• Title/Summary/Keyword: green communication

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Secondary Carotenoid Accumulation in Haematococcus (Chlorophyceae): Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Biotechnology

  • Jin Eon-Seon;Lee Choul-Gyun;Polle Jurgen E.W.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.821-831
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    • 2006
  • Unicellular green algae of the genus Haematococcus have been studied extensively as model organisms for secondary carotenoid accumulation. Upon environmental stress, such as strong irradiance or nitrogen deficiency, unicellular green algae of the genus Haematococcus accumulate secondary carotenoids in vesicles in the cytosol. Because secondary carotenoid accumulation occurs only upon specific environmental stimuli, there is speculation about the regulation of the biosynthetic pathway specific for secondary carotenogenesis. Because the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is located both in the chloroplast and the cytosol, communication between both cellular compartments must be considered. Recently, the induction and regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis in microalgae received considerable attention because of the increasing use of this secondary carotenoid as a source of pigmentation for fish aquaculture, as a component in cancer prevention, and as a free-radical quencher. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and regulation of the pathway, as well as the biotechnology of astaxanthin production in Haematococcus.

GHG Monitoring Service Scenarios Based on NGN Functions (NGN 기능 기반의 온실가스감시 서비스 시나리오)

  • Lee, Soong-Hee
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.16 no.12
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    • pp.2628-2634
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    • 2012
  • The GHG(green house gas) monitoring has been an essential method to prevent climate change. Service scenarios for GHG monitoring over NGN(next generation network), a global infrastructure, was proposed in the previous study, which stays at the abstract level that may lead to difficulties for the actual implementation of the monitoring service in NGN. This paper proposes GHG monitoring service scenarios, based on functions to be incorporated in NGN, that provides the basis for actual implementation in NGN.

Applying Workload Shaping Toward Green Cloud Computing

  • Kim, Woongsup
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.12-15
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    • 2012
  • Energy costs for operating and cooling computing resources in Cloud infrastructure have increased significantly up to the point where they would surpass the hardware purchasing costs. Thus, reducing the energy consumption can save a significant amount of management cost. One of major approach is removing hardware over-provisioning. In this paper, we propose a technique that facilitates power saving through reducing resource over provisioning based on virtualization technology. To this end, we use dynamic workload shaping to reschedule and redistribute job requests considering overall power consumption. In this paper, we present our approach to shape workloads dynamically and distribute them on virtual machines and physical machines through virtualization technology. We generated synthetic workload data and evaluated it in simulating and real implementation. Our simulated results demonstrate our approach outperforms to when not using no workload shaping methodology.

Synthesis and characterization of novel polyimides with diamines containing thiophene moieties

  • Yoon, Mu-Ju;Yoon, Tae-Ho
    • Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.27-29
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    • 2012
  • Noble diamine monomers containing thiophene moiety were prepared, such as 2,5'''-diamino-2, 2':5', 2'':5'', 2'''-quaterthiophene (4TDA) and 2, 5'''''-diamino-3'', 4'''-dihexyl-2,2':5', 2'':5'', 2''':5''', 2'''':5'''', 2'''''-sexithiophene (6TDA). Then, these monomers were utilized to prepare polyimides with 3,6-diphenylpromellitic dianhydride (DPPMDA), 3,6-di(4'-trifluoro-methylphenyl) pyromellitic dianhydride (6FPMDA) or 3,6-di(3',5'-bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl) pyromellitic dianhydride (12FPMDA) via a conventional two-step process. The polyimides were characterized by FT-IR, TGA and DSC, and then subjected CV, UV-vis and PL measurements. The polyimides containing thiophene moiety exhibited high glass transition temperatures ($280{\sim}310^{\circ}C$) and excellent thermal stability (> $420^{\circ}C$) in air as well as green emission (535~586 nm).

Calculate the Inside electromagnetic field of a cavity using Modal MoM (Modal MoM법을 이용한 육면체 공진기 내부에 침투한 전자파 계산법)

  • Lee, Youn-Ju;Chung, Young-Seek;Park, Sang-Bok;Cheon, Changy-Ul
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2006.07c
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    • pp.1603-1604
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    • 2006
  • 본 논문은 구멍(aperture)이 나있는 육면체 진기에 전자파가 조사 되었을 때, 공진기 내부에 침투한 전자파를 Modal MoM 수치계산법을 이용하여 추정하였다. 공진기 내부의 전자파는 cavity Green 함수로, 외부는 자유 공간 Green 함수로 표현 할 수 있고, 구멍이 난 부분에서 전계와 자계의 접선 성분이 연속하다는 경계조건을 이용하여, 차폐하고자 하는 도체공간 내부에 침투한 전자파를 알 수 있다.

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A Study about Development of Environment Printing Technology and $CO_2$ (환경 인쇄 기술의 발전과 인쇄물의 $CO_2$ 발생량에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Mun-Hag
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.89-114
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    • 2012
  • For as to world, the concern about the environment problem is enhanced than any other time in the past because of being 21 century. And the environment problem is highlighted as the world-wide issue. The time of the environment problem intimidates the alive of the mankind and presence of an earth over the time. It becomes the essentiality not being selection in the personal living or the economical viewpoint now to prepare for the climatic modification. As to the company management, the green growth period which it excludes the environment management considering an environment, cannot carry on the company the continued management comes. That is, in the change center of the management paradigm, there is the environment management. Nearly, the greenhouse gas which the publication industry is the environmental toxic material like all industries is generated. The greenhouse gas is ejected in the process of running the manufacturing process and print shop of the various kinds material used as the raw material of the book. Particularly, the tree felling for getting the material of the paper is known to reach the direct influence on the global warming. This study does according to an object it considers and organizes the environment parameter based on this kind of fact as to the publication industry. And it is determined as the reference which is used as the basic materials preparing the case that carbon exhaust right transaction(CAP and TRADE) drawing are enforced in all industries and is sustainable the management of the publication industry and reduces the environmental risk among the company many risk management elements and plans and enforces the publication related policy that there is a value. In the printing publication industry, this study tried to inquire into elements discharging the environmental pollutant or the greenhouse gas. Additionally, in the printed publication production process, it tried to inquire into the effort for an environment-friendly and necessity at the printing paper and the printers ink, regarded as the element discharging the greenhouse gas all kinds of the printing materials, operation of the print shop and all kinds of the machines and recycle process, and etc. These considerations make these industrial field employees aware of the significance about a conservation and environmental protection. They try to give a help in the subsequent study producing quantitatively each environmental parameter emission of green house gas. This makes the calculation of the relative $CO_2$ output reproached ultimately possible. Meanwhile, in a sense, many research protects and improving an environment in connection with the contents of research at the printing publication industrial field is in progress. There will be the voluntary human face that it has to protect an environment but this can not do by the outside factor according to all kinds of environment related law and regulation. Anyway, because of acting on company management as the factor of oppression, the increase of this environment-related correspondence cost could know that the research that the environment loading relates with a procurement and development, environment management system introduction, quality control standard, including, normalizing including a material, and etc. through the part of the effort to reduce the cost low was actively in progress. As to the green growth era, as follows, this paper prescribed the subject and alternative of the print publication industry. It is surrounded by the firstly new digital environment and the generation of the subject. And secondly the printing industry is caused by the point of time when the green growth leaves by the topic which is largest in the global industry and it increases. The printing publication industry has to prepare the bridgehead for the environment-friendly green growth as the alternative for this resolution with first. The support blown in each industry becomes the obligation not being selection. Prestek in which the print publishing was exposed to spend many energies and which is known as the practice of the sustainable print publishing insisted that it mentioned importance of the green printing through the white pages in 2008 and a company had to be the green growth comprised through the environment-friendly activity. The core management for the sustainable printing publication industry presented from Presstack white pages is compacted to 4 words that it is a remove, reduce, recover, and recycle. Second, positively the digital printing(POD) system should be utilized. In the worldwide print out market, the digital printing area stops at the level of 10% or so but the change over and growth of the market of an analog-to-digital will increase rapidly in the future. As to the CEO Jeff Hayes of the Infoland, the offset print referred to that it of the traditional method got old and infirm with the minor phase of the new printing application like the customer to be wanted publication and the print of the digital method led the market. In conclusion, print publishers have to grasp well the market flow in the situation where a digitalization cannot be generalized and a support cannot avoid. And it keeps pace with the flow of the digital age and the recognition about the effort for the development and environment problem have to be raised. Particularly, the active green strategy is employed for the active green strategy.

Underwater Laser Communication Using LDPC Coded Method (LDPC 부호화 기술을 이용한 수중 레이저 통신)

  • Lee, A-Hyun;Baek, Chang-Uk;Lee, Dong-Hun;Jung, Ji-Won
    • The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.246-252
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    • 2018
  • Recent studies have been received much attention on underwater laser communication, which is capable of high data rate. However, in underwater laser communication, distortions caused by absorption and scattering induced performance degradation. A typical way to improve performance is to apply channel coding technique. In the beginning of studies, simple methods such as RS and BCH coding techniques were applied. However, due to distance expansion and performance improvement, channel coding methods with low error probability such as LDPC coded method were applied. In this paper, we analyzed the performance according to the size of the code word N, the distance between the transceivers and the size of the M of the M-ary PPM modulation scheme. Simulation results show that parameter M of M-ary PPM is most effect on performance.

Joint Spectrum and Power Allocation for Green D2D Communication with Physical Layer Security Consideration

  • Chen, Hualiang;Cai, Yueming;Wu, Dan
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.1057-1073
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we consider cooperative D2D communications in cellular networks. More precisely, a cellular user leases part of its spectrum to facilitate the D2D communication with a goal of improving the energy efficiency of a D2D pair. However the D2D pair is untrusted to the cellular user, such resource sharing may result in the information of this cellular user unsecured. In order to motivate the cellular user's generosity, this D2D pair needs to help the cellular user maintain a target secrecy rate. To address this issue, we formulate a joint spectrum and power allocation problem to maximize the energy efficiency of the D2D communication while guaranteeing the physical layer security of the cellular user. Then, a theorem is proved to indicate the best resource allocation strategy, and accordingly, an algorithm is proposed to find the best solution to this resource allocation problem. Numerical results are finally presented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Iterative Decoding Algorithm for VLC Systems (가시광 통신 시스템을 위한 반복 복호 알고리즘)

  • Koo, Sung-Wan;Kim, Jin-Young
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.10 no.10
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    • pp.2766-2770
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    • 2009
  • Recently, the Green IT is noticed because of the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, a drain on natural resources and pollution. In this paper, Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems with Turbo Coded scheme using LED is proposed and simulated in an optical wireless channel. As a forward error correction scheme to reduce information losses, turbo coding was employed. To decode the codewords, The Map (Maximum a Posteriori) algorism and SOVA (Soft Output Viterbi Algorithm) is used. The above mentioned schemes are described and simulation results are analyzed. As using turbo codes scheme, BER performance of proposed VLC systems is improved about 5 [dB].

Electricity Cost Minimization for Delay-tolerant Basestation Powered by Heterogeneous Energy Source

  • Deng, Qingyong;Li, Xueming;Li, Zhetao;Liu, Anfeng;Choi, Young-june
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.11 no.12
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    • pp.5712-5728
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    • 2017
  • Recently, there are many studies, that considering green wireless cellular networks, have taken the energy consumption of the base station (BS) into consideration. In this work, we first introduce an energy consumption model of multi-mode sharing BS powered by multiple energy sources including renewable energy, local storage and power grid. Then communication load requests of the BS are transformed to energy demand queues, and battery energy level and worst-case delay constraints are considered into the virtual queue to ensure the network QoS when our objective is to minimize the long term electricity cost of BSs. Lyapunov optimization method is applied to work out the optimization objective without knowing the future information of the communication load, real-time electricity market price and renewable energy availability. Finally, linear programming is used, and the corresponding energy efficient scheduling policy is obtained. The performance analysis of our proposed online algorithm based on real-world traces demonstrates that it can greatly reduce one day's electricity cost of individual BS.