• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2017

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of private industry of Chungcheongbuk-do were estimated. GHG emissions were classified by industry and GHG emissions ratio of each industry of Chungcheongbuk-do was found. Characteristics of GHG emissions of Chungcheongbuk-do and GHG mitigation technology were analyzed. To calculate GHG emissions, equations proposed through GHG emissions calculation guidelines published by Korean Energy Agency in 2009 were used. As a result, GHG emissions ratio of cement, semiconductor, paper and petrochemical industry was about 73%, 16%, 5%, and 2% respectively. GHG mitigation technologies of cement, semiconductor and waste were investigated. For cement, amine technology, for semiconductor, scrubber system and for waste, land fill gas utilization were analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2017

Climate change has been identified as one with the greatest challenges facing nations, government, business and over future decades. Activities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by the Kyoto Protocol, the international community has been in progress. Korea also has introduced the Emission trading system to reduce greenhouse emission from the supervision of the government. Greenhouse gases emissions quantity should be internationally recognized. Mutual Recognition Arrangement should be recognized as the same greenhouse gas emission. International recognition of domestic verification body of international mutual recognition is required. Efforts are needed to secure the equivalence between the emission rights through direct cooperation with the relative nation accreditation body. Early entry into the IAF/PAC GHG MLA is essential for demonstrating equivalence between greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions trading will also require connection to the EU ETS, California, USA, and Tokyo, Japan to link Emissions trading. In the case of establishing accreditation standards and accreditation criteria, it will be necessary to distinguish between the domestic Energy Target Management System and the Emission Trading System. Independent greenhouse gases verification bodies should be established to meet the requirements of IAF and PAC. It is necessary to revise the qualification criteria for the verification of the greenhouse gas verification body according to international standards requirements. It is necessary to support the role of accreditation bodies of domestic greenhouse gas verification bodies. It is required to join international organizations of international mutual recognition of international trade and the need for pilot projects to link greenhouse gas emissions. The core link to our emission trading system is called EU-ETS, and we will need to join the IAF/PAC GHG MLA GHG. The International Mutual Recognition Agreement (IAF) is expected to allow international interoperability of GHG emissions verification between EA and the PAC. By signing a PAC GHG MLA, it will need to be prepared to prepare for the pilot project to link the emission trading system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2017

Climate change is the biggest environmental issue of our times. A variety of activities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been in progress to observe the Kyoto Protocol. Especially, the Energy Target Scheme is created to reduce greenhouse emission with the supervision of Korean government. This includes Green-house Gas Information Systems to promote activities in the private sector to reduce green-house gas emissions, to cut a cost of energy use, and to reduce GHG emissions. Also, the system has calculated the amount of greenhouse gases. Without any additional investment, 2.75% savings are increased over the previous year. In service sector, a cooperation of customers and employees is necessary. A reduction of GHG emissions requires a proper service organization, considering an amount of investment and payback period. Without any additional investment or replacement, employees can save energy easily turning off ventilation systems an hour before employees' departure, installing timers to turn off water purifiers and vending machines after some period of no use. The Green-house Gas Information System is similar to that of Environmental Management System. However, the Excel is the best program to calculate an amount of green-house gas emissions, and to assess for a reduced amount of GHG emissions. A goal of this research is to propose a practical method in the private sector to calculate an amount of green-house gases. The Green-house gas Information System based on Excel spreadsheet gives standards for good evaluation. The greenhouse gas information system establishes and executes the policies and objectives related to greenhouse gas emissions Similar to ISO 14001 environment management system structures, the advantages of using simplified Excel Sheet for calculating GHG emissions and reducing GHG emissions are easy to access.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.536-543
• /
• 2011

The previous researches on railway sector have focused on the total greenhouse gas(GHG) emission through national approaches. The aim of this study was to calculate GHG emission at a local government level to measure each city's GHG intensity on rail transportation. This study followed 'the guidelines for local government greenhouse gas inventory(issued by Korea Environment Corporation)' including VKT(Vehicle kilometers Travelled) methodology for railway inventory at a metropolitan area. As a result, the gyeongsangbuk-do emitted the highest GHG emissions at a local government level, followed by chungcheongnam-do and chungcheongbuk-do in 2006. Among several cities, Gimcheon-city emitted the highest GHG at basic government level in 2006. In future, the calculation of GHG emissions at local government level can be applied to establish various policies for GHG reduction.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.209-223
• /
• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Korea agricultural productions and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions based on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Design/methodology/approach - This study utilized time series data of economic growth, greenhouse gas, agricultural productions, trade dependency, and energy usages. In order to econometric procedure of EKC hypothesis, this study utilized unit root test and cointegration test to check staionarity of each variable and also adopted Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to analyze the short and long run relationships. Findings - In the short run, greenhouse gas emissions resulting from economic growth show an inverse U-shape relationship, and an increase in agricultural production and energy consumption led to increase in greenhouse gas emission. In the long run, total GHG emissions and CO2 emissions show an N-shaped relationship with economic growth, and an increase in agricultural production has resulted in a decrease in total GHG and CO2 emissions. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions showed an inverse U-shape relationship with economic growth, which indicated the environment and production process of agricultural production. Research implications or Originality - Korea agricultural production has different effects on the GHG emission sources, and in particular, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions show to increase as the agricultural production expansions, so policy or technological development in related sector is required. Especially, in the context of the 2030 GHG reduction road-map, if GHG-related reduction technologies or policies are spread, national GHG emission reduction targets can be achieved and this is possible to predict the decline in production in the sector and damage to the related industries.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.393-402
• /
• 2017

In this study, greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions from bioenergy (biogas, biomass) have been estimated in Korea, 2015. This study for construction of reduction inventories as direct and indirect reduction sources was derived from IPCC 2006 guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, guidelines for local government greenhouse inventories published in 2016, also purchased electricity and steam indirect emission factors obtained from KPX, GIR respectively. As a result, the annual GHG reductions were estimated as $1,860,000tonCO_{2eq}$ accounting for 76.8% of direct reduction (scope 1) and 23.2% of indirect reduction (scope 2). Estimation of individual greenhouse gases (GHGs) from biogas appeared that $CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$ were $90,000tonCO_2$ (5.5%), $55,000tonCH_4$ (94.5%), $0.3tonN_2O$ (0.004%), respectively. In addition, biomass was $250,000tonCO_2$ (107%), $-300tonCH_4$ (-3.2%), $-33tonN_2O$ (-3.9%). For understanding the values of estimation method levels, field data (this study) appeared to be approximately 85.47% compared to installed capacity. In details, biogas and biomass resulting from field data showed to be 76%, 74% compared to installed capacity, respectively. In the comparison of this study and CDM project with GHG reduction unit per year installed capacity, this study showed as 42% level versus CDM project. Scenario analysis of GHG reductions potential from bioenergy was analyzed that generation efficiency, availability and cumulative distribution were significantly effective on reducing GHG.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.173-177
• /
• 2020

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been recognized as one of the significant greenhouse gas (GHG) generators, due to the complex biochemical reaction and huge consumption of energy and materials. Recently, WWTPs have been built underground and they will be confronted with the challenges of mitigating GHG emissions and improving the quality of treated wastewater. Here, we focus on estimating GHG emissions to set up effective management plans for a WWTP built underground. First, we apply the process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) with an inventory database of the underground WWTP for a case study. Then, we identify significant factors affecting GHG emissions during service life using sensitivity analysis and suggest the proper tactics that could properly reduce GHG emissions from the WWTP.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.407-421
• /
• 2018

In this paper, I analyze the GHG (greenhouse gas) emission factor of the domestic railway transportation sector using the LMDI (Log Mean Divisia Index) methodology. These GHG factors are the emission factor effect, energy intensity effect, transportation intensity effect, and economic activity effect. The analysis period was from 2011 to 2016, and the analysis objects were an intercity railway, wide area railway, and urban railway. The results show that the GHG emission of railway transportation sector decreased during these 6 years. The factors decreasing the GHG emission are the emission factor effect, energy intensity effect, and transportation intensity effect, while the factor increasing the GHG emission is the economic activity effect.

• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 2016

Waste sector has been a target of abatement policies by the most governments, even though its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is not so high, since it is related to almost of other sectors. This study propose new GHG calculation equations which resolves logical contradiction of IPCC GL (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Guideline) equations by including waste-to-energy effects. According to two GHG calculation equations, GHG emission inventory and BAU by the year 2050 have been computed. And GHG abatement potential and marginal cost for the five abatement policies carefully selected from the previous researches have been calculated for the year 2020. The policy that makes solid fuel like RDF from flammable wastes and uses them as combustion fuel of electricity generations has been found to be the most efficient and effective one among five policies. The cumulative abatement amount when five policies not mutually exclusive are applied sequentially has been reckoned.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.383-389
• /
• 2011

The negative fishery factors from an environmental perspective are greenhouse gas emissions due to high fossil fuel use, destruction of underwater ecosystems by bottom trawls, a reduction in resources by fishing, and damage to ecosystem diversity. In particular, the greenhouse gas emissions from fisheries is an important issue based on the Cancun meeting in Mexico in 1992 and the Kyoto protocol in 2005. However, no investigations on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries have been conducted. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the Korean fishery industry is needed as a first step to identify a method to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of GHG emitted from fisheries. Here, we calculated the GHG emissions from four main Korean fisheries(i.e., large trawls, large purse seines, Danish seines, and bottom pair trawls) using the life cycle assessment(LCA) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level were defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficient of each fishery was also calculated. The GHG emissions from edible seafood were calculated considering different consuming areas. The results will be helpful to understand GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.