• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2009

Greenbelts were designated by the Korean government in 1971 in 14 large cities to prevent uncontrolled urban expansion. Recently, deregulation of the greenbelt system has resulted in further development, but the ecological role of greenbelts has not been fully considered when decisions about urban management are being made. We examined the ecological roles of the greenbelt system in the Seoul metropolitan area and prepared sustainable management and improvement plans based on our analysis of landscape characteristics using satellite images covering a ${\sim}30$-year period. The loss of forest cover during this period in the greenbelt areas was lower than that in the areas outside and inside of the greenbelt. Fragmentation of forest cover was correlated with the pattern of loss of forest cover. The NDVI of the greenbelt remained steady at 90% of that in outside of the GB for three decades. This suggests that the greenbelt system has performed its primary roles well. However, the remaining green space was not adequate to provide a sink for air pollutants even when the greenbelt area was included. We discuss how the negative effects of urbanization can be reduced through sustainable management and restoration to promote ecological functioning in greenbelts and urban landscapes.

• 도시과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the relations among greenbelt, urban land surface temperature empirically in order to assess the environmental effects of the greenbelt in the Seoul metropolitan area, objectively. For this purpose, this study conducts an empirical analysis of impacts of greenbelt on urban land surface temperature using a multiple-regression model. The main data employed in the analysis include real-time air pollution data, Landsat 8-OLI Landsat imagery data, KLIS data and Jip-gye-gu data. The major findings are summarized as follows. NDVI has a negative (-) correlation with the land surface temperature, and the urban temperature is high in areas with poor vegetation. The land surface temperature is low in residential or commercial areas, while the temperature is high in industrial areas. The temperature is low in green fields, open spaces, and river areas. it is found that the urban land surface temperature is low in the greenbelt zone. In the greenbelt zone, there is an effect that reduces the land surface temperature by 1% on average, as compared to that at the center of the Seoul metropolitan area. Especially, the center of the Seoul metropolitan area, in a range from 0.6% to 1.9% of the average temperature, the temperature gets lower up to approximately 3km from the greenbelt boundary.

• 도시과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the relations among greenbelt, air pollution empirically in order to assess the environmental effects of the greenbelt in the Seoul metropolitan area, objectively. For this purpose, this study conducts an empirical analysis of impacts of greenbelt on urban air pollution using a multiple-regression model. The major findings are summarized as follows. As a result of an empirical analysis of the impacts of greenbelt on air pollution, it is found that the characteristics of the city have impacts on air pollution concentration. It is found that the population and employment are the causes of increases in CO and NO2 concentrations, and the number of employees in the manufacturers has impacts on increases of O3 and SO2, while power plants have impacts on PM10, CO and NO2. Intersections have impacts on O3 and SO2, while the areas of the roads have impacts on CO and NO2. In addition, as for the spatial distribution of air pollutants, it is found that CO and NO2 concentrations are relatively higher in the center of the Seoul metropolitan area, while PM10, O3 and SO2 concentrations are relatively higher in the suburbs. It is found that air pollution concentration is low in greenbelt zone. In the greenbelt zone, PM10, CO and SO2 concentrations are low.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

중국의 사막화로 인해 발생된 황사 방지대책의 일환으로 우리나라의 전문시민단체와 기업에서는 2008년부터 매년 황사발생 원인지역에 나문재를 파종하고 있다. 이와 관련하여 황사발생 원인지역의 녹지 환경 조성 계획을 위해서는 대상지의 녹지화 현황 분석이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 녹지 환경의 조성 현황을 파악하고 분석하기 위해 Landsat 5 TM 위성영상과 Landsat 8 위성영상을 기반으로 영상분류를 통한 녹지 환경을 분석하였으며, 소금사막 내부의 상세한 녹지 환경 및 식생지수를 파악하기 위해 NDVI를 이용한 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 2009년에서 2011년 사이에는 소금사막과 나대지가 대폭 감소하고 녹지가 증가하는 녹지화가 효율적으로 진행된 반면, 2011년에서 2013년 사이에는 녹지 면적이 급격히 감소하고 나대지가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 2011년 이후 녹지 환경 조성에 어려움이 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 녹지화 사업 시 위성영상을 이용한 사업 수행이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2004

다수의 국내 재래종 중에서 선발 육성된 ‘동장군’의 주요 특성은 잎이 가늘고 길며, 부추 고유의 향기가 강하고 부추잎의 vitamin C 함량이 높은 품종이었다. 개체당 분얼력이 왕성하고, 예취후 잎의 재생기간이 빠르다. 개화기는 7월 18일로 ‘그린벨트’에 비해 10일 정도 빠르고 개화기간은 다소 짧은 편이다. 화경당 꽃수나 종자수는 대비품종에 비해 적은 편이었다. 잿빛 곰팡이병에 대한 저항성은 약한 편이며 저온에 대한 내성은 비교적 강하다. 3년간 생체수량을 검토한 결과 ‘그린벨트’에 비해 3회 예취 평균수량이 6% 증수되었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.867-878
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• 2011

Development restriction areas (greenbelt areas) of Korea were recognized in 1970 as a means to control urban sprawl and conserve the natural environment. Although there have been some achievements, for a long time many planners and residents have requested a redefining of the green belt due to individual property rights restrictions and urban management problems. In fact, a lot of the greenbelt area is being destroyed by urban development. Therefore, conservation of ecological spaces in the green belt is needed to maintain urban naturalness. In this regard, this study suggests efficient methods to manage the greenbelt through the adoption of a landscape ecological value assessment. The greenbelt of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) is represented as the case study because there has been mounting pressure to develop the area in Korea. In this study, the assessment of the landscape ecology in the greenbelt area focuses on landscape structure and function. The assessment consists of the following steps: First, patches were derived by NDVI analysis using landsat remote sensing data. Second, characteristics of the patches were quantified by analyzing the landscape structure, such as patch size and shape index. Lastly, the gravity model and least cost path analysis to assess connectivity were applied to evaluate the landscape function in the green belt areas. The assessment result showed that 48.45% of green belt area should be conserved to maintain ecological stability and function. Moreover, major ecological networks were identified near the large patches in the northern and southern areas. However, relative low ecological values were identified in the western part of the green belt area due to the lack of green spaces. Furthermore, some development plans in the green belt were also identified near the conservation area. Based on these results, the restoration needed areas to enhance ecological value in green belt were displayed. This study suggests efficient management of the greenbelt area, which is disappearing as a result of urban development. The area for conservation chosen in this study should be managed carefully in urban planning. Finally, the results of this study can be used in green belt polices and plans for the promotion of ecological naturalness and stability.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2015

The greenbelt of South Korea has been under the process of adjustment and removal since its first designated year. This research is aimed at predicting the effect that the removal of the greenbelt has on urban growth. The SLEUTH model was executed via three calibration phases using historical data between 1990 and 2010. The urban growth of Busan Metropolitan City was predicted under its historical trend, as well as two different scenarios including development and compact development up to the year 2030. The accuracy of model, as verified by ROC, was 85.7%. The historical trend scenario showed the smallest increase, with the urban area expanding from 175.96 km² to 214.68 km² in 2030. Scenario 2, the development scenario, showed the most increase, with a 39.9% growth rate from 2010 to 2030. However, according to scenario 3, the compact development scenario, the urban area decreased in comparison to scenario 2. Accordingly, it is necessary to have effective urban growth management to provoke eco-friendly development on the removed areas, and to strengthen the non-removed areas for sustainable development. The results obtained in this study showed that the SLEUTH model can be useful for predicting urban growth, and that it can help policy makers establish proper urban planning as a decision-support tool for sustainable development.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1025-1034
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• 2010

This study was to analyze changes of landuse and environmental value of cultivate land for eight years from 1999 to 2007 year in greenbelt area, Seoul. Greenbelt area decreased from $166.82\;km^2$ in 1999 to $156.50\;km^2$ in 2007 according to removal policy. Regarding landuse status in 2007, forest field area accounted for 64.16 %, dry paddy area 4.10 %, facilitated farming area 3.82 %, rice paddy area 2.95 % out of total greenbelt area. Cultivate land occupied wide spaces with dry paddy area, facilitated farming area, tree nursery in Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu and Gangdong-gu. Changes of landuse were serious in Seocho-gu. The trend of changes of landuse for eight years is that rice paddy area was changed dry paddy area by laying the ground and dry paddy area was changed facilitated farming area for intensive agriculture. Rice paddy area could change without permission by laying the ground in below 50 cm height and it was changed to green houses due to increase in profit and modern policy of agriculture. It is nessary to monitor landuse regularly, improve regulation for change of landuse, compensate a property loss for maintaining environmental value in greenbelt area.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1989

This work was carried out to investigate the pollution of heavy metals and pH in soil, collected from the 156 sampling sites in 1987. 1. In the average contents of Cd, the highest value was 0.40 mg/kg in the Outskirt of Seoul area, the lowest value was 0.11 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.21∼0.39 mg/kg in the other areas. 2. In the average contents of Cu, the highest value was 32.50 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 2.96 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 9.53∼24.41 mg/kg in the other areas. 3. In the average contents of As, the highest value was 1.32 mg/kg in the Reclamated waste area, the lowest value was 0.31 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 0.93∼1.32 mg/kg in the other areas. 4. In the average contents of Zn, the highest value was 27.33 mg/kg in the Center of city area, the lowest value was 9.97 mg/kg in the Greenbelt area, and 12.47∼25.23 mg/kg in the other areas. 5. In the average contents of Pb, the highest value was 125.25 mg/kg in the Motorway area, the lowest value was 12.99 mg/kg in the Farming area, and 17.01∼77.71 mg/kg in the other areas. 6. In the average contents of pH, the highest value was pH 7.08 in the Motorway area, the lowest value was pH 4.14 in the Greenbelt area, and pH 5.67～7.04 in the other areas. 7. The order of the distribution of heavy metals was Pb>Zn>Cu>As>Cd. There was significanthy correlation between Cd-Zn, Pb-Zn, Cu-Cd, Pb-Cu and Pb-Cd (p<0.01).

• 동굴
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• 제65호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2004

Greenbelt Zones or park areas such as cave areas have strong zoning restrictions that prevent developments. However, whenever it is needed to free the restrictions for development, planning departments are faced with the problems of which part in the area should select. Especially when households are scattered in small groups, there must be a clear guidelines in order to determine the areas having high potential for development while minimizing resistance from the residents. The methodologies should include means to incorporate many different aspects of decision elements. This study presents strategies to choose groups of residents by employing the concentration index of them and means to incorporate preferences among different decision factors using the AHP method.