual reality system.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2018

최근 도서관의 모습은 그 어느 때보다도 극적으로 변화하고 있으며 이러한 변화의 한 가운데는 도서관의 공간적 요소가 큰 부분을 차지하고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 외 조도 관련 선행연구 분석 및 실측 조사 그리고 각국의 조도 관련 기준을 비교하여 도서관의 조도 기준의 개선 방향의 기준을 마련하고 도서관의 학습 및 열람공간과 전반적인 이용자 공간의 더 나은 조도 환경을 구축하기 위한 조도 개선점을 제안하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 대전광역시 공공도서관 중 14개의 도서관을 대상으로 조도 측정 후 이용자들의 인식을 조사하였다. 마지막으로 국내외 조도기준에 대한 비교를 통해 앞으로 국내 조도규격이 개선되어야 할 점을 살펴보았다. 분석결과 현재 국내의 조도관련 기준은 시대에 맞게, 그리고 각 국가의 사례를 바탕으로 보완해야 할 필요성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이용자의 연령층에 따른 차별화와 조도에 대한 중요성 인식이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 도서관의 전반적인 조도개선과 조명 관리에 대한 관심을 불러일으키는 기초연구가 될 것으로 기대되며 국외 권장 조도의 개정 동향에 맞게 국내 조도규격에 대한 개정과 추후 도서관 조도에 대한 지속적인 연구를 바탕으로 관심이 지속된다면 국내 공공도서관 조명 개선에 큰 힘이 될 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.59-86
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• 2005

본 연구는 백화점에서 서비스 실패가 발생한 경우, 백화점의 서비스 회복노력을 고객의 입장에서 공정하게 지각하느냐와, 지각된 공정성이 만족과 신뢰의 수준을 높였는가, 이와같은 만족과 신뢰가 점포 애호도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는가를 연구하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 문헌연구와 연구문제 해결을 위한 가설 설정, 그리고 이에 대한 실증분석을 실시하였다. 실증 분석은 국내 주요 백화점에서 최근 1년 이내 서비스 회복을 경험한 204명의 고객들을 대상으로 진행하였다. 연구가설 검증을 위한 실증분석은 SPSS 10,0. AMCS 4.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 설문 문항에 대한 신뢰성과 타당성들 결정한 후, 구조방정식 모형분석에 통하여 가설을 검증하였다. 연구결과 백화점의 서비스 실패에 대합 적극적인 서비스 회복노력이 고객만족과 백화점에 대한 신뢰를 가져오고, 이러한 만족과 신뢰가 점포 애호도를 증가시킨다는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 시사점은 백화점에서 서비스 실패가 발생하였다. 하더라도 서비스 회복과정에서 고객이 지각하는 긍정성의 수준을 향상시킴으로써, 고객만족과 신뢰, 점포 애호도의 증가로 고객의 지속적인 재구매, 긍정적인 구전, 백화점 이용 추천을 유발하여 백화점의 경쟁력 향상에 기여할 수 있다는 점을 실증연구를 통하여 확인하였다는 점이다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.131-154
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• 2000

This study was conducted to provide basic data for development of public information program and public policy which could prevent the medicine abuse in Korea, examining the level of knowledge of medicine and its related factors. Data were collected from the 2,011 residents who live in mtropolitan cities, large-sized cities, small and medium cities, and small towns The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1) In case of purchasing of medicines in pharmacy, 67.3％ of the respondents chose the medicines through recommendations of the professionals such as pharmacists and doctors, while 32.7％ of the respondents chose the medicine through self-judgement, advertizing, or recommendation of relative. 2) 64.7％ of the respondents obtained the information on medicines through TV. It appeared to be higher in the groups of female of the twenties, the unmarred, a brother and sister threesome, highschool graduates, housewives, residents in small and medium cities, atheists, and the middle class, displaying the significant difference from the other groups. 3) 40.5％ of the respondents recognized the side effect of the medicine when they took the medicine, while 34.4％ did not recognize it. The rate of experience in the side effect was 39.7％. The informations on the medicine abuse and the risk of addiction were obtained through broadcast media (47.9％), publications (12.1％), and health professionals (11.6％). 4) 81.1％ of the respondents experienced taking of the fatigue relieving medicine. The experience in taking of the fatigue relieving medicine appeared to be higher in the groups of the forties. the married. a brother and sister threesome. highschool graduates. persons engaging in farming, livestock raising, and forestry, the residents in small towns, and Christians. Each group displayed the significant difference from the other groups. 5) According to the level of knowledge of medicines, the respondents marked average 11.7 ± 3.76 points on the base of 24 points. It appeared to be higher in the groups of female of the twenties, a brother and sister foursome, college graduates, teachers, Catholics, and the middle class, displays the significant difference from the other groups. 6) According to the experience in taking of health medicine and health food, 81.1％ of respondents had the experience in taking ‘the fatigue relieving medicine’; 72.4％ ‘carrot or vegetable juice’; 69.5％ ‘ginseng’; 63.0％ ‘mushroom’; 42.5％ ‘dog meat’; 38.0％ ‘aloe’; 36.4 ‘deer antlers’; 11.4％ ‘snake’; 2.0％ ‘the penis of a fur seal’. 7) The factors influencing the level of knowledge of medicine include experiences in taking of the tonic, the fatigue relieving medicine, and the nutritive medicine, economic status, the number of brothers and sisters, education level, marital status, father's education level, and age. The factors influencing the experience in side effect of medicine are experiences in taking of the fatigue relieving medicine, the nutritive medicine, and the tonic, sex, age, education level, father's education level, marital status, economic status, religion, and the number of brothers and sisters. In conclusion, it is estimated that the level of knowledge of medicines is significantly low in Korea. Especially, it is found out that workmen, students, the upper class, the class of low education level, and persons engaging in farming, livestock raising, and forestry neglect importance of knowledge of medicine. Therefore, it is necessary for public authority, associations related, and health professionals to develop programs for public information and education to help people obtain basic knowledge of medicine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2413-2418
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• 2015

Background: Although adjuvant chemotherapy is a standard treatment in stage III colon cancer, its benefit is not as clear for stage II patients. In this retrospective analysis, we aimed to evaluate the survival of patients with low-risk stage II colon cancer, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk stage II colon cancer patients, and prognostic factors in stage II disease. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients who were diagnosed with stage II colon cancer between January 2006 and December 2011 were included in the study. Patients were stratified into two groups as being low-risk and high-risk according to risk factors for stage II disease. Adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy were administered to the patients with risk factors. Results: Ninety-four patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy due to high risk factors and 23 were monitored without treatment. Median follow-up time was 43 months. In terms of disease free survival and overall survival, adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide a statistically significant difference. Univariate analysis demonstrated that bowel obstruction was the major risk factor for shortened disease-free survival, while bowel perforation and perineural invasion were both negative prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions: The recommendation of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer is not clear. In our study, it was found that adjuvant chemotherapy did not contribute to survival in high-risk stage II patients. Due to the fact that prognosis of stage II patients is good, many more patients will be needed for statistically significant differences in survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy containing 5 fluorouracil is being used to high-risk stage II patients although it is not a standard treatment approach.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2003

Cyclosporine (CsA) has become well established as a potent immunosuppressive agent in the renal transplantation. However, therapy is complicated by large intraindividual and interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics of CsA and frequent undesirable clinical outcomes such as graft rejection and nephrotoxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the CsA trough blood concentrations that were associated with acute graft rejection and renal toxicity in renal transplant patients. Also, the ability of the current recommendation of therapeutic range for CsA to prevent graft rejections and CsA-associated renal toxicity was assessed. The clinical courses of the patients on CsA as an immusuppressive agent for preventing the graft rejection with renal ransplantation performed at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1995 to September 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Total of 78 patients were included and three of them were retransplantation cases. Twenty-two acute episodes of rejection were identified, but only 16 episodes were clinically significant. Of these all the episodes occurred during the first month after transplantation except one. Mean daily doses of CsA were $427.2\pm72.1,\;352.6\pm56.8,\;308.62\pm48.3\;and\;268.47.1\;mg$ at posttransplant 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Mean CsA whole blood though levels were $259.8\pm36.2,\;238.5\pm39,\;200.8\pm45.8\;and\;161.9\pm25.8\;ng/ml$ at posttransplant 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Mean daily doses/weight were $7.9\pm1,\;6.4\pm1,\;5.3\pm0.7\;and\;4.6\pm0.7\;mg/kg$ at posttransplant 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. CsA doses decreased significantly as months progressed (p<0.001). During the first month after transplantation, only $12.5\%$ of the patients in rejection group had CsA concentration in therapeutic range, and 87.5, 93.8, and $100\%$ were within the therapeutic range at posttransplant 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. These results suggested that CsA concentrations of $250\sim300\;ng/ml$ might be appropriate for preventing the acute rejection during the first posttransplant month.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1993

부산시 남구 감만동 소재 어린이집 원아 99명을 대상으로 1992년 7월 1일부터 7월 14일까지 실시한 영양 조사의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 신체 계측 결과를 Kaup가 제시한 분류 기준에 따라 구분하면, 6세의 경우는 8.3%가 영양불량으로 나타났고, 3세의 21.9%, 4세의 55.6%, 5세의 42.8%, 6세의 50%가 가벼운 영양부족으로 나타났다. 2) 헤마토크릿치는 38.9%, 혈청 철함량은 53.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/100m1이었으며, 빈혈이 의심되는 어린이가 17%이었다 혈청 총단백 함량은6.7g/100$m\ell$, 혈청 알부민 함량은 3.5g/100$m\ell$이었는데, 이중 단백질 결핍이 의심되는 어린이가 27%정도되었다. 혈청Complement $C_3$는 152.4mg/100$m\ell$로 정상 범위에 속했다. 3) 열량섭취량은 권장량의 68.6~87.5%를 나타내었으며, 탄수화물, 지방, 단백질의 구성비율은 63.1~67 2 : 18.6~21.7 : 13.5~l5.2이었다. 단백질은 94.1~114.1%의 섭취량을 보였으나, 칼슘, 철, 비타민 A, 비타민 B$_1$, 비타민 B$_2$, niacin, 비타민 C 등은 권장량보다 낮은 섭취율을 보였다 4) 점심을 제외하고는 매끼 10%정도의 어린이가 결식하는 것으로 나타났고, 1끼 평균 3.5~5.5가지의 식품을 섭취하고 있었다. 5) 해당 영양소의 결핍이 우려되는 수준인 영양권장량의 75% 미만을 섭취하고 있는 어린이의 비율이, 철분의 경우 68%, 비타민 C 60.2%, 칼슘 58.2%, niacin 58.3%, 비타민 B$_1$37.8%, 비타민 B$_2$37.9%로 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2000

This paper presents cross-national perspectives on challenges in implementing current mathematics education reform ideals. This paper includes detailed qualitative descriptions of mathematics instruction from unevenly successful second-grade classrooms both in Koran and in the U. S with regared to reform recommendations. Despits dramatic differences in mathematics achivement between Korean and the U.S student. problems in both countries with regard to mathematics education are perceived to be very similar. The shared problems have a common origin in teacher-centered instruction. Educational leaders in both countries have persistently attempted to change the teacher-centered pedagogy to a student-centered approach. Many teachers report familiarity with and adherence to reform ideas, but their actual classroom teaching practices do not reflect the full implications of the reform ideals. Given the challenges in implementing reform, this study explored the breakdown that may occur between teachers adoption of reform objectives and their successful incorporation of reform ideals by comparing and contrasting two reform-oriented classrooms in both countries. This comparison and contrast provided a unique opportunity to reflect on possible subtle but crucial issues with regard to reform implementation. Thus, this study departed from past international comparisons in which the common objective has been to compare general social norma of typical mathematics classes across countries. This study was and exploratory, qualitative, comparative case study using grounded theory methodology based on constant comparative analysis for which the primary data sources were classroom video recordings and transcripts. The Korean portion of this study was conducted by the team of four researchers, including the author. The U.S portion of this study and a brief joint analysis were conducted by the author. This study compared and contrasted the classroom general social norms and sociomathematical norms of two Korean and two U.S second-grade teachers who aspired to implement reform. The two classrooms in each country were chosen because of their unequal success in activating the reform recommendation. Four mathematics lessons were videotaped from Korean classes, whereas fourteen lessons were videotaped from the U.S. classes. Intensive interviews were conducted with each teacher. The two classes within each country established similar participation patterns but very different sociomathematical norms. In both classes open-ended questioning, collaborative group work, and students own problem solving constituted the primary modes of classroom participation. However in one class mathematical significance was constituted as using standard algorithm with accuracy, whereas the other established a focus on providing reasonable and convincing arguments. Given these different mathematical foci, the students in the latter class had more opportunities to develop conceptual understanding than their counterparts. The similarities and differences to between the two teaching practices within each country clearly show that students learning opportunities do not arise social norms of a classroom community. Instead, they are closely related to its sociomathematical norms. Thus this study suggests that reform efforts highlight the importance of sociomathematical norms that established in the classroom microculture. This study also provides a more caution for the Korean reform movement than for its U.S. counterpart.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2013

Sources of energy and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) have been used to meet nutrient requirements for high producing dairy cows. However studies for manipulation the levels of energy and RUP in diets have been mainly achieved using dairy cows at early-lactation period. The objective of this study thus, was to investigate the effects of different energy and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) levels on dry matter intake and milk yield in Holstein cows at mid-lactation period. Basal diet was prepared as TMR to meet nutrient requirements for dairy cows at mid-lactation according to NRC recommendation. Cows of control group (Con) were fed only basal diets while ground corn (0.5 kg/d), heat-treated soybean meal (0.5 kg/d), and their mixture (0.25 kg of each supplements/d) were added to diets for cows of treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3 respectively) to modulate the level of energy and RUP contents in diets. Addition of energy or RUP source in basal TMR did not affect in total DMI while TMR intake tended to be higher in Con compared to T3. Cows fed T3 diets tended to show increased milk yield and MUN content than those of Con. Cows for T2 as well as T3 had lower ADG (P<0.05) compared with those of Con. We concluded that the addition of RUP source in diets for dairy cows on mid-lactation period might cause the decrement of DMI and ADG.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.157-173
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• 2018

Purpose Product characteristics and price value in website have strongly effects on customer satisfaction. Especially, in the online shopping site, the scarcity limits the customer's opportunity to purchase the product. Thus scarcity has been proposed as a important factor that makes the customer highly aware of the merchantability of the product. The scarcity in the web store is used as an important variable to make purchasing decisions of users easier by psychological pressure. In the case of scarce products with price discounts in online commerce, advertising formats that highlight scarcity value in the web commerce market are very effective in enhancing purchase intentions of consumers. Unlike offline stores, the importance of scarcity becomes more important when reflecting the characteristics of online commerce. Therefore, this study intends to confirm the influence of the degree of price discounts and scarcity information presented by Web sites on consumer purchase behavior in Web purchase behavior. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a web-based experimental study on price sensitivity and price discount. Therefore, we created experimental web-sites that offer two stimuli according to the discount rate. The 200 respondents were randomly assigned. The stimuli were fictitious based on tourism products. The first stimulus presented the price discount(15% discount) with basic explanation about the package of the tourist package. The stimuli assigned to the second group were used for groups with high price discount intensity(65% discount). In this way, the two stimuli clearly distinguished the level of price discount intensity. This paper conducted t-test analysis and structural equation to analyze the experiemental results after confirming the reliability and validity. Findings The results of this study are as follows. The difference in price discount intensity (15% vs 65%) with scarcity showed the mean difference among all the variables. Therefore, this study concluded that there is a significant difference between the price discount of 15% and 65% for the acquisition value and transaction value of users. In particular, consumers' purchase intention is greater and product recommendation intensity is stronger when the price discount is 65%. As a result, the high degree of the price discount intensity with scarcity exerts a greater influence on consumers' purchase intentions. Product scarcity also have a significant impact on perceived value of users. Therefore, purchase intention of customers increases when perceived value increases their profit and pleasure feeling.