• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.31
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• pp.93-129
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• 2018

These days, the world finds itself in a time when 21st century human and societal practices can benefit from alternative viable models; as such models are desperately needed. Daesoon Jinrihoe seeks to show one model inspired by the historical kings, Yao and Shun. In Daesoon Jinrihoe, King Yao and King Shun (堯舜 yo sun) are recollected and projected into modern times. This paper is a study that examines what aspects of Daesoon Thought go into understanding Kings Yao and Shun and what insights their example can provide for modern people today. In Daesoon Thought, the 'Dao of Kings Yao and Shun' has appeared again because the 'Era of the Great Opening (開闢時代 gaebyeok shidae)' has arrived, and this era is characterized by 'Seeking Out the Beginning and Returning to the Original Root (原始返本 wonshi banbon).' This is not simply a return to ancient times. The seeds that fall on the ground grow up to overcome winds and rains, bring forth new fruits in the autumn, and their fruits contain the original seeds. The seeds are simultaneously the original seeds, but not the seeds themselves. Rather, they are complete bodies condensed and infused with abundant experience gained after multitudinous trials. In Daesoon Thought, Kings Yao and Shun are analyzed from the following four perspectives: first, as an ideal human image that combines the qualities of Sages and Heroes (聖雄 seong oong), second, as the historical background behind the truth of the 'Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence (解冤相生),' third, as an ancient model of the ideal world, and fourth, as Daesoon Jinrihoe's 'Mind Dharma (心法)' and also as the classical basis for the 'Cultivation of Dao (修道).' However, the meaning of Kings Yao and Shun in Daesoon Thought is not limited to traditional philosophical thought but also contains certain crucial differences. In Daesoon Thought, the qualities of sages and heroes are combined in a way that does not compromise or penalize, but in accordance with the rule of law and beyond, the ideal world is understood as a world in which there are no natural disasters and everyone enjoys beauty and splendor. Mind Dharma means the spiritual cultivation of the 'Dao of Mutual Beneficence' as presented by Sangje (上帝 the Supreme God) through sincerity, respectfulness, and faithfulness (誠敬信 seong, gyeong, shin). In addition, through the core truth of Daesoon Thought, the Resolution of Grievances for Mutual Beneficence, the resolution of the grudges associated with Kings Yao and Shun will likewise eliminate the root-grudge plaguing humanity and divine beings. In this paper, I intend to deepen my understanding of Daesoon Thought through a study on our theology's understanding of Kings Yao and Shun, and I also wish to redefine the value of Daesoon Thought through the symbolization and reinterpretation of ancient historical figures.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

The polarimetric backscattering coefficients of a wet-land rice field which is an experimental plot belong to National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology in Suwon are measured using ground-based polarimetric scatterometers at 1.8 and 5.3 GHz throughout a growth year from transplanting period to harvest period (May to October in 2006). The polarimetric scatterometers consist of a vector network analyzer with time-gating function and polarimetric antenna set, and are well calibrated to get VV-, HV-, VH-, HH-polarized backscattering coefficients from the measurements, based on single target calibration technique using a trihedral corner reflector. The polarimetric backscattering coefficients are measured at $30^{\circ},\;40^{\circ},\;50^{\circ}\;and\;60^{\circ}$ with 30 independent samples for each incidence angle at each frequency. In the measurement periods the ground truth data including fresh and dry biomass, plant height, stem density, leaf area, specific leaf area, and moisture contents are also collected for each measurement. The temporal variations of the measured backscattering coefficients as well as the measured plant height, LAI (leaf area index) and biomass are analyzed. Then, the measured polarimetric backscattering coefficients are compared with the rice growth parameters. The measured plant height increases monotonically while the measured LAI increases only till the ripening period and decreases after the ripening period. The measured backscattering coefficientsare fitted with polynomial expressions as functions of growth age, plant LAI and plant height for each polarization, frequency, and incidence angle. As the incidence angle is bigger, correlations of L band signature to the rice growth was higher than that of C band signatures. It is found that the HH-polarized backscattering coefficients are more sensitive than the VV-polarized backscattering coefficients to growth age and other input parameters. It is necessary to divide the data according to the growth period which shows the qualitative changes of growth such as panicale initiation, flowering or heading to derive functions to estimate rice growth.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.296-306
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• 1998

Airborne MSS data is regarded as a potentially effective data source for the measurement of water quality and for the environmental change of water bodies. In this study, we measured the radiance reflectance by using multi-spectral image of low resolution camera(LRC) which will be reached in the multi-purpose satellite(KOMPSAT) to use the data in analyzing water pollution. We also investigated the possibility of extraction of water quality factors in water bodies by using high resolution remote sensing data such as Airborne MSS. Especially, we tried to extract environmental factors related with eutrophication such as chlorophyll-a, suspended sediments and turbidity, and also tried to develop the process technique and the radiance feature of reflectance related with eutrophication. Although it was difficult to explicitly correlate Airborne MSS data with water quality factors due to the insufficient number of ground truth data. The results were summarized as follows: First, the spectrum of sun's rays which reaches the surface of the earth was consistent with visible bands of 0.4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and about 50% of total quantity of radiation could be found. The spectrum was reached highest at around 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band in visible bands. Second, as a result of the radiance reflectance Chlorophyll-a represented high mainly around 0.52${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band, and suspended sediments and turbidity represented high at 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and at 0.57${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, respectively. Finally, as a result of the water quality analysis by using Airborne MSS, Chlorophyll-a could have a distribution image after carrying out ratio of B3 and B5 to B7. Band 7 was useful for making the distribution image of suspended sediments. When we carried out PCA, suspended sediments and turbidity had distributions at PC 1 and PC 4 which are similar to the ground data. Above results can be changed according to the change of season and time. Therefore, in order to analyze the environmental factors of water quality by using LRC data more exactly, we need to investigate the ground data and the radiance feature of reflectance of water bodies constantly. For further studies, we will constantly analyze the radiance feature of the surface of water in wafter bodies by measuring the on-the-spot radiance reflectance and using low resolution satellite image(SeaWiFS). We will also gather the data of water quality analysis in water bodies and analyze the pattern of water pollution.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.421-434
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• 2012

Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) is one of the important components of optical properties of seawater to determine ecosystem dynamics in a given marine area. The optical characteristics of CDOM may depend on the various ecosystem and environmental variables in the sea and those variables may vary region to region. Therefore, the retrieval algorithm for determining light absorption coefficient of CDOM ($a_{CDOM}$) using satellite remote sensing reflectance ($R_{rs}$) developed from other region may not be directly applicable to the other region, and it must be validated using an in-situ ground-truth observation. We have tested 6 known CDOM algorithms (three Semi-analytical and three Empirical CDOM algorithms) developed from other regions of the world ocean with laboratory determined in-situ values for the East Sea using field data collected during seven oceanographic cruises in the period of 2009~2011. Our field measurements extended from the coastal waters to the open oceanic type CASE-1 Waters. Our study showed that Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA_v5) derived $a_{CDOM}$(412) appears to match in-situ $a_{CDOM}$(412) values statistically. Semi-analytical algorithms appeared to underestimate and empirical ones overestimated $a_{CDOM}$ in the East Sea. $a_{CDOM}$(412) value was found to be relatively high in the relatively high satellite derived-chlorophyll-a area. $a_{CDOM}$(412) value appears to be influenced by the amount of chlorophyll-a in seawater. The outcome of this work may be referenced to develop $a_{CDOM}$ algorithm for the new Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.371-384
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• 2002

It is very important to predict the environmental changes in the land-surface as a way of prevention of sustainable nature. This study investigated the difference between the predicted and actual data of Anmyeon-do from 1981 to 2000 through a fuzzy logic operation using multi-spectral image. According to literature survey, maps, and ground truth data, the types of land-use have changed due primarily to shore reclamation or wild land and grassland fostering before the eighties. After the mid-eighties, however, a number of private residents and commercial stores quickly have spreaded throughout beach resorts and quasi-agricultural and forest areas. Moreover, shore and community regions were severely damaged in the nineties with increased farmland, due to the development of tour places and expansion of city area. The predicted result of the environmental changes in the land-surface using the fuzzy logic operation was almost similar to the state of Anmyeon-do obtained through the satellite image. Particularly, the flat lands near the shore was predicted to change slightly. This area is largely under development, thereby raising concerns on the shore environment. Thus, this method is applicable to conducting research on the change in the land-surface.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2005

Surface wave techniques were initially based on 2-D plane waves and were later improved to the techniques based the 3-D based cylindrical waves. However, body-wave interference, near-field effect and limited technology in surface wave measurements restricted the use of 3-D cylindrical waves to the 1-D evaluation of subgrade stiffness. In this study, by the numerical simulation of SASW measurements, the dispersion properties of surface waves including vertical, horizontal Rayleigh waves and Love waves were thoroughly investigated in the 3-D domain, and a new filter criteria to minimize the near-field effect was established, which led to CAP (common-array-profiling)-SASW technique. The CAP-SASW technique enabled the evaluation of subgrade stiffness fur a specific subgrade segment, not for a whole section of measurement array. Therefore, a contour plot of subgrade stiffness with a ground-truth quality can be obtained by the CAP-SASW technique. The procedure proposed in this study was verified by comparing the shear-wave velocity profiles with the shear-wave velocity profiles of downhole testing at two geotechnical sites.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-45
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• 2011

It is the aim of this paper to find the requisites for the target problem solving process in reference to the base problem and to search the roles of those. Focusing on the structural similarity, analytic activity and comparative activity in stage of similar mathematical problem solving process, we tried to find the roles of them. We observed closely how four students solve the target problem in reference to the base problem. And so we got the following conclusions. The insight of structural similarity prepare the ground appling the solving method of base problem in the process solving the target problem. And we knew that the analytic activity can become the instrument which find out the truth about the guess. Finally the comparative activity can set up the direction of solution of the target problem. Thus we knew that the insight of structural similarity, the analytic activity and the comparative activity are necessary for similar mathematical problem to solve. We think that it requires the efforts to develop the various programs about teaching-learning method focusing on the structural similarity, analytic activity and comparative activity in stage of similar mathematical problem solving process. And we also think that it needs the study to research the roles of other elements for similar mathematical problem solving but to find the roles of the structural similarity, analytic activity and comparative activity.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.115-152
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• 2017

This paper is to analyse the changes in the future war patterns and ROK's response. To this end the paper is composed of 5 chapters titled instruction; concept, characteristics, types, and evolution of war; changes in the war patterns of the future; Korea's response strategies for the future war. Truth can be immutable, but everything else changes. War has begun with human history, and today there are still wars in places all over the world. As ages change from agricultural society to industrial society to knowledge and information society, aspects(patterns) of war have also changed. Future warfare includes the 5th dimensional war(in the ground, the sea, the air, the universe, the cyber), the network-centric, the precision strike, the rapid maneuver, the non-gunpowder, the non-lethal, the unmanned robot, the informational & cyber, the asymmetric, the non-linear, and the parallel etc. In response to these changes in the pattern of wars, the ROK military should seek (1)to build a future-oriented military force, (2)to continuously develop military innovation and preparedness, and (3)to develop and establish a paradigm for acquiring the power of technology. A Roman strategist, Vegetius said, "If you wish peace, prepare for war." This is a universally accepted maxim in international society today. We must never forget that peace we desire is given when we have the will and ability to keep.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1335-1342
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• 2014

Shallow water depths were estimated using Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI)-1500 and mapped to analyze the bottom bathymetry changes due to the rip currents in Haeundae beach, South Korea for the first time. The depths were estimated empirically using the maximum reflectances from 420nm to 597nm wavelength of CASI and 47 in situ water depth measurements, which were compared with ground-truth bathymetry measurements. The comparisons showed that the RMSE was 1.1m with a correlation coefficient of 0.76. In addition, CASI imagery showed remarkably detailed bottom features, especially those resulting from the rip currents within the beach. Two different channels carved by the rip current were analyzed and characterized with respect to the width and slope compared to surrounding regions. While the west side of the channel showed a wide and gentle slope, the east side of the channel showed a narrow and steep slope. The estimated bathymetry map revealed that the uneven offshore bottom features were related to the transport and accumulation of sediments by the rip current, which reaches hundreds of meters offshore. Accordingly, the accumulated sediments were estimated by adding topography changes compared to the depths of the non-rip current regions. The sediments were accumulated in off channels as much as almost twice the amount of annual sand supplements along the Haeundae beach.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

This paper proposes a real-time distance measurement system of high temperature and high speed target using infrared stereo camera. We construct an infrared stereo camera system that measure the difference between target and background temperatures for automatic target measurement. First, the proposed method detects target region based on target motion and intensity variation of local region using difference between target and background temperatures. Second, stereo matching by left and right target information is used to estimate disparity about real-time distance of target. In the proposed method using infrared stereo camera system, we compare distances in three dimension trajectory measuring instrument and in infrared stereo camera measurement. In this experiment from three video data, the result shows an average 9.68% distance error rate. The proposed method is suitable for distance and position measurement of varied targets using infrared stereo system.