• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.450-455
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• 2011

[ $Al_2TiO_5$ ]has a high refractive index and good solubility of the chromophore in the $Al_2TiO_5$ lattice, which allows this structure to be a good candidate for the development of new ceramic pigments. However, pure $Al_2TiO_5$ is well known to decompose on firing at $900{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$. However, this process can be inhibited by the incorporation of certain metal cations into its crystalline lattice. In this study, the synthesis of gray ceramic pigment was performed by doping cobalt on the $Al_2TiO_5$ crystal structure. The $Al_2TiO_5$ was synthesized using $Al_2O_3$ and $TiO_2$, and doped with $Co_3O_4$ as a chromophore material. In order to prevent the thermal decomposition during the cooling procedure, MgO was added to samples by 0.05 mole, 0.1 mole, and 0.15 mole as a stabilizer. The samples were fired at $1500^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and cooled naturally. The crystal structure, solubility limit, and color of the synthesized pigment were analyzed using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, UV, and UV-vis. $Al_2O_3$ was available for the formation of $CoAl_2O_4$, which should also be considered in order to explain the small amount of this phase detected in the sample with the higher $Co^{2+}$ content (${\geq}$ 0.03 mole). It was found that the solubility limit of $Co^{2+}$ in the $Al_2TiO_5$ crystal was 0.02 mole% through an analysis of Raman spectroscopy. Through the addition of a pigment with 0.02 mole% of $Co^{2+}$ to lime-barium glaze, stabilized gray color pigments with 66.54, -2.35, and 4.68 as CIE-$L^*a^*b^*$ were synthesized.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제15권
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• pp.66-77
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• 2014

국립중앙박물관에 소장되어 있는 은조사 구장복은 조선 말기에 고종이 착용하였던 것으로 기록된 구장문이 그려진 대례복의 하나이다. 이 장문은 왕이 나라를 통치함에 있어 필요한 덕목을 상징적으로 표현한 것으로, 적색·황색·청색·녹색, 회색의 안료로 채색되어 있다. XRF 분석 결과, 적색 안료는 진사/주, 황색 안료는 금·황동, 청색 안료는 청색 유기안료와 연백, 녹색 안료는 구리-비소로 구성된 합성안료인 양록, 회식 안료는 은으로 판단되었다. 또한 유사한 시기에 제작된 국립중앙박물관 소장 적의본과 폐슬본의 안료 성분을 비교 검토한 결과, 차이점과 유사점을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과는 19세기 말 궁중에서 사용된 안료에 대한 기초적인 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2012

Attempts were made to develop a stable gray pigment at reducing atmosphere, substituting Ti in $ZrTiO_4$ with Mn, Fe, Co and Cu The pigment synthesized at $1300~1500^{\circ}C$ by solid state method with the composition of $ZrTi_{1-x-y}A_xB_yO_4$ (x = y = 0.005, 0.015, 0.035, 0.055, 0.075, 0.095, 0.115, 0.135, 0.155, 0.175 and 0.195 mole, A = Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(II, III) and Cu(II) (chromophores), B = Sb (counterion). The pigments were fired at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 3 h with substitute amount changes of Mn, Fe, Co and Cu to $ZrTiO_4$ crystals, and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy to figure out substitute limits. Results indicated 0.035 mole for Mn, 0.115 mole for Fe, 0.015 mole for Co and 0.015 mole for Cu as substitute limits, respectively. Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent each substitute pigments of Mn, Fe, Co and Cu. Synthesized pigment was applied to a lime and a lime-magnesia glaze at 7 wt% each, and fired at reducing atmosphere of $1240^{\circ}C$, soaking time 1h. Gray color was obtained with CIE-$L^*a^*b^*$ values at 44.55, -0.65, 1.19(Mn), 40.36, -0.90, 0.30(Fe), 42.63, -0.03, -1.49(Cu) and -40.79, -0.28, -0.91(Co), respectively.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 1991

수용성 치자(水溶性 梔子)(Ga. jasminoides의 열매)색소(色素)(등황색)(橙黃色)를 냉수(冷水)로 추출하여 함유시킨 yeast morphology agar(Difco)에 각종 효모균류(酵母菌類)를 배양하여 그들의 균집락(菌集落) 색깔변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 치자배지(梔子培地)에서 증식(增殖)한 Ca. guilliermondii 와 Ca. lusitaniae 의 균집락(菌集落)은 $28^{\circ}C$에서 3일이내에 군청색(群靑色)을 띠었고, Ca. tropicalis와 Ca. viswanathii 등은 옅은 회색(灰色)을 띠었는데 Ca. viswanathii는 7일후에 군청색(群靑色)으로 변했다. Ca. krusei와 To. glabrata 등은 $1{\sim}2$주후 회색(灰色)내지 옅은 회청색(灰靑色)을 띠었고 Sa. cerevi-siae는 연두색을 띠었다. 그러나 Ca. albicans와 Ca. parapsilosis 등은 색깔변화가 없었고, 적색(赤色) 균집락(菌集落)의 Rhodotorula sp.도 변화가 없었다. 그러나 Cr. neofor-mans는 갈색(褐色) 내지 자갈색(紫褐色) 균집락(菌集落)을 형성해 다른 모든 균종(菌種)과 뚜렷하게 구별되어 기존(旣存) 선별동정배지(選別同定培地)인 caffeic acid 또는 dopamine배지(培地)를 대체할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 몇몇 Candida spp.의 특정적 색깔을 관찰할 수 있어서 치자배지(梔子培地)가 임상검체(臨床檢體)로부터 효모균종(酵母菌種)의 분리배양(分離培養)에 매우 유용하다고 생각한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2007

A 16-year-old female mixed dog was submitted for examination at the pathology division of national veterinary research and quarantine service (NVRQS). Grossly, white or grayish spherical, multinodular, firm to friable masses were present in the tibiofibula to the pharenge area of the right limb, and dysphagia, breathing difficulties and tachypnea were shown. Various-sized white or grayish black masses were scattered in lungs and diaphragm and one mass was observed in the trachea and in the jejunum, respectively. Histopathologically, the neoplastic cells were composed of polygonal or spindle shaped cells with various sized round to oval nuclei and abundant cytoplasm. These cells formed lobules or nests separated by fine connective tissue and contained little amount of melanin pigments. Melanin pigments were stained dark gray or black with Fontana-Masson method. Melanosomes were also ultrastructurally demonstrable by electron microscopy. Based on above results, the present case was diagnosed as canine malignant melanoma originating from the lower limb and digit.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2016

식물 근권 토양으로부터 색소생성 균주 106균주를 수집하여 색소 생성능이 우수한 균주로부터 노란색(33개), 주황색(12개), 분홍색, 빨간색, 갈색 그리고 보라색 총 49개의 세균색소를 추출하였다. 식물병원균에 대한 항균활성능이 우수한 색소를 선발하기 위하여 고추점무늬병원균(Xanthomonas axonopodis), 흑마병원균(Xanthomonas campestris)과 딸기잿빛곰팡이병원균(Botrytis cinerea), 고추탄저병원균(Colletotrichum acutatum), 그리고 시들음병원균(Fusarium oxysporum)을 대상으로 항균활성 검정을 수행하였다. 색소생성 Chryseobacterium sp. RBR9 균주가 생산하는 노란색 색소와 Methylobacterium sp. RI13 균주가 생산하는 빨간색 색소는 X. axonopodis와 X. campestris에 항세균 활성을 나타내었다. 차나무 토양으로부터 분리된 Collimonas sp. DEC-B5가 생산하는 보라색 색소는 항세균 활성과 더불어 B. cinerea와 Colletotrichum acutatum에 항진균활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 보라색 색소는 최소저해 농도 $20{\mu}M$에서 B. cinerea를 65% 이상 생육 저해하였다. 항진균활성 보라색 색소를 HPLC 분석한 결과, violacein (91.6%)와 deoxyviolacein(8.4%)으로 동정되었다. 보라색 색소 violacein의 생산량은 SCB 배지에서 $43.2{\mu}M$이었고 D-mannitol 1.5%, yeast extract 0.2%를 첨가한 경우 $431.6{\mu}M$로 약 10배 높은 색소 생성량을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 분리된 Collimonas sp. DEC-B5가 생산하는 violacein 색소는 딸기잿빛곰팡이병원균 방제제로 활용 가능성이 확인되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2011

This study developed a pigment by doping Cr to Pyrochlore-type stannate crystals and investigated the chromogenic relationship in a glaze. Crystal phases of the pigment according to firing temperatures were analyzed by XRD, and the doping relationship was analyzed by Raman Spectroscopy. Color and reflection rate of the pigment were measured by UV-vis Spectrophotometer. Consequently, stannate characteristic band appeared at 307, 408, 505 and $755cm^{-1}$ until 0.1 mole substitution of $Cr_2O_3$. However, as amount of $Cr_2O_3$ increased, the stannate characteristic peak was decreased and shift happened at the left hand side due to Cr-dope. In composition of 0.12~0.14 mole substituted, the unreacted $Cr_2O_3$ stannate characteristic peak, which was not engaged, was shown. This result shows the maximum limit of solid solution was 0.1 mole $Cr_2O_3$. The color of the glaze, which was produced by adding 6 wt% of $Y_2Sn_{1.94}Cr_{0.06}O_7$ pigment in a lime or a lime-magnesia glaze and fired the mixture at $1260^{\circ}C$, was grayish pink with $L^*$ 70.29, $a^*$ 5.68 and $b^*$ 6.27. It showed gray with $L^*$ 68.82, $a^*$ 3.07and $b^*$ 8.13 for $Y_2Sn_{1.9}Cr_{0.1}O_7$.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.93-97
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• 1997

A case of cervical chordoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration is discussed. A 41year-old male was admitted due to dyspnea on neck flexion. Radiologic image revealed a retrotracheal superior mediastinal solid mass. Aspiration cytology showed many clusters of oval or large polygonal cells having abundant eosinophilic or bubbly cytoplasm in an amorphous blue-gray mucoid background. The nuclei were round and showed size variation, coarse granular chromatin, and indistinct nucleoli. Some cells contained brown granular pigments in the cytoplasm. Mitoses were rarely found. The cytoplasm was strongly positive for PAS stain. Immunohistochemical stains using cell block revealed positive reaction for cytokerain, EMA, vimentin, and S-100 protein. The confirmative diagnosis was made by following excisional biopsy. Electron microscopic study revealed large pools of intracytoplasmic glycogen and microfilaments. This is the first case of cervical chordoma diagnosed by aspiration cytology to our knowledge in Korean literature.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2014

In this study, a cobalt sulfate ceramic coating was sintered on various clays at $1250^{\circ}C$. The specimen characteristics were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), TG-DTA, UV-vis spectrophotometer, and HRDPM. The ceramic coating had a constant thickness of thousands ${\mu}m$, and the surface was confirmed to be densely fused. Other new compounds were produced by the cobalt sulfate sintering process and reactions. These compounds were a $CoAl_2O_4$ phase, $Co_2SiO_4$ phase, anorthite($CaAl_2Si_2O_8$) phase, and $FeAl_2O_4$ phase, respectively. UV properties of the coated specimen were investigated, celadon clay specimen in 530-550 nm band is showing a dark gray color. The white clay and white mix clay specimen in 460-500 nm band is showing a blue color. The cobalt-aluminate($CoAl_2O_4$) spinel and the cobalt-silicate olivine($Co_2SiO_4$) were the strongest of the ceramic pigments, producing a very pure, navy blue color.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.402-408
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• 1997

The antibiotic-producing strain HW-003 was screened from soil and found to be effective against the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The spore chain of HW-003 was retinaculiaperti, and the spore surface was spiny. Strain HW-003 has a LL-diaminopimelic acid isoform in the cell wall. The aerial mass color of the strain was gray, and the reverse side was yellow-brown. The strain produced melanin, but did not produce soluble pigments. According to the Taxon program, HW-003 showed best match with Streptomyces cyaneus. Antibiotic production reached a maximum after 72-h cultivation. The antibiotic was purified with silica gel column chromatography, octadecylsilyl column chromatography, and HPLC. The purified antibiotic, AMRSA1, showed strong inhibitory activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and gram-positive bacteria. The molecular weight of AMRSA1 was about 1, 100. AMRSA1 was a peptide antibiotic containing alanine and serine.