• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.337-352
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• 1999

The effects of dried leaf powders and ethanol extract of persimmon, green tea and pine needle on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative activity were investigated in rats. Forty-nine male Spargue-Dawley rats weighing 107.8$\pm$1.8g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with diets containing either 5%(w/w) dried leaf powders of one of three different Korea traditional teas, persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb), green tea(Camellia Sinensis O.Ktzc)or pine needle(pinus Koreansis Sieb. Et Zucc), or ethanol from equal amounts of each dried tea powder. Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and weights of liver, kidney and epididymal fat were significantly higher in the green-tea-powder group, and significantly lower in the pine-needle-powder and pine-needle-extract groups. Persimmon-leaf powder was found to decrease plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentration by increasing fecal total lipid triglyceride and cholesterol excretions. Liver cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the green-tea and pine-needle-extract groups. Red-blood-cell superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) activities were significantly increased in rats fed green-tea extract. Liver SOD activity was increased in rats fed pine-needle powder or extract, and liver GSH-px activity was increased in rats fed greentea powder. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentration were both decreased in rats fed dried leaf posers or extracts of persimmon or green tea. It is believed that high vitamin E levels in persimmon leaf, and high flavonoid, beta-carotene and vitamin C levels in green tea effectively inhibited lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, persimmon and green tea leaves were effective in lowering lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in animal tissue, while pine needles were effective and lowering body weight gain. From these results, persimmon and green tea leaves can be recommended in the treatment and prevention of chronic discorders such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and aging. As ethanol extracts from these teas were also effecitive in lowering tissue lipid levels and inhibiting lipid peroxidation, we recommend the use of discarded tea grounds for this.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

8주령의 F1B golden Syrian 햄스터에게 동맥경화 유발식이와 함께 녹차 추출물을 각각 500 혹은 1,000 mg/kg b.w.의 양을 매일 경구투여하면서 6주간 사육하였을 때 햄스터 체내의 지질대사와 대동맥 내에서의 지방의 축적 정도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험 결과 녹차추출물의 경구투여는 동맥경화유발식이를 섭취하는 햄스터의 혈중 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤치를 농도의존적으로 감소시켰고, 대동맥궁내에서의 지방의 축적을 예방하였다. 특히 녹차추출물 1,000 mg/kg b.w. 투여는 동맥경화유발식이를 섭취한 햄스터에서 간장내의 LDL receptor mRNA level을 증가시키는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 녹차 추출물의 투여는 동맥경화유발식이를 섭취한 햄스터의 혈중 콜레스테롤치를 감소시키고 LDL receptor의 발현을 증가시킴으로써 동맥경화를 예방할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2016

The main constituent of tea catechins, EGCG [(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate], could inhibit the growth of various microorganisms and differently affect gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial activity of EGCG, a compound from green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract, against Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. was studied to evaluate the possibility of using EGCG as a natural food additive in various dairy products. In pure TSB culture, the growth of Cronobacter spp. was suppressed below the detection limit (1 log CFU/mL) depending on EGCG concentration ($600{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$), after 5~16 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Similarly, the growth of Salmonella spp. was suppressed below the detection limit (1 log CFU/mL) depending on EGCG concentration ($400{\sim}800{\mu}g/mL$), after 5~16 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Therefore, these results suggest that EGCG could be used as an effective additive to inhibit the growth of Cronobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. in various dairy products, such as yoghurt, cheese, dried infant powder, and so on.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), one of the major catechins of tea, was isolated from the decaffeinated, crude methanolic extract of Indian green tea (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) using chromatographic techniques. EGCG was then screened for antidiarrhoeal activity against 30 strains (clinical isolates) of V. cholerae, which is a well known Gram negative bacillus functioning as the pathogen of cholera. V. cholerae strains like V. cholerae 69, 71, 83, 214, 978, 1021, 1315, 1347, 1348, 569B and ATCC 14033 were inhibited by EGCG at a concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$ whereas V. cholerae 10, 522, 976 were even more sensitive, being inhibited at $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ level. However, V. cholerae DN 16, DN 26, 30, 42, 56, 58, 113, 117, 564, 593, 972 and ATCC 14035 were inhibited at $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ level of EGCG. Only four strains were inhibited at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. In this study the isolated compound was found to be bacteriostatic in its mechanism of action. In the in vivo experiment using the rabbit ileal loop model two different dosages of EGCG ($500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$) were able to protect the animals when they were challenged with V. cholerae 569B in the ileum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.285-298
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• 2001

The effects of dried leaf powders and water and ethanol extracts of persimmon and green tea on lipid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity were investigated in 12-month-old rats. Forty-nine male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 520$\pm$19g were blocked into seven groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for four weeks with control(no tea leaf powder or extracts) and experimental diets containing either 5%(w/w) dried leaf powders of persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb) or green tea(Camellia sinensis O. Ktze), or water or ethanol extract from equal amounts of each dried tea powder. Food intakes of all tea diet groups were higher than that of control. Weight gains and food efficiency ratios of all tea diet groups were not significantly different from those of control. All tea diets decreased plasma triglyceride level, especially, green tea powder and persimmon ethanol diets were more effective than other diet. All the tea diet groups showed decrease in liver triglyceride level, and persimmon powder and ethanol extract increased fecal triglyceride excretion. Plasma cholesterol levels of all the tea diet groups were not significantly different from the control, but control. Fecal cholesterliver cholesterol concegroups were significantlntrations of all tea y lower than that of ol excretions of persimmon powder, green tea ethanol extract, persommon ethanol extract and green tea ethanol extract groups were significantly higher than that of control. Plasma and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations of all the tea diet groups were lower than that of control. Especially, plasma TBARS concentrations of green tea powder and persimmon ethanol extract groups were sinificantly low. Red blood cell(RBC) superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities of persimmon ethanol extract and green tea water extract groups were increased, and RBC catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different. RBC glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) activities of persimmon ethanol extract, persimmon water extract and green tea powder groups were increased. Liver SOD activities of all the tea diet groups except green tea ethanol extract group were higher than that of control. Liver catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different, and liver GSH-px activity of green tea powder group was significantly higher than that of control. In conclusion, dried leaf powders, and water and ethanol extracts of persimmon and green tea were effective in lowering lipid level, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxdative enzyme activities in 12-month-old rat. Green tea leaf powder with high contents of flavonoids and water soluble dietar fiber was most effective in lowering plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and TBARS level. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 285~298, 2001)

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2018

The present study observed the effects of a green tea (Camellia sinensis) flower extract (GTFE) on melanin synthesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. GTFE exhibited antioxidant activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, GTFE significantly diminished ${\alpha}-melanocyte$ stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) stimulated cellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity throughout the concentration range evaluated. Based on RNA sequencing analysis, differential gene expression patterns observed in ${\alpha}-MSH$ stimulated B16-F10 melanoma cells were normalized by the addition of GTFE. In particular, the expression levels of melanoregulin and tyrosinase genes which are key regulating genes in melanin synthesis were up-regulated by 3.5 and 3 fold respectively by ${\alpha}-MSH$, and were normalized to control levels by the addition of GTFE. The results suggest that GTFE inhibits melanin synthesis in ${\alpha}-MSH$ stimulated B16-F10 melanoma cells by normalizing expression of genes that are essential for melanin synthesis. Overall, the results suggest that GTFE could be applied in the development of a whitening agent for the treatment of dermal hyperpigmentation.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2021

본 연구는 가루녹차의 가공품인 말차를 이용하여 항산화 평가와 고당으로 유도된 간세포에서의 간세포 보호효과와 지방간 개선 활성을 평가하기 위해 진행되었다. 말차의 catechin 함량과 총 페놀성 화합물 및 총 플라보노이드 화합물의 함량은 잎 녹차보다 우수한 함량을 나타내었으며, 라디칼 소거활성과 지질과산화물 억제활성 역시 잎 녹차보다 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 항당뇨 활성을 나타내는 α-glucosidase, α-amylase 및 최종당화산물에 대한 우수한 억제활성을 확인하였다. In vitro 간세포 보호효과를 평가한 결과, 말차는 효과적으로 산화적 스트레스 및 고당으로 인한 활성산소 생성 억제활성과 간세포 생존율 나타내었다. 또한, oleic acid로 유도된 지방 축적에 대한 말차 추출물의 억제활성을 확인하였으며, 지방간으로 인한 염증반응에 대한 조절을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 녹차의 가공품 중 하나인 말차는 가공 전 잎 녹차에 비해 우수한 카테킨 함량과 항산화 활성을 지니며, 탄수화물의 섭취를 억제해주는 소화효소의 활성을 억제하여 간세포의 지질축적을 억제하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 염증 감소에 도움을 줄 수 있는 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.396-401
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of suspension cultures of tea callus cells grown in the presence of different concentrations of the growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) with or without light irradiation. The methanol and ethanol extracts of precipitated cells (MEP, EEP) exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cell lines than the water extract of precipitated cells (WEP) or the supernatant Compared to culture under dark conditions, exposure to light irradiation led to significantly higher antitumor activity. The MEP from light irradiated cells at $250{\mu}g/mL$ with 2.0mg/L 2,4-D displayed more than 64% growth inhibition of HEP-2 cells, whereas normal cells showed less than 25% growth inhibition. The some fractions of MEP obtained from Diaion HP-20 column chromatography displayed the majority of inhibitory activity against the HEP-2 cell line. These results show that 2,4-D, and light stimulated the synthesis of antitumor compounds.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.238-243
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• 1999

분말멸치에 녹차, 구기자 및 BHT를 첨가하여 저장 안전성을 조사 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 첨가물의 종류가 분말 멸치의 AV와 POV에 미치는 영향은 $60^{\circ}$ Bx의 구기자가 가장 효과적이었으며, 녹차 > BHT의 순으로 나타났으나 저장기간 6개월까지 첨가물 사용시 저장기간은 대조군 보다 12개월 연장하여 권장 유통기간을 30개월로 설정하여도 안전성을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다. 2. 첨가물의 농도가 높을수록 저장 안전성이 높아졌으며 그 순위는 $20^{\circ}<40^{\circ}<60^{\circ}$의 순 이었으나 그 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 저장기간에 따른 분말멸치의 AV와 POV는 0<6<12<18<24<30개월의 순으로 증가였다. 4. $20^{\circ}$ Bx의 구기자는 BHT보다 우수한 항산화력이 있어, 분말멸치의 저장 안정성을 높일 수 있는 것으로 생각되었으며 새로운 천연 항상화제로서의 응용이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.966-976
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• 2019

Objective: The methane mitigating potential of various plant-based polyphenol sources is known, but effects of combinations have rarely been tested. The aim of the present study was to determine whether binary and 3-way combinations of such phenol sources affect ruminal fermentation less, similar or more intensively than separate applications. Methods: The extracts used were from Acacia mearnsii bark (acacia), Vitis vinifera (grape) seed, Camellia sinensis leaves (green tea), Uncaria gambir leaves (gambier), Vaccinium macrocarpon berries (cranberry), Fagopyrum esculentum seed (buckwheat), and Ginkgo biloba leaves (ginkgo). All extracts were tested using the Hohenheim gas test. This was done alone at 5% of dry matter (DM). Acacia was also combined with all other single extracts at 5% of DM each, and with two other phenol sources (all possible combinations) at 2.5%+2.5% of DM. Results: Methane formation was reduced by 7% to 9% by acacia, grape seed and green tea and, in addition, by most extract combinations with acacia. Grape seed and green tea alone and in combination with acacia also reduced methane proportion of total gas to the same degree. The extracts of buckwheat and gingko were poor in phenols and promoted ruminal fermentation. All treatments except green tea alone lowered ammonia concentration by up to 23%, and the binary combinations were more effective as acacia alone. With three extracts, linear effects were found with total gas and methane formation, while with ammonia and other traits linear effects were rare. Conclusion: The study identified methane and ammonia mitigating potential of various phenolic plant extracts and showed a number of additive and some non-linear effects of combinations of extracts. Further studies, especially in live animals, should concentrate on combinations of extracts from grape seed, green tea leaves Land acacia bark and determine the ideal dosages of such combinations for the purpose of methane mitigation.