• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제40권4호
• /
• pp.377-383
• /
• 2013

Premature-green rice is typically obtained by early harvest when culms of rice still appear green in color, and the rice and its food products have been considered as wellbeing foods. This study was carried out to determine the quality characteristics of cookies made from flour added with 10, 20, and 30% whole green rice powde r(WGRP) of two kinds of Hopum and Shinsun waxy rice. The quality characteristics of cookies, including pH, spread factor, color, hardness, and sensory properties, were estimated. WGRP with different levels of 10, 20, and 30% was added into powder for preparing cookies, and their quality properties were evaluated. The pH and hardness of the cookies increased, while spread factor showed highest added with 20% Hopum and Shinsun waxy rice. The color (L) of cookies decreased 20% added with Hopum and Shinsun waxy rice. The sensory properties of cookies was highest added with 20% Hopum and 10% Shinsun waxy rice. The result of this study suggest that addition of 20% Hopum and 10% Shinsun waxy rice are available rice cookies. It was concluded that WGRP may have a potential in bakery industry as a new food material.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.295-295
• /
• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. The eating quality of cooked rice is the most important trait japonica rice breeding in Korea. Rice varieties that produce kernels that are firm and fluffy after cooking are generally favored in countries such as India, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Whereas varieties with kernels that maintain its shape, glossiness, savory odor, stickiness, and tenderness when cooked are preferred in Korea. This study analyzed the major physicochemical components of rice grain associated with the eating quality of 20 japonica rice varieties. Physicochemical components such as the amylose content, protein content, amylographic characteristics of polished rice, and texture of cooked rice were tested using a Tensipresser as alternative indirect methods in determining rice eating quality. Evaluation of eating quality of cooked rice using sensory test was conducted with 20 well trained members. The 20 rice varieties in different eating quality showed amylose contents of 17~20%. The amylose content of rice varieties had negative correlation with peak viscosity, however positive correlation with setback viscosity was observed. The stickiness and adhesiveness of cooked rice showed correlation with the amylose content and amylopectin chain length distribution. Rice varieties with good eating quality showed less retrogradation of cooked rice and higher hot viscosity of rice flour in amylogram.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.258-258
• /
• 2017

We received 73 wheat resources from CIMMYT for analysis of agricultural characteristics and qualities of them. We sowed 73 lines and 4 Korean varieties in fall and spring to compare differences of wheat traits between fall and spring seeding. The heading and maturity date of fall seeding lines has coming faster average 18 days than spring seeding lines. Fall seeding lines have more number of spike per $m^2$ and grain number of spike. Spike and awn length of spring seeding lines were shorter than fall seeding lines and stem length was variable to varieties in both condition. Protein contents of five of 73 lines, Jokyoung and Jopoom varieties decreased but the others increased. The sedimentation values of 34 lines include Jokyoung and falling number (F/N) of 44 lines include two varieties, Keumkang and Jokyoung, decreased but the others increased, respectively. Particle size was presented that most spring seeding lines were bigger. However, when it sowed in fall, the lightness (L) of wheat flour was lighter. Consequently, we confirmed when it was sowed in spring, agricultural traits and qualities of wheat got weak.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.163-174
• /
• 2007

Folate has received international attention regarding its role in the risk-reduction of birth defects, specifically neural tube defects (NTDs). In 1998 health officials in Canada, like the United States, mandated the addition of folic acid to white flour and select grain product's to increase the folate intake of reproductive-aged women. Subsequent to this initiative there has been an increase in blood folate concentrations in Canada and a 50% reduction in NTDs. Many countries, including Korea, have not mandated folic acid fortification of their food supply. Reasons vary but often include concern over the masking of vitamin $B_{12}$ deficiency, a belief that folate intakes among womenare adequate, low priority relative to other domestic issues, and the philosophy that individuals have the right not to consume supplemental folic acid if they so choose. Prior to folic acid fortification of the food supply in Canada, the folate intakes of women were low, and their blood folate concentrations while not sufficiently low to produce overt signs of folate deficiency (eg. anemia) were inconsistent with a level known to reduce the risk of an NTD-affected pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of folate during the periconceptional period, pregnancy, and during lactation. The rationale for, and history of recommending folic acid-containing supplements during the periconceptional period and pregnancy is described as is folic acid fortification of the food supply. The impact of folic acid fortification in Canada is discussed, and unresolved issues associated with this policy described. While the incidence of NTDs in Canada pre-folic acid fortification were seemingly higherthan that of Korea today, blood folate levels of Korean women are strikingly similar. We will briefly explore these parallels in an attempt to understand whether folic acid fortification of the food supply in Korean might be worth consideration.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.1-39
• /
• 1999

A infancy is the period in that growth and development of man are the most fast and neutrial requirement is the most big on his life. The insufficient neutrition of this period can have bad effect uppon man's whole life health not only physically but also pscychogenically and emotionally. Therefore a proper feeding at a proper time is very important to form the good food behavior and emotional development. The rate of using the commercial weaning food in Korea has gradually increased since 1970 and expected to be more increasing in future. In this paper, I investigate the general weaning status, stneutrial component and material content of infant weaning foods marketing in Korea at present. The material for this study have been collected in the exposition of products and data from manufacturing companies and etc. The conclusion is following. 1. The proper weaning period is from $4{\sim}6$ momth to 12 momth, but recently it is inclined to prolong. 2. In weaning methods, using a spoon is superior to using a bottle in food behavior and neutrial status. 3. The commercial weaning foods have two type, the powder type and formula type, but except gober's, all products marketing in Korea are the powder type and a sort of product is very simple. Therefore it is necessary to develp the more various kind of weaning foods, especially the formula type. 4. In the neutrial component, Son-Sik (flour of grain) cannot be up to international standards and the greater parts of weaning foods have too much suger over the standards.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to find the number of meals skipped and the types of main meals consumed by people in Miryang and Daegu. The subjects consisted of elementary school students(ES), middle school students(MS), high school students(HS), college students(CS) and adults, divided into below the age of 40(AU) and above the age of 40(AA). Data were collected through a 7-day dietary record from 941 subjects. The definition of rice-based meal(RM) and wheat-based meal(WM) depends on the type of grain eaten in the main dish, rice or wheat flour, respectively, regardless of the menu. Out of all the meals consumed by the subjects during 7 days before the survey, 71.5% of the meals consumed were RM, 13.1 ％ of the meals consumed was WM and 12.5% of the meals was skipped. Of the meals skipped, breakfast-skipping was the highest with 27.1%. There's no difference by region and sex. But there were several differences by age. The rates of skipped meal were high for CS, AU, HS, and MS in order. Especially the breakfast-skipping for CS was highest as 47.9%. In the types of main meal, the rates of RM was highest at breakfast and lowest at lunch. The rates of RM was higher in Miryang than Daegu, and there was no difference by sex. The rates of RM was high for AA, HS, ES and AU in order. ES and HS, who had highest rates of WM, had the highest WM consumption at lunch. It is because of school food service at lunch. Since the younger population consumed more RM compared to the older population, it can be speculated that more WM will be consumed in the future. Also efforts need to be made to discourage skipping meals.

• Food Quality and Culture
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.64-68
• /
• 2009

This descriptive analysis study investigated the sensory characteristics and the drivers of liking for seven types of makgeolli differing in grain composition and pasteurization conditions. Six trained panelists participated in the descriptive analysis. In the consumer acceptance test involving 23 males and 34 females, two of the seven varieties were excluded due to their similar sensory characteristics. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and partial least square regression analysis were conducted. Sensory characteristics of makgeolli varied markedly depending on the ingredients and processing methods. Makgeolli samples with relatively high content of millet flour were characterized as being smooth and strong, with a roasted carbohydrate flavor, whereas samples with enriched rice content were rated high in attributes such as bitterness, carbonation, and residual flavor. Sourness decreased in pasteurized samples. Participant's age rather than gender influence the liking for makgeolli. Older consumers tend to prefer samples with stronger flavor than did younger consumers. Clustering consumer groups based on the preference for makgeolli samples provided profound insight concerning the beverage aspects that were appealing, which should be useful in consumer targeting of particular varieties of makgeolli.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2010

The object of this study was to investigate the effects of rice particle size on the physicochemical properties of beef-rice porridge. The pH of beef-rice porridge was decreased as compared to that of the control, while the redness of beef porridge increased according to rice particle size. The viscosity of flour in the beef-rice porridge was the highest among three porridges, at $40^{\circ}C$. The protein content of beef-rice porridge was increased 3-fold over that of rice porridges. The total amino acid content of the beef-rice porridge was 3071.2 mg/100 g, and that of rice porridge was 1147.5 mg/100 g. As compared to rice porridge, the maximum amounts of the amino acids Lys and Thr were increased beef-rice porridge. Sensory evaluation results showed that the beef-rice porridge with a particle size half that of rice had the highest scores in color, taste, texture, and overall preference. Based on these results, it is suggested that beef-rice porridge with a particle size half (0.7-2.5 mm) that of rice has optimal quality in terms of both physicochemical and sensory properties.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제47권
• /
• pp.63-94
• /
• 2002

On the purpose to suggest an advanced scheme in assessing the domestic wheat quality, this paper reviewed the inspection systems of wheat in major wheat producing countries as well as the quality criteria which are being used in wheat grading and classification. Most wheat producing countries are adopting both classifications of class and grade to provide an objective evaluation and an official certification to their wheat. There are two main purposes in the wheat classification. The first objectives of classification is to match the wheat with market requirements to maximize market opportunities and returns to growers. The second is to ensure that payments to glowers aye made on the basis of the quality and condition of the grain delivered. Wheat classes has been assigned based on the combination of cultivation area, seed-coat color, kernel and varietal characteristics that are distinctive. Most reputable wheat marketers also employ a similar approach, whereby varieties of a particular type are grouped together, designed by seed coat colour, grain hardness, physical dough properties, and sometimes more precise specification such as starch quality, all of which are genetically inherited characteristics. This classification in simplistic terms is the categorization of a wheat variety into a commercial type or style of wheat that is recognizable for its end use capabilities. All varieties registered in a class are required to have a similar end-use performance that the shipment be consistent in processing quality, cargo to cargo and year to year, Grain inspectors have historically determined wheat classes according to visual kernel characteristics associated with traditional wheat varieties. As well, any new wheat variety must not conflict with the visual distinguishability rule that is used to separate wheats of different classes. Some varieties may possess characteristics of two or more classes. Therefore, knowledge of distinct varietal characteristics is necessary in making class determinations. The grading system sets maximum tolerance levels for a range of characteristics that ensure functionality and freedom from deleterious factors. Tests for the grading of wheat include such factors as plumpness, soundness, cleanliness, purity of type and general condition. Plumpness is measured by test weight. Soundness is indicated by the absence or presence of musty, sour or commercially objectionable foreign odors and by the percentage of damaged kernels that ave present in the wheat. Cleanliness is measured by determining the presence of foreign material after dockage has been removed. Purity of class is measured by classification of wheats in the test sample and by limitation for admixtures of different classes of wheat. Moisture does not influence the numerical grade. However, it is determined on all shipments and reported on the official certificate. U.S. wheat is divided into eight classes based on color, kernel Hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes are Durum, Hard Red Spring, Hard Red Winter, Soft Red Winter, Hard White, soft White, Unclassed and Mixed. Among them, Hard Red Spring wheat, Durum wheat, and Soft White wheat are further divided into three subclasses, respectively. Each class or subclass is divided into five U.S. numerical grades and U.S. Sample grade. Special grades are provided to emphasize special qualities or conditions affecting the value of wheat and are added to and made a part of the grade designation. Canadian wheat is also divided into fourteen classes based on cultivation area, color, kernel hardness and varietal characteristics. The classes have 2-5 numerical grades, a feed grade and sample grades depending on class and grading tolerance. The Canadian grading system is based mainly on visual evaluation, and it works based on the kernel visual distinguishability concept. The Australian wheat is classified based on geographical and quality differentiation. The wheat grown in Australia is predominantly white grained. There are commonly up to 20 different segregations of wheat in a given season. Each variety grown is assigned a category and a growing areas. The state governments in Australia, in cooperation with the Australian Wheat Board(AWB), issue receival standards and dockage schedules annually that list grade specifications and tolerances for Australian wheat. AWB is managing "Golden Rewards" which is designed to provide pricing accuracy and market signals for Australia's grain growers. Continuous payment scales for protein content from 6 to 16% and screenings levels from 0 to 10% based on varietal classification are presented by the Golden Rewards, and the active payment scales and prices can change with market movements.movements.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.165-175
• /
• 1995

토양수분정도가 보리의 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 보리의 가공이용에 적합한 양질의 원맥생산을 위한 토양수분기준설정의 기초자료로 활용코자 직경 52cm 높이 55cm인 대형 플라스틱 폿트에 사양토를 충진하여 강우차단시설을 갖춘 개폐형 하우스에 완전임의 3반복으로 배치한 뒤 올보리와 강보리 두 품종을 폿트당 40주의 밀도가 되도록 파종하였다. 토양수분장력이 각각 -0.05bar, -0.2bar, 0.5bar, -1.0bar, -5.0bar, -10.0bar에 도달되었을 때 토심 10cm주위가 충분히 젖어 장력이 0으로 될 때까지 관개를 하는 방법으로 토양수분을 조절하여 시험을 수행하였다. 토양수분장력은 micro tensiometer와 gypsum block을 토실 10cm에 설치하여 측정하였다. 분얼기로 부터 황숙기까지 토양수분을 조절 처리하여 재배한 보리의 생육특성 및 종실의 이화학적 특성을 조사한 곁과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 토양수분 스트레스가 장력 -1.0bar이하로 될 경우 간장과 절간장이 현저하게 짧아지고 간경이 작아지며 엽폭과 엽장이 크게 짧아지는 경향이였다. 2. 토양수분장력이 -0.5bar이하로 떨어지면 엽면적이 크게 감소하는 경향이나 주간의 지엽 및 제1엽중에 함유된 엽록소의 함량은 큰 차이가 없었다. 3. 뿌리활력은 토양수분스트레스가 증가할수록 대체로 떨어지는 경향이였으며, 품종별로는 올보리가 토양수분장력 -0.05bar구에서 뿌리활력이 가장 좋았으나, 조강보리는 장력 -0.05bar에서는 활력이 현저하게 떨어지는 반면, 장력 -0.2bar에서 가장 높은 활력을 보여 올보리보다 습해에 약한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 토양수분스트레스 증가에 따른 화분활력저하는 올보리에서는 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지 않았으나, 조강보리는 토양수분장력이 낮아질수록 현저한 감소를 보였으며, 주간의 불임율은 토양수분장력 -10.0bar이하에서 현저하게 증가하였다. 5. 이삭무게는 토양수분장력이 -1.0bar이상으로 될 때 올보리가 1.0~2.5g/ear, 조강보리가 0.5~1.7g/ear의 무게분포가 주를 이루고 있으나, 장력 -5.0/bar이하로 토양수분스트레스가 심한 처리구에서는 대부분 1.3g/ear이하의 가벼운 이삭이 주종을 이루웠다. 6. 곡립의 무게는 토양수분장력이 1.0bar이상으로 적습 범위일 때 올보리가 31~50mg/kernel, 조강보리가 21~45mg/kernel의 범위로 분포하고 있으나, 토양수분스트레스가 큰 장력 -5.0bar이하에서는 곡립무게가 현저히 떨어지는 경향이었다. 7. 곡립의 크기는 올보리와 조강보리 공히 2.2~2.6mm범위로 곡립분포를 보였으나, 토양수분스트레스가 심해질수록 이 범위이하의 작은 곡립이 증가하는 경향이었다. 8. 토양수분장력 -0.2bar를 관개시점으로 토양수분을 조절해 주었을 때 종실수량이 가장 많았고, 수분장력이 -1.0bar이하로 떨어지면 수량이 크게 감소하는 경향이었다. 9. 종실분의 조단백함량, 최고점도(Max. viscosity), 굳음성(Consistency) 및 ${\beta}$-glucan의 함량은 토양수분 장력이 낮아질수록 증가하는 경향이며, 특히 토양수분장력 -5.0bar이하일 때 현저한 증가를 보였고, 호화온도(Gelatiantion temp.)는 토양수분장력이 낮아질 수를 감소하는 경향이었다. 10. 수분이용효율은 올보리가 토양수분장력 -0.5bar, 조광보리가 토양수분장력 -1.0bar유지구에서 가장 높았고 이 범위보다 높거나 낮을 경우 효율이 떨어지는 경향이었다.