• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2010

This study aims to reveal how EA affects BAX and NF-kB involved in cell deaths from global ischemia, and to do this, observes the changes of BAX and NF-kB caused by EA application after transient global ischemia. The experimental method is to give rise to global ischemia and apply EA to 27 SD rats with the particulars of being six-week-old, male, around-300 gram-weighing, and adapted to laboratory environment for more than a week, and divide them into three groups, that is, GV20 EA group(n=9), L14 EA group(n=9), no-treatment GI group(n=9), and then observe their changes of BAX and NF-kB at the time lapse of 6 hours, 9 hours and 12 hours after ischemia, using western blotting. The numerical decrease of BAX expression at the time lapse of 9 hours after EA application, though not statistically significant, was observed in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, and the NF-kB expression appeared statistically significant decrease in GV20 EA group and L14 EA group, but the expression was higher in the group with EA application. Therefore, EA application at the early phase of global ischemia is considered to affect BAX and NF-kB and play a positive role in decreasing apoptosis and cell deaths by inflammation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.772-781
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• 2011

Branched N-glycans are produced by a series of glycosyltransferases including N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases and fucosyltransferases and their corresponding genes. Glycans on specific glycoproteins, which are attached via the action of glycosyltransferases, play key roles in cell adhesion and signaling. Examples of this are adhesion molecules or signaling molecules such as integrin and E-cadherin, as well as membrane receptors such as the EGF and TGF-${\beta}$ receptors. These molecules also play pivotal roles in the underlying mechanism of a variety of disease such as cancer metastasis, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alterations in the structures of branched N-glycans are also hall marks and are useful for cancer biomarkers and therapeutics against cancer. This mini-review describes some of our recent studies on a functional glycomics approach to the study of branched N-glycans produced by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases III, IV, V and IX (Vb) (GnT-III, GnT-IV, V and IX (Vb)) and fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8) and their pathophysiological significance, with emphasis on the importance of a systems glycobiology approach as a future perspective for glycobiology.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1135-1144
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: Mitochondria play a key role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) play a critical role in cell death and a critical target for cardioprotection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cyclosporine A (CsA), one of MPTP blockers, and morphological changes of mitochondria and MPTP related proteins in monocrotaline (MCT) induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: Eight weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, MCT (60 mg/kg) and MCT plus CsA (10 mg/kg/day) treatment groups. Four weeks later, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and morphological changes of right ventricle (RV) were done. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for MPTP related protein were performed. Results: In electron microscopy, CsA treatment prevented MCT-induced mitochondrial disruption of RV. RVH was significantly increased in MCT group compared to that of the controls but RVH was more increased with CsA treatment. Thickened medial wall thickness of pulmonary arteriole in PAH was not changed after CsA treatment. In western blot, caspase-3 was significantly increased in MCT group, and was attenuated in CsA treatment. There were no significant differences in voltage-dependent anion channel, adenine nucleotide translocator 1 and cyclophilin D expression in western blot and RT-PCR between the 3 groups. Conclusions: CsA reduces MCT induced RV mitochondrial damage. Although, MPTP blocking does not reverse pulmonary pathology, it may reduce RV dysfunction in PAH. The results suggest that it could serve as an adjunctive therapy to PAH treatment.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2010

Objective: Many drug or non-drug therapies are reported to be effective in reducing the severity of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of color and pattern on the severity of ADHD in young ADHD patients. Method: We randomly assigned 30 children into two groups and had them participate in 15-minute block play sessions once in a week. The experimental group used blocks with green (3G, Munsell color system) circle patterns on them, while the control group played with plain white blocks. We also provided a set of playing cards with the corresponding patterns. This trial continued for 4 weeks and 29 children (96.7%) completed. The primary outcome measurement was the ADHD rating scale-IV and was evaluated on every visit. Results: After the trial, ADHD score decreased in both groups but not significantly ($34.4{\pm}8.0$ to $30.0{\pm}4.3$; $34.0{\pm}6.0$ to $30.3{\pm}3.2$). However, there were significant differences in 4 items of ADHD rating scale between the two groups. These consisted of 3 inattention (Q3, Q7, Q15) and 1 hyperactivity-impulsivity (Q12) items and the reduction between the first and final visits was significant (p=0.0240, p=0.0498, p=0.0237 and p=0.0012 respectively). Conclusion: Repeated exposure to a green circle pattern might not influence the total score of ADHD rating scale but reduced 3 inattention items and 1 hyperactivity-impulsivity significantly in children with ADHD. Proper visual stimuli are partially helpful for pediatric ADHD.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-105
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• 2024

본 연구는 통합 어린이집을 이용하는 장애-비장애 유아를 대상으로 이야기 기반 상호적 음악 활동이 유아의 놀이 상호작용 행동과 비장애 유아의 장애 유아에 대한 또래수용 태도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 대상자는 만 3-5세의 발달장애 및 발달 지연 유아 6명, 비장애 유아 21명이다. 대상자는 통합 그룹과 비통합 그룹에 배정되어 30분씩 주 2회, 총 10회기의 중재에 참여하였다. 중재는 다양성 인식, 행동 전략 습득, 재경험 및 확장의 3단계로 구성되었으며, 매 회기 중재 이후 자유 놀이 중 나타나는 놀이 상호작용 행동을 측정하였고, 중재 전후에 사회적 측정법을 사용하여 비장애 유아의 또래수용 태도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 통합 그룹에 소속된 비장애 유아와 장애 유아의 상호놀이 단절이 유의하게 감소하고, 비장애 아동의 공동행동과 장애 유아의 공동주의가 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 통합 그룹의 비장애 유아는 또래 수용 태도에서 유의한 변화가 없었고 비통합 그룹의 비유아는 장애또래에 대한 수용 태도가 유의하게 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과는 이야기 기반 상호적 음악 활동이 장애-비장애 유아 간 상호작용을 향상시키는 효과적인 중재가 될 수 있음을 보여 준다. 반면, 상호작용의 구체적인 변화에 비해 또래수용 태도에서의 미비한 결과는 유아들의 발달수준을 고려할 때 보다 장기적이고 체계적인 개입이 필요함을 시사한다. 또한 장애와 비장애 유아의 개별적 필요에 따른 맞춤형 개입의 중요성도 강조된다. 본 연구는 장애-비장애 유아의 사회적 통합을 위한 개입이 강조되는 시점에 체계적 중재 방향에 대한 중요한 시사점을 제시했다는 데 의의가 있다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2016

Objective: Hip abductors play a role in providing stability and movement to the lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hip abductor fatigue on static balance and gait in the general population. Design: One group pre-test post-test design. Methods: Thirteen university students in their twenties volunteered for the study and had underwent a functional assessment. To induce fatigue, the subjects were instructed to raise their dominant lower extremity up against a load of 50% of 1 repetition maximum while producing hip abduction in a side-lying position. Subjects were instructed to maintain an abduction speed of 30 repetitions per minute to induce fatigue. Muscle fatigue was considered to be established when subjects were unable to perform hip abduction three consecutive times along with the metronome. A post-test of balance and gait was performed immediately in order to prevent fatigue recovery. The center of pressure (COP) distance area was measured using the Zebris FDM-S Multifunction Force measuring plate. Gait performance was analyzed using the GAITRite. Results: The COP distance was increased after fatigue was induced. There was a significant increase in the standard deviation of the medio-lateral and antero-posteror distance (p<0.05). Although there was no significant difference in gait parameters, there was a significant decrease in single support time after fatigue was induced (p<0.05). Conclusions: There was an increase in static balance instability and a significant decrease in single support time during gait due to hip abductor muscle fatigue.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.545-546
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• 2018

With emerging evidence on the importance of non-cell autonomous toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases, therapeutic strategies targeting modulation of key immune cells. including microglia and Treg cells, have been designed for treatment of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. Strategy switching the patient's environment from a pro-inflammatory toxic to an anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective condition, could be potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate innate and adaptive immune cells, through release of soluble factors such as $TGF-{\beta}$ and elevation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper-2 cells (Th2 cells), would play important roles, in the neuroprotective effect on motor neuronal cell death mechanisms in ALS. Single cycle of repeated intrathecal injections of BM-MSCs demonstrated a clinical benefit lasting at least 6 months, with safety, in ALS patients. Cytokine profiles of CSF provided evidence that BM-MSCs, have a role in switching from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory conditions. Inverse correlation of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and MCP-1 levels, could be a potential biomarker to responsiveness. Thus, additional cycles of BM-MSC treatment are required, to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제45권
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• pp.250-287
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• 2001

This study concerns therapeutic effects and long-term effects of Therapy Dog Assisted Program (TDAP) on autistic children. Subjects participating in this study are two groups of Korean elementary school boys of the same age (twelve years old) : an experimental group and a controlled group of equal number of children (six children in total). The thirteen different sessions of the first intervention and eight different sessions of the second intervention were performed over six months (from April 20th to October 27th, 2000). Two standard instrument (ASIEP, E-CLAC) are used as major instruments in order to evaluate the effectiveness of TDAP. Evidene from the present study indicates that the children participating in TDAP program achieved a greater degree of improvement in their social interaction in comparison with the counterpart. The present study also demonstrates that, in general, the effectiveness of TDAP somewhat decreased after the termination of TDAP with some exceptions. However we also found that the effectiveness of TDAP were maintained in the some behavioral area such as bowing to teacher, play for cooperation with peers, which activities were sufficiently offered TDAP to the children. The questions of possible influence of parental support and other family background of each individual autistic child on the effect and long-term effect of TDAP need to be addressed in future study.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

목적 : 본 연구는 집단 작업 활동 프로그램이 지역아동센터 아동들의 시지각 및 운동기능을 향상시킬 수 있는지 알아보았다. 연구방법 : 지역아동센터를 이용하는 만 6~9세 학령기 아동 5명을 대상으로 집단 작업 활동 프로그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램은 놀이를 기반으로 시지각 및 운동기능을 촉진할 수 있는 요소를 포함하였고, 주 1회(90분) 총 9회기로 진행되었다. 아동의 시지각 및 운동기능에 대한 프로그램 효과를 알아보기 위하여 프로그램 전과 후에 Motor Free Visual Perception Test-Third Edition(MVPT-3)와 Bruiniks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition(BOT-2) 평가를 실시하여 두 시점의 평가 결과를 비교하였다. 결과 : 집단 작업 활동 프로그램은 지역아동센터 아동의 시지각 및 운동기능을 향상시키는 효과가 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 지역아동센터 아동들의 시지각 및 운동기능의 발달 촉진에 있어서 집단 작업 활동 프로그램의 효과를 보여주었다. 이러한 경험적 증거는 발달을 촉진하는 작업 활동이 지역사회에 적용되고 확대될 수 있는 근거를 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2007

This practice parameter for non-pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) review the domestic and international literature on the psychosocial treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. This parameter include the parental training & education, cognitive behavior therapy(group or individual), social skill training, family therapy, play therapy (individual psychotherapy) and non-traditional therapy (art therapy, herbal therapy et al). Among them, there is some proven evidence only in parental training & education and cognitive behavior therapy. So, this parameter describes some details only in the field of parental training & education and cognitive behavior therapy. The efficacy or effectiveness, especially, cost-effectiveness of specific psychosocial treatment method for ADHD cannot be fairly assessed due to the scarcity of controlled clinical data. Based on the clinical expert consensus and limited evidence, we cautiously suggest the practice recommendations about the non-pharmacological psychosocial treatment fur children and adolescents with ADHD.