• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

A survey was done to figure out the HPLP(health promotion lifestyle profile) of the teachers of health-related disciplines and not-health-related disciplines. 205 teachers in middle and high school were surveyed from 4th February to 2nd April 2003. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The HPLP score of the teachers of health-related disciplines (mean $2.73{\pm}0.44$) was higher than that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines (mean $2.48{\pm}0.40$). Sub category's mean of the teachers of health-related disciplines was self-realization 2.99, interpersonal-relationship 2.92, health responsibility 2.65, nutrition 2.64, stress management 2.52, exercise 2.27 and that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines was self-realization 2.84, interpersonal-relationship 2.70, health responsibility 2.24, nutrition 2.39, stress management 2.23, exercise 1.98. 2. When HPLP score were examined according to demographic characteristics, health status and self-efficacy, the results showed that of the teachers of health-related disciplines was higher than that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. 3. Gender, degree of grief and depression, and self-efficacy have statistically significant effect on the HPLP score of the teachers of health-related disciplines, and subjective health status, concern about health, degree of stress, and self-efficacy were significant on that of the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. This results were indicated the teachers of health-related disciplines show better role model in health than the teachers of not-health-related disciplines. As self-efficacy is the most important factor on the HPLP score, it is very important to introduce programs to raise self-efficacy of teachers in middle and high school.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.5-29
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• 2012

This study aimed to express the experiences of the parents who lost their children by suicides in their own words from their own perspectives by van Manen(2000)'s hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The analysis of the words expressed by the research participants led to the following five fundamental themes. These are 'broken heart, sinner's grief, land of exile and time stood still, pains to be comforted, and days ahead with half-stitched wounds'. Several distinctions are found due to cultural differences from Korean parents. First, whereas the Western parents see the cause of their child's suicide as his/her independent issue, the Korean parents blame themselves entirely. This may have stemmed from the overly inter-dependency between the parents and the child. Second, whereas the Western perspective views the suicide as a type of illness from the individual's depression. The Korean perspective views the suicide as a shame that disgraces the parents or the family. This negative social perspective intensifies the self-blame and social isolation. Third, the Westerners recognize the prevention and responsibility of suicide resting with the society and government, but the Korean society recognize suicide as personal or family matter. Based on the finding above, I proposed a number of practical measures to aid the surviving parents who belong to a group with extremely high suicidal rates.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

Hospice can not only help the dying persons to maintain the high quality of life and facing the death in comfortable and peaceful state, but also the bereaved family to relieve the grief and sufferings. We investigated the work of hospice performed by church base from March 2000 until recently and reported the results dividing them into three parts. 1)The application of resources in church to administration, education, nursing delivery of hospice in the aspects of management. 2)Spiritual and postmortal management relating hospice nursing and funeral in hospice practice. 3)Case report of hospice and the patients situation(5 in average a month). The expected effects of hospice practice using the resources in church are as follows. 1)Hospice practice can provide the highly qualified persons with the opportunities to do voluntary services and find their lives worth living. Consequently hospice contributes to the spreading of the volunteering culture. 2)The volunteers in hospice can grow mature spiritually and get interpersonal relationships among the volunteers. Doyle. D., Geoflrey.W.C., & Macdonald. N.(1988). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine(2nd ed). New York :Oxford University Press. Woodruff. R.(1996). Palliative Medicine(2nd ed). Melburn: Asperula Pty Ltd. 3)Through the hospice activity, church can practice and show the moral. 4)The volunteers in hospice can make a organization with a hope to be a beautiful community in church. 5)The patients and their families can enjoy the high quality of life through the holistic care provided by 33 nursing practical items of hospice. 6)'Hospice newsletter' can be a useful vehicle to provide readers with hope and encouragement through the stories of the patient and the volunteers. The persons unaware of the hospice can be contacted with hospice by this 'Hospice newsletter'. 7)Irrespective of the economic status, all patients are served equally that hospice can contribute to dying with dignity and the equality of human being.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.20-36
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• 2014

This research aims to identify and analyze the expression elements and features of Goth style observed in clothing of unique characters in movies directed by Tim Burton, and to build the database on diverse features movie costumes, so that such data can be used to develop new fashion design. The research-classified features of Goth style into romanticism overturns Satanism, grief, and sensuality. The results are as follow; First, Goth expressed romanticism by reminding the gloom and fear of medieval times through the image of clowns, medieval knights, werewolves and vampires. Second, The costumes in Tim Burton's movies overthrew the rules in reality using flexible changes, ambiguity of gender, distorted human beings, half-man-half-beasts, and ghost images. Furthermore, the positive expression on characters in gloomy and fearful costumes showed the overturn of common idea and value system in a society. Third, Tim Burton created fear using the image of a live dead body, shape of a devil, shape of death. Also, accessories suddenly changed into arms in his movies. He expressed Satanism by positively describing satanic shapes and shapes meaning death. Next, characters in Tim Burton's movies are mainly losers, aliens or outsiders. Sorrow, alienation and darkness inside them expressed the sadness through embodiment of mean animals in darkness, masks, veils and extreme black costumes. Finally, Sensuality was rarely shown in Tim Burton's movies, but expressed in various ways including pursuit of new beauty in excessive exposure, skintight silhouette, suggestion on sexualized violence and frightfulness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.14-28
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• 2013

This study aims to identify the elements of black culture and use it to analyze the formative characteristics of casual fashion items as well as the symbolic meanings presented in the graphic designs of the items. First of all, in order to distinguish the identity of black culture, this study made a division into racial, social, and artistic aspects based on cultural specificities of Stuart Hall, a culture theorist. This was for a theoretical review and based on this review, a theoretical framework was developed to analyze the characteristics of American casual fashion design of black people. The case study selected 1719 fashion images of 137 male brands and 33 female brands from websites of companies manufacturing casual wear of black people in America. The following is a summary of the study results. The conceptual characteristics based on specificities of black culture can be categorized into ten attributes: playfulness in order to digest human grief and emotion positively, satire of the mainstream society, spontaneity through emotional expression from the heart, abstractness of various emotions elating suffering, humor trying to express negative aspects as the meaning of light and innocent laughter, dependence with passive attitudes toward discrimination and master-slave relationships in history, resistance against discrimination and disadvantages, African orientation and primitiveness pursuing natural conditions, aggressiveness against violence and unfair treatment, and confidence and defiance against social deprivation and corruption. Based on the results of an analysis through formative classification system founded on racial, social, and artistic aspects of black people, specificities of black culture are of formative characteristics of their casual fashion design. These elements are presented on graphic t-shirts through strong colors, loose silhouette, and details with many pockets. These characteristics were reflected in symbolic meanings presented in the graphic.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.75-81
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose an emotion messenger which recognizes face or hand gestures of a user using a WebCAM, converts recognized emotions (joy, anger, grief, happiness) to flash-cones, and transmits them to the counterpart. This messenger consists of face recognition module, hand gesture recognition module, and messenger module. In the face recognition module, it converts each region of the eye and the mouth to a binary image and recognizes wink, kiss, and yawn according to shape change of the eye and the mouth. In hand gesture recognition module, it recognizes gawi-bawi-bo according to the number of fingers it has recognized. In messenger module, it converts wink, kiss, and yawn recognized by the face recognition module and gawi-bawi-bo recognized by the hand gesture recognition module to flash-cones and transmits them to the counterpart. Through simulation, we confirmed that CPU share ratio of the emotion messenger is minimized. Moreover, with respect to recognition ratio, we show that the hand gesture recognition module performs better than the face recognition module.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2001

This study focused on the understanding the life of the elderly in the institution by phenomenological method. The participants were seven. who were 4 men and 3 women living in the elderly institution in Taegu. The data were collected through the indepth interviews and participant observation from June 20. 1999 to January 10. 2000 and analyzed by phenomenological analytic method by Giorgi. The structure of the meaning were as follows: Unhappy life: irresponsibility. self-centered thought. hardness. Irresistible life: misfortune. unhealthiness. Reading their son's intention. Bitter life: unfair treatment from their sons and daughters, betrayed feeling for their being thrown away. Outside oriented life: a fear of others' attention, wrong information about institutionalized life, maladjustment. Self-consolation life: comfortableness, convenience, economic merit of low cost. Dissatisfied life: discomfort from communal living. unkindness of the institution staffs, depreciated tendency to the elder people, irrational social security system. economic distress, physical pain, restrained feeling. Tenacity to their sons and daughters longingness for their sons and daughters, regretableness, waiting, Regretable life: remorse for their past life. agony, guilty, loneliness, grief, self-abandonment, self-depreciation, other residents' death in common. Inharmonious life with other residents complaint, conflict, ignorance, selfishness. Yearning life for opposite sex: sexual interest. Preparing for their life: control over their body and mind, consideration for others. A life with hope: blessing death, forever healthfulness, affiliation to their family. From the results of this study an education and consultation should be done as soon as possible to remove the negative recognition of the institutional life to the facility residents. the family and the future consumers of elderly institution. To minimize the maladjustment to facility life of residents, a new program and interventions for the new comer's are needed. The thesis with above results will widen the understandings of institutional residents and an important guidance for a better nursing care in elderly institutions of korea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.372-380
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• 2012

This study investigates the examples of memorials in which participants can communicate and interact. Memorials as an urban public space provide various information and experiences to the visitors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of participants' experience and the characteristics of memorial space. The 9 examples of the memorials are selected and analyzed by the experience type of participants. This study summarizes the characteristics of spatial representation of memorials as follow; first, the interactions and communications of participants are main considerations in designing memorials. This study defines three types of participants' experience in memorials as educational, emotional and daily urban experiences. Second, the memorial space providing educational experience has narrative characteristics which are explanatory, representational, hierarchical and figurative. Memorials represent historical events and individuals in figurative ways. Participants in memorials learn the event, mourn for the dead and cure the grief through walking the guided route. Third, the memorial space providing emotional experience is indeterminate and open-ended characteristics which are contemplative, symbolic, and abstractive. While participants try to find the way to walk through and understand the meaning of the abstract forms by themselves, they interface the event and the victims in private and individual ways. Fourth, the memorial space providing daily urban experience is the familiar urban facilities embedded remembrance such as memorial square, bridge and fountain. Symbolism of memorials and effectiveness of urban facilities are engaged into the memorial design. They have functional, participatory, interactive and recreational characteristics. People experience the memorials involuntarily and casually during their daily lives. The memorials with urban facilities can be related to the present and the future of the city as well as the past of the city.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.23
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• pp.71-102
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of being adopted that adopted children have experienced. To achieve this purpose, researchers contacted adopted children and adoptive parents, collected data through in-depth interview and document, and analysed these data using case study approach. 23 adopted children over three ages and their parents were interviewed for this study. Participants were classified into three groups(3~5 ages, 6 ages, over 7 ages) based on their age. Researchers investigated the changes of the meaning of being adopted by age. The major findings were follows: First, the meaning of being adopted that adopted children have experienced was changed from 6 ages. Second, this study analyzed that the meaning of being adopted was love born by heart at 3~5 ages, inevitable grief at 6 ages and first step of adoptive person over 7 ages. Based on the findings, this study suggested practice guidelines to help adoptive children and their family.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.149-207
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• 2010

Written simultaneously with Prometheus Unbound, Shelley's "Julian & Maddalo" is a masterwork of dramatic poiesis, of doubling embedded in its couplets, dialogic debate on human nature and contrasted symbolic emblems. The emblems mirror each other and are themselves sites of generative paradox: the "heaven illumined" but "dreary tower" of the Maniac and the glorious sunsets on the "ever-shifting sand" of the Lido, a wasteland that is a place of self discovery but also of "abandonment" and barren mingling figured, inter alia, in its "amphibious weeds," a trope of the poem's personae. This essay also explores the poem's dramatic structure and various rhetorical devices, beginning with the Preface, a threshold of complex identity disguise that Shelley uses for veiled self-presentation, as in "Alastor," mirroring and literary references replete with nuanced ironies. I focus mainly on the complex figures of liminality Shelley uses to develop his own thoughts (as well as his ongoing debates with Byron) about man's potential for growth in thought, insight and empathy, in political reform and interpersonal and individual healing. Advancing Shelley's most optimistic ideas, Julian, escorted by Maddalo observes the Maniac, -- a living ruin whose pained eloquence reveals the link of eros to poiesis and the limits of the latter's ability to 'transform a world.' The Maniac is the core of muse-work (remembering, thinking and song) and Shelley presents him as its emblem. He also is prefigured in and reflects the quintessentially liminal Lido with its "barren embrace" of sea and land. Yet it is less the Maniac's feeling that his grief is "charactered in vain…on this unfeeling leaf" than Julian's rationales for leaving the site of pain that point to Shelley's final comment on poetry's transformative limits. As the primary haploids of the drama's meiosis re-combine and two of them, Maddalo and the maniac fall away, an analogy I briefly develop and embedded in the erotic dynamics of poiesis, Shelley suggests, as he did at the beginning of his poetic lyricism in "Alastor" and at its end in "the Triumph of Life"that images mislead and delude; that "the deep truth is imageless" and redemption is not in but beyond figuration.