• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1997

Plug seedlings of bell pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were grown for 50 days in controlled environment chambers under 12 hrs per day photoperiodic condition with sixteen different day and night temperature regimes to investigate the possibility of height control. The seedlings were then transplanted to greenhouse to investigate the growth, flowering, and yield afterward. Plant height and stem length of seedlings were mainly affected by day temperature rather than night temperature. Internode elongation was suppressed by a negative DIF and was enhanced by a positive DIF even with the same average daily temperature (ADT). Leaf unfolding rate was influenced more by ADT than by DIF. Fresh and dry weights increased as ADT increased. Leaf area and stem diameter increased until temperature increased up to 24$^{\circ}C$ day and night temperature and decreased above 24$^{\circ}C$, The position at which the first flower was initiated was lowered as ADT increased. The first flower degeneration was not obvious up to 24$^{\circ}C$ ADT but increased rapidly above 24$^{\circ}C$ ADT. Seedling compactness(Dry weight per plant height :mg.mm$^{-1}$ ) was greater under -DIF than +DIF condition. In conclusion, DIF treatment was an applicable technique to control stem elongation and growth rate such as leaf unfolding rate and position at which first flower was initiated could be controlled by ADT.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.285-290
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• 2016

In rural area, our farmers confront decreasing benefits owing to imported crops and increased cost. Recently, the government encourage the 6th Industry that merges farming, rural resources, and information and communication technology. Therefor the government makes an investment in supplying 'smart greenhouse' in which a farmer monitor growing crops and environment information to control growing condition. The objective of this study is developing an Moving Monitor and Control System for crops in green House. This system includes a movable sensing unit, a controlling unit, and a server PC unit. The movable sensing unit contains high resolution IP camera, temperature and humidity sensor and WiFi repeater. It rolls on a rail hanging beneath the ceiling of a green house. The controlling unit contains embedded PC, PLC module, WiFi router, and BLDC motor to drive the movable sensing unit. And the server PC unit contains a integrated farm management software and home pages and databases in which the images of crops and environment informations. The movable sensing unit moves widely in a green house and gathers lots of information. The server saves these informations and provides them to customers with the direct commercing web page. This system will help farmers to control house environment and sales their crops in online market. Eventually It will be helpful for farmers to increase their benefits.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2719-2726
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the scientific basic grounds for the assessment of health and environmental diseases resulting from air pollutants in Pohang. For this study, we investigated pollutants, weather characteristics and concentration distribution of fine particles ($PM_10$) yearly and each season, using data from Air Quality Monitoring Stations. The properties of concentration distribution and seasonal fluctuation of $PM_10$ were studied qualitatively and quantitatively using CALPUFF, air dispersion model. The average concentration of $PM_10$ for each season was spring($75.7{\mu}g/m^3$)>summer($56.8{\mu}g/m^3$)>winter($53.6{\mu}g/m^3$)>fall( $52.7{\mu}g/m^3$). In the case of spring, high concentrations appear due to the Asian dust frequently occurring. The contributions of $PM_10$ classified by the types of pollution source in Pohang were point source 62%>mobile source 33%>area source 5%. An important point is that 97% of emissions were produced from the iron manufacture in steel industry. Therefore, it is necessary to control the emission sources of pollutants and to construct an observation system at Pohang steel industrial complex from now on. It’s time to control the risk factors for health and environmental disease to protect the health of resident in Pohang and its neighboring areas.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_2
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• pp.1053-1065
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• 2019

Land use statistics calculation is very informative data as the activity data for calculating exact carbon absorption and emission in post-2020. To effective interpretation by land use category, This study classify automatically image interpretation by land use category applying forest aerial photography (FAP) to deep learning model and calculate national unit statistics. Dataset (DS) applied deep learning is divided into training dataset (training DS) and test dataset (test DS) by extracting image of FAP based national forest resource inventory permanent sample plot location. Training DS give label to image by definition of land use category and learn and verify deep learning model. When verified deep learning model, training accuracy of model is highest at epoch 1,500 with about 89%. As a result of applying the trained deep learning model to test DS, interpretation classification accuracy of image label was about 90%. When the estimating area of classification by category using sampling method and compare to national statistics, consistency also very high, so it judged that it is enough to be used for activity data of national GHG (Greenhouse Gas) inventory report of LULUCF sector in the future.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.414-423
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• 2016

Growers in plug seedling production think that root media in which rockwool is a component has given rise to several environmental problems. Therefore, the demand for new materials as a substitute for rockwool has been increased. This study examined the possibility of cultivation of tomato plug seedlings using a newly developed growing medium with phenolic foam. Plug seeds of tomato cultivar 'Madison' were sown in four pellet-type growing media: Grodan rockwool (GRW), UR rockwool (URW), phenolic foam LC (LC) or phenolic foam LC-lite (LC-lite). Then, the seedlings were transplanted to the four cube-type growing media 19 days after sowing. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber ($25{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 80% relative humidity, and dark) for 4 days and then the seedlings were grown with a nutrient solution supplied by an overhead irrigation system in a greenhouse. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and fresh or dry weight of tomato seedlings were the greatest for the seedlings transplanted to URW cube media after being grown on LC-lite pellets. Root grade was the greatest for the seedlings transplanted on LC or LC-lite cube media after being grown on LC pellets. Chemical properties of all media tested for tomato growth were maintained within a stable range, while physical properties of URW showed high values in container capacity, air space, and total porosity. These results demonstrated that the phenolic foam media were effective for seedling growth and can substitute for rockwool as a root medium.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.253-266
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• 1999

ADEOS(Advanced Earth Observing Satellite)/IMG(Interferometric Monitor for Greenhouse Gases) measurements - temperature, water vapor($H_2O$), ozone($O_3$) have been compared with the radio sonde and ozone sonde observations at Osan and Pohang stations for the 4 cases on 10 Jan.(a), 28 Jan.(b), 2 Apr.(c), and 19 Jun.(d) 1997 to detect the error ranges of the IMG data. It showed that the IMG data of the cases (b), (d) when the ADEOS passed over the central part of Korea were quite stable with the good agreement with the sonde observations, however, that of (a),(c) when the ADEOS passed over south- east coastal area were unstable with the larger differences from the sonde-observations. The RMSE and bias analyses of temperature for the stable cases (b),(d) showed that the differences between the IMG data and the sonde observations were about 1~4 K at the 700~300 hPa level and about 4~5 K or more at the higher level, and the IMG measurements tended to be larger than the sonde observations at the higher level above 200 hPa, while no typical bias was seen at the lower level. The RMSE and bias analysis for the version of level 2 5_6_4_4 of ozone showed that the RMSE of ozone were quite small, in general, except at the higher level above 50~60 hPa in the all 4 cases, however the bias was generally big with the positive value in the troposphere and the negative in the stratosphere. An example of vertical profile of trace gases such as $CO_2, N_2O, CH_4, HNO_3$, CO measured by IMG was also presented and it showed that the IMG data had large differences between the 5 different observation points.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1220-1225
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• 2011

Anaerobic decomposition of organic materials in flooded rice fields produces methane ($CH_4$) gas, which escapes to the atmosphere primarily by transport through organs of the rice plants such as arenchyma etc., Although the annual amount of methane emitted from a given area is influenced by cultivation periods of rice and organic/inorganic amendments etc., soil type also affects methane emission from paddy soil during a rice cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of soil type on $CH_4$ emission in two paddy soils. One is a red-yellow soil classified as a Hwadong series (fine, mixed, mesic family of Aquic Hapludalfs), and the other is a gley soil classified as a Shinheung series (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts). During a flooded periods, redox potentials of red-yellow soil were significantly higher than gley soil. $CH_4$ emission in red-yellow soil ($0.21kg\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$) was lower than that in gley soil ($5.25kg\;ha^{-1}\;day^{-1}$). In the condition of different soil types, $CH_4$ emissions were mainly influenced by the content of total free metal oxides in paddy soil. The results strongly imply that iron- or manganese-oxides of well ordered crystalline forms in soil such as goethite and hematite influenced on a $CH_4$ emission, which is crucial role as a $CH_4$ oxidizers in paddy soil during a rice cultivation.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.764-771
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• 2018

Domestic and foreign agricultural environments nowadays are undergoing various changes such as aging of agricultural population, increase of earned population, rapid climate change, diversification of agricultural product distribution structure, depletion of water resources and limited cultivation area. In order to respond to various environmental changes in recent agriculture, practical use of Smart Greenhouse to easily record, store and manage crop production information such as crop growing information, growth environment and agriculture work log, Interest is growing. In this paper, we propose a system that collects the situation information necessary for growth such as temperature, humidity, solar radiation, CO2 concentration, and monitor the collected data, which can be measured in the rhizosphere of the crop. We have developed a system that collects data such as temperature, humidity, radiation, and growth environment data, which are measured by data obtained from the rhizosphere measuring section of a growing crop and measured by a sensor, and transmitted to a wireless communication gateway of 400 MHz. We developed the integrated SW that can monitor the rhythm environment data and visualize the data by using cloud based data. We can monitor by graph format and data format for visualization of data. The existing smart farm managed crops and facilities using only the data within the farm, and this study suggested the most efficient growth environment by collecting and analyzing the weather and growth environment of the farms nationwide.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2019

The proportion of farm households in the total population is decreasing every year. The aging of rural areas is expected to deepen. The aging of agriculture is continuing due to the aging of the aged population and the decline of the young population, and agricultural manpower shortage is emerging as a threat to agriculture and rural areas. The existing facility cultivation was concentrated on the production / yield per unit area. However, nowadays, not only production but also crop quality should be good so that the quality of crops must be improved because they can secure competitiveness in the market. Therefore, the government plans to increase the productivity by hi-techization of ICT infrastructure horticulture and to plan the dissemination of energy saving smart greenhouse. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Smart Farm convergence service system based on a hybrid algorithm to enhance diversity and connectivity. Therefore, this study aims to develop smart farm convergence service system which collects data of growth environment of the rhizosphere environment of crops by wireless and monitor smartphone.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.476-482
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• 2019

Regulatory protocols such as the Convention on Climate Change and the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions act as catalysts for the development of high-efficiency energy equipment and the efficient use of energy. Among the fields where energy consumption is high, the electric heating equipment is not efficient. The electric boiler mainly uses a method of circulating water by contacting the heater. When the existing electric boiler is used, the water minerals are contacted with the high-temperature heater to be carbonized and adsorbed, thereby promoting the corrosion of the heater and lowering the efficiency of the heater. For this reason, an electric induction boiler, which has high energy efficiency and is applied to an induction heating system that can uniformly heat the object to be heated rather than conduction or convection heating, is in the limelight. This method induces a boiler pipe And it is recognized as an alternative that can solve the problem that occurs when heating is performed by direct heating. Despite the fact that research on induction heating has been conducted for a relatively long period of time, there have been few studies on the electrothermal technology using induction heating. Therefore, in this paper, to improve the heat efficiency of electric induction boiler, the influence of the cross sectional area, number of windings and winding layers is analyzed by finite element method through parametric study method. The method of finding the design point which maximizes the total loss is proposed by the alternating winding design method which can maximize the heat generation by analyzing copper and iron losses.