• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

Purpose - This study investigates the improvement of rationalization of distribution structure in Korean diamond market. It also explores the international distribution of diamond and how the distribution of Korean diamond market system was improved. This study also for providing the evaluation method in case of purchasing diamond on the consumers. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The research investigates how international diamond distribution market has been changed since 1933 by De Beers. The international Diamond rough stone has been deregulated in supply and demand by Debeers since July, 2000, therefore, the price maintenance policy of diamond market also has been changed. In the short term, the diamond price in market has been down, whereas, in the long term, the market share of Debeers has affected the high quality of diamond price in world market. Before 1985, both G color and VVS1 clarity were used as the level of percentages in the diamond certificate of authenticity in Korea. But, after 1985, the diamond certificate of authenticity uses Diamond Grading Report. Results - Between the 1970's and 1980's, Debeers had controlled about 80 percentages of international diamond supply market. But, Debeers share in diamond market fell by 60 percentages in 2000's. Debeers supplied 31%(4390 carets) of international diamond supply and 41%(39 billion dollars) in 2003. However, Debeers shares 50% of market shares in the diamond supply market by Alosa in Russia. In Korea, the diamond grading report system has been used since 1985. But, the diamond grading report system has price bubbles and much irrational parts in grading system methods. Conclusions - 4C, the grading system of diamond, is a method for comparing and evaluating diamond objectively. Diamond is graded according to its color, cut, clarity, and carat. The price of diamond is determined based on its each item. Consumers purchase diamond for the purpose of investment and wearing. In terms of investment, it is recommended to purchase diamond with color of D grade, cut with Excellent or Very Good Cut grade, Clarity of FL or IF, and more than 3 carat. As for wearing purpose, it is highly recommended for diamond to have color of F or G grade, cut of Excellent or Very Good Cut, clarity of VS2 or SI1, and more than 1 carat Before 2000, Central Selling Organization(CSO) distributed about 80 percentages rough diamond to world market exclusively by purchase, classification, assessment, and sales. After 2000, Dbeers diamond company looses slowly market shares, while Almosa diamond company etc. in Russia are taking over world market shares more and more. Debeers market shares have been falling over the years, and the international diamond markets are gradually growing by other international diamond companies. But, there is no change in Korean diamond market after 1980's. Korean diamond distribution needs to follow international level of Diamond Grading System. By using different grading systems with different panel members, Korean diamond grading system needs to follow international perfect grading systems to grow diamond markets and maintain within top 10 diamond markets countries.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.111-116
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• 2002

Permeable polymer concrete has a lot of internal voids, which has more excellent performance in permeability and durability than asphalt and cement concrete. Therefore, in this paper, influences of grading distribution of aggregates on the permeable polymer concrete are presented using polyester resin as binders. According to test results, it shows that compressive strength and unit weight increase with continuous grading distribution and increase of binder content, while void and permeability coefficient shows decline tendency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.929-932
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• 2000

In this paper, physical properties of fresh and hardened mortar for floor using expansion agent are described under various grain shape, grading and chloride contents of aggregates. According to experimental results, as fineness modulous increase, fluidity show high it also shows high with cement mortar using riversand and continuous distribution of grading. We can not detect any difference in fluidity according to chloride contents. Air content shows to be decreased with crushed stone having large fineness modulous and continuous distribute on of grading. chloride content does not influence on the air content. compressive strength tends to increase when crushed sand with continuous distribution of grading is used and chloride contents decreases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effectiveness of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture complex therapy on peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : We investigated 30 cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy, and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment without Bee Venom pharmacopuncture therapy. To investigate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System at baseline, 3 weeks and final. Results : 1. Male, Female is same ratio in distribution of sex, the number of left side is more than that of right side in distribution of lesion, the average age is 49.33. 2. Pain back of the ear showed the highest frequency among Bell's palsy related symptoms at onset, the overwork was a major cause of Bell's palsy in distribution of cause. 3. As a result of evaluation by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System, treatment score after 3weeks was marked higher than that before treatment and treatment score after final treatment was also marked higher than that after 3weeks within each group. 4. After final treatment, Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy group showed signficant difference on Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann, Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System compared with Acupuncture therapy group. Conclusions : Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy can be available for relieving symptoms related with peripheral facial paralysis.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.393-410
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• 2021

The Korean Long-Term Care Insurance (K-LTCI) provides financial support for long-term care service to people who need various types of assistance with daily activities. As the number of elderly people in Korea is expected to increase in the future, the demand for long-term care insurance would also increase over time. Projection of future expenditure on K-LTCI depends on the number of beneficiaries within the grading system of K-LTCI based on the test scores of applicants. This study investigated the suitability of mixture distributions to the model K-LTCI score distribution using recent empirical data on K-LTCI, provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Based on the developed mixture models, the number of beneficiaries in each grade and its variability under the current grading system were estimated by simulation. It was observed that a mixture model is suitable for K-LTCI score distribution and may prove useful in devising a funding plan for K-LTCI benefit payment and investigating the effects of any possible revision in the K-LTCI grading system.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.934-942
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• 2011

This study was intended to analyze conventional grading increments and methods for middle-age men's pants, and to suggest new grading guidelines that will enable to improve satisfaction with size and silhouette as a result of combining the concept of grading, which help maintain the ratio and proportion by sizes as one of ready-made apparel's advantages, with body form oriented and aesthetic approaches. In the apparel industry, the current sizing specifications and methods adopted by relevant companies, as well as the characteristics of body forms of men aged 35 to 55 years were comparatively analyzed to find out problems and ultimately to suggest their solutions or improvements. It was considered that as the conventional grading practices used in the industry were customary on the basis of the past experiences, it was required to take the body forms of target consumers into account and also, to reconsider the conventional grading methods. Analyses of sizing and specifications by brands show that 4 to 19 sizes including 82 or 84 as standard size have been produced. Since men's apparel has a large number of sizes with the large range of sizes, grading is critically important. As silhouettes depend on the distribution of grading rule values at each point of increment pattern in the main regions during grading, it is necessary to consider both size grading and form variations. To maintain an appropriate silhouette with keeping the angle of center back line of a pattern, it is desirable to set the ratio of side line part to center part from the crease line to approximately 3:7. It is required to diversify the values of grading rules according to different sizes and pattern regions in consideration for the body forms of key consumers. In addition, if the natural lines of designs and patterns for the width increments of waist circumference and hip circumference, the increments of hip width in pant's front and back panels, the ratio of grading rule values of the right and left sides of crease line, knee circumference, thigh circumference and so on are taken into account, grading will be satisfactory in the all aspects of size, silhouette and ratio.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.771-778
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• 2009

There may be some problems in size fitness for ready-made-clothes purchasers with fatty body shape especially for them with abdominal obesity. The purpose of this study was to improve the wearing comfort of Middle-aged women slacks by setting grading points and developing grading rules proper to the abdominal obesity. The subjects in this study was over $25kg/m^2$ of the BMI, over 85cm of waist, and over 0.8 of WHR. A total of 176 Middle-aged women satisfyingthem were enrolled. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The majority segment is 85-94 size accounting for the 11.36% of subjects. (2) The measurements on 11 size from three groups after drawing slacks pattern on them revealed that the changed values of slacks front and back on the grading point marked are differ, indicating that it is needed to apply body shape and age specific grading rule. (3) The evaluation on the appearance for wearing slacks showed relatively high score, indicating that the grading between sizes within each group was effective. The studies on the body size distribution on each obesity pattern and on the setting size system reflecting characteristics of each body shape should be performed continuously.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.141-146
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• 2001

Permeable polymer concrete has a lot of internal voids, which has more excellent performance in permeability and durability than asphalt and cement concrete. Therefore, in this paper, influences of grading distribution of aggregates on the permeable polymer concrete are presented using polyester resin as binders. According to test results, it shows that compressive strength and unit weight increase with continuous grading distribution and increase of binder content, while void and permeability coefficient shows decline tendency

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.194-202
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• 2010

There may be some problems in size fitness for ready-made-clothes purchasers with Obese body shape. The purpose of this study was to improve the wearing comfort of Junior-High School Girls' slacks by setting grading points and developing grading rules proper to the obesity. The subjects in this study was over 23 kg/m2 of the BMI. The subjects were 124 Junior-High School Girls of 12 to 14 year-old. The results of this study are as follows: (1) The size intervals of waist girth and hip girth were 3 cm and 4 cm respectively. The sizing system, which had frequencies more than 5%, was classified 8 cases. The majority segment is 76-97 size accounting for the 11.29% of subjects. (2) The measurements on 8 size from two groups after drawing slacks pattern on them revealed that the changed values of slacks front and back on the grading point marked are differ, indicating that it is needed to apply body shape. (3) The evaluation on the appearance for wearing slacks showed relatively high score, indicating that the grading between sizes within each group was effective. The studies on the body size distribution on each obesity pattern and on the setting size system reflecting characteristics of each body shape should be performed continuously.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2011

Comprehensive data collection was carried out between 2001-2006 to investigate the concentration levels of chlorophyll-a, nutrients (DIN and DIP), and COD for surface waters of Korean coastal areas. A statistical analysis of these parameters was carried out on the basis of the frequency distribution of their concentration. Furthermore, the numeric grading for chlorophyll-a, DIN, DIP, and COD concentrations were derived statistically from the normalized frequency distribution of log-transformed data. The statistical grading clearly reflects the water quality characteristics of three Korean coastal water bodies (Western, Southern and Eastern coastal zones), which indicate common environmental and ecological characteristics. So, this study could provide useful information to set up the guideline for water quality assessment of Korean coasts.