• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2017

Along with climate change, it is reported that the scale and the frequency of extreme climate events (e.g. heavy rain, typhoon, etc.) show unstable tendency of increase. In case of Korea, also, the frequency of heavy rainfall shows increasing tendency, thus causing natural disaster damage in downtown and agricultural areas by rainfall that exceeds the design criteria of hydraulic structures. In order to minimize natural disaster damage, it is necessary to analyze how extreme precipitation event changes under climate change. Therefore a new design criteria based on non-stationarity frequency analysis is needed to consider a tendency of future extreme precipitation event and to prepare countermeasures to climate change. And a quantitative and objective characteristic analysis could be a key to preparing countermeasures to climate change impact. In this study, non-stationarity frequency analysis was performed and inundation risk indices developed by 4 inundation characteristics (e.g. inundation area, inundation depth, inundation duration, and inundation radius) were assessed. The study results showed that future probable rainfall could exceed the existing design criteria of hydraulic structures (rivers of state: 100yr-200yr, river banks: 50yr-100yr) reaching over 500yr frequency probable rainfall of the past. Inundation characteristics showed higher value in the future compared to the past, especially in sections with tributary stream inflow. Also, the inundation risk indices were estimated as 0.14 for the past period of 1973-2015, and 0.25, 0.29, 1.27 for the future period of 2016-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100, respectively. The study findings are expected to be used as a basis to analyze future inundation damage and to establish management solutions for rivers with inundation risks.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.473-479
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• 1998

Identification of rice species was attempted by three side (top, side and front) images of brown rice. Nine parameters of each image were area, aspect ratio, maximum diameter, minimum diameter, perimeter, roundness and red (R), green (G) and blue (B) pixel values of an image. Forty rice samples consisted of 19 species used for the study and total 27 image characteristics for a kernel were measured. For calibration and confirmation, 105 and 20 brown rice kernels per each sample were used respectively. For best identification of rice species, 24 image characteristics were selected for discriminant analysis. Average percentages for correct identification of rice species were 84.75% and 84.93% for calibration and confirmation data set, respectively. The highest and lowest percentage for correct identification were 99.05% for Nongan and 50.63% for Hwaseung respectively in calibration data. The confirmation data showed that the correct identification of Nongan or Paalgong was 100%, while that of Hwaseung was 47.62%. The result of the study showed that three side (top, side and front) image of brown rice was not suitable for identification of rice species suggesting that additional techniques are required for better discrimination of rice species.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.261-270
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• 2006

Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data for two survey lines having south-north direction from Jeju Island has been carried out. Broad band MT sounding curves with good quality could be gathered by performing audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) survey during the MT survey and by operating the remote reference in Kyushu Island, Japan. Comparison of the 2-D inversion model using MT band only and that using both AMT and MT bands for the field data as well as for the data from numerical 2-D modeling said that high frequency information from AMT survey can be useful for interpreting not only the shallow part but also the deep structures, especially when the formation is resistive. The 2-D inversion models of field data show a thick layer having around 10 ohm-m in the depth of a few hundred meters throughout the survey area, which can be considered as the unconsolidated sedimentary layer. And they also show a conductive anomaly at the central part of each survey lines. It can be either the effect of the surrounding sea water, or the structures due to ancient volcanic events. But unfortunately by now, we do not have any further information about the anomaly.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.624-637
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• 2020

High-quality and high-phytonutrient watermelon fruits have strong market opportunities besides their health related benefits. Hence, investigating quality and nutritional related traits of watermelon genetic resources could provide important baseline data in breeding for increased lycopene content thereby increasing the marketability of watermelon. To this end, we have examined some fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of 105 genetic resources. Seeds, originally obtained from 22+ countries, were obtained from the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Jeonju, South Korea, grown in an experimental field and harvested at a fully mature stage. The size of pistil scar (SPS), the width of stripes (WS), weight of fruit (WF), length of fruit (LF), width of fruit (WIF), the thickness of pericarp (TP), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit shape in longitudinal section, ground color of skin, the intensity of the green color of skin, fruit shape at the apical part, grooving distribution, conspicuousness of stripes, and main color of the flesh were recorded on the field and inside laboratory and the lycopene was measured using spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Watermelon fruits have shown a diverse morphological characters. Red and pink fleshed fruits dominated in the entire collections. Fruits with higher thickness of rind were found to exhibit less soluble solid content (SSC). Korean origin fruits were characterized by intermediate SSC while the United States of America (USA), Russia (RUS), Tajikistan (TJK), Turkmenistan (TKM), Taiwan (TWN), and Uruguay (URY) originated fruits had the highest SSC. The lycopene content varied between 41.37 and 182.82 ㎍/g, 2.81 and 163.72 ㎍/g, and 3.54 and 255.47 ㎍/g using HPLC, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and microplate reader spectrophotometer, respectively. Red- and pink-fleshed fruits had the highest levels of lycopene content compared to the yellow- and orange-fleshed. Lycopene content had a significant positive correlation with SSC, however, no correlations were detected between lycopene and other quantitative fruit morphological characters. Our study demonstrated high diversity exists in fruit morphological traits and lycopene content of the germplasm collections which provide beneficial baseline data for a future breeding program and utilization of watermelon germplasm collections in gene banks for the maintenance and improvement of the current levels of production, marketability, and health-related benefit of watermelon fruits.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study looked into the change of tree growth of seven forest growth monitoring plots which were set up at the Undulyeong Hongchungun Kangwondo, and was accomplished to offer the basic data for the forest administration calculating carbon storage and removal in the Undulyeong area. Annual height and DBH growth were slowly progressed in the Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi stand which was young stand, but the growth rate of the other stands was lower than those young stand. The diameter class of the mixed forest and Qurcus mongilica stand was predicted to be similar to the now and Pinus koraiensis and Larix kaempferi stand was predicted to move now diameter class to the high diameter class because thickening growth speed of the those stands were rapid. Now the end of 2003, total carbon storage of the Undulyeong model forest increased 149,000TC$(2.7\%)$ compared with the previous year. Seeing by forest types, occupied broad-leaved forest$(50\%)$, mixed forest$(34\%)$ and coniferous forest. During in 2003, total carbon which was removed and stored according to growth of the forest was 156,813TC and net carbon removal(148,664TC) increased into 2,613TC$(1.8\%)$ compared with the previous year. Seeing by forest types, occupied coniferous forest$(3.3\%)$, mixed forest$(3.1\%)$, broad-leaved forest$(2.8\%)$. Resultingly, the Undulyeong model forest is acting to net removal resource when see as green-gas side and net carbon removal are showing the tendency to increase recently little by little.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

In order to resolve transportation system focused on vehicles which have led to all sorts of problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution and so on, Korea recently have tended to center around Transit Oriented Development(TOD) which is capable of initiating public traffic demands. It is imperative to develop objective evaluation method which is able to measure pedestrian environment and amenity in order to facilitate green transit. The purpose of this paper is to present evaluation indices and measurement framework of pedestrian environment by analyzing effect on TOD major planning factors such as diversity, density, design, and supply etc. For this, we applied evaluation index with regard to TOD planning factors, investigating connection to pedestrian and employed AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) so as to quantify the result of measurement in Jongro 3ga and Hangangjin station. As a result, we presented relationship between travel patterns of pedestrian and each TOD planning factor. More importantly, the proposed framework is expected to make the best of the visualization as well as evaluation method for the pedestrian accessibility, convenience of public transportation, and the mixed land-use patterns in subway area and transit center.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.17-29
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• 2014

A remedial investigation was conducted at five military training ranges in northern Gyeonggi province to collect information necessary for the design of on-site treatment facilities for the abatement of explosive compounds release to the environment. These information includes (i) identification of dominant explosive compounds in each range, (ii) discharge/migration routes, and (iii) contaminant distribution in particle size fraction and settling velocity of the soils. The results of investigation showed that TNT and RDX are the major contaminants but the extent of contamination varied depending on the types of military training practices and topography of the site. RDX was also detected in the subsurface soil and in the nearby stream within the training ranges, suggesting release of contaminants to streams. The median concentrations of explosives in the surface soil were less than 20 mg/kg despite several 'hot spots' in which explosives concentrations often exceeds several hundred mg/kg. The average clay contents in the soil of target area was less than 5 % compared to 12 % in the control, indicating loss of smaller particles by surface runoff during rainfall due to lack of vegetative land cover. Analysis of explosive compounds and particle size distribution showed that the amount of explosive compounds in soil particles smaller than 0.075 mm was less than 10 % of the total. Settling column tests also revealed that the quantity of explosive compounds in the liquid phase of the effluent was greater than that in the solid phase. Therefore, pre-treatment of particulate matter in surface runoff of shooting range with a simple settling basin and subsequent effluent treatment with planted constructed wetlands as polishing stage for explosives in the aqueous phase would provide the shooting ranges with a self-standing, sustainable, green solution.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.4 s.141
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• pp.307-315
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• 2005

In this study we tried to develop a biological method for evaluating environment using the potter wasps as an indicator. Wasp species in family Eumenidae, were collected from 13 locations including agricultural area using nest trap. The wasps collected were classified and selected candidate species as an environmental evaluation indicator. Seven species were collected and the Anterhynchium flavomarginatum was the most dominant species. The number of the nest of potter wasps was 12.8/m both in the non-fertilizer and the non-pesticide areas and 7.2/m in the general agricultural areas. The number of nests was 13.4/m in the location where the Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) was high (4.28) and it was 1.2/m where the DGN was low (1.00), suggesting that the index of both richness and diversity tend to increase in locations with more nests. Based on these results, A. flavomarginatum, Orancistrocerus drewseni (Saussure), Isodontia nigellus and Chalicodoma sculpturalis were selected as indicator species for the evaluation of environment including agricultural ecosystem. And a standard for grading an environment (I to IV) was made based on the occurrence, the total number of nesting and the species diversity of potter wasps.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.366-374
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to develop effective destination management strategies for three typical tourist destinations in Kangwon province based on the importance-performance analysis. The results show that overall performance levels of 21 management attributes in three destinations is relatively low, compared to the importance levels of the attributes. 6 attributes place in Concentrate Here, 4 attributes in Possible Overkill, 6 attributes in Keep Up Good Work, and 5 attributes in Low Priority. There is no significant difference in the importance level among three destinations, while performance levels are the lowest at Naksan & Kyungpo beaches, and highest at Ganhyun area. Findings of the survey expect to be used as fundamentals in management policy making process for each destinations.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.634-641
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• 2014

In order to elucidate the ecological and phenological responses of bean under global warming situation, we investigated leafing and flowering phenomena and growth traits of Baktae and Seomoktae in control plot (ambient $CO_2$ concentration and temperature) and warmed plot (elevated $CO_2$ concentration and increased temperature than control) in green house. Average $CO_2$ concentration and temperature were set 540 ppm in treatment and higher $2.2^{\circ}C$ in treatment than control. The appearance of leaf unfolding and the initiation of blooming and fruit maturing in Seomoktae were late in treatment than control. In case of Baktae, the number of total pods and seeds per plant in treatment was fewer than that in control. For Seomoktae, the number of total pods per plant and weight of total seeds per plant were decreased in treatment than in control. Thus, the number of pods and seeds of Baktae declined and the production of Seomoktae was decreased under global warming condition. This result indicates that site selection and crop yield for cultivating of the bean may be changed into new area due to global warming condition.