• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권5호특별호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2005

The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the degree of difficulty and the causes of the difficulties in science instruction reported by elementary teachers and students. The secondary purpose was to suggest the effective methods to both of them to improve the efficiency of science instruction. For this study, the survey was carried out on 322 students and 156 teachers in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. The questionnaires consisted of interest, difficulty and its factors. The results of this investigation are summarized as follows; 1. Teachers had relatively higher interest than students in science instruction content(textbook). Furthermore, the units that teachers showed interest differed from those that students had. This means that there is a significant difference of interest in instruction process between teachers and students. 2. Teachers felt much higher difficulty than students in the content of science instruction. This shows that the degree of interest might have little relation with that of difficulty, and that teaching of science seemed more difficult than teaming. Moreover, there was a difference of difficulty in the units between the teachers and students. The result shows a distinctive difference of difficulty in 8 units of the 3rd grade, 9 units n the 4th grade, and 12 units in the 5th grade (p<.05, p<.001, p<.005, respectively). It means that the difficulty depended on the units. 3. Students responded that they are responsible for difficulty factors of teaming, otherwise teachers thought that students are responsible for it, when the factors were divided into student factor, teacher factor, and curriculum factor. 4. Students demanded many experiments in the lab as well as easy and interesting instructions in order to reduce the degree of difficulty and to improve the condition of science instructions. However, teachers demanded the expansion of experimental equipments and materials as well as the improvement of the lab condition.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-80
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• 2003

The purpose of this research was to survey and compare the status of science preference of elementary school students with that of middle school students. Preference for science was defined theoretically. According to theoretical model, a questionnaire was developed with piloting and consisted of three parts. First part was for background information, second part, for measurement of science preference and third for measurement of the relevant factors of science preference. The questionnaire was modified for primary school students. In July 2002, the questionnaire was administered to one class per grade of randomly selected 8 elementary and 8 middle schools all over the country and analyzed result of collected 696 elementary school students and 819 middle school students. Middle school students' science preference was low compared with elementary school students, especially in 'emotional response and 'valuational comprehension'. The preference for science became lower especially from 4th to 5th grade and from 8th to 9th grade. The differences of mean science preference were significant by gender. perception of science achievement. and future career choice. The average of science preference relevant factors of middle school students also became lower than elementary students, especially in 'educational factor'. Multiple regression analysis on the science preference showed that important factors were personal ability, the personal traits, rewards in school science and contents of school science, slightly different in elementary and secondary school. The way to promote students' preference for science was suggested on the analysis result.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2006

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the intention of smoking and its related factors in high school students. Methods: Our study subjects were 1,203 high school students who resided in one city and in one county region. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey from June 7 to June 19, 2004. Both the decisional balance and temptation inventory showed high reliability estimates. We provided good fit for the 12-item decisional balance inventory and the 10-item temptation inventory by using a confirmatory factor analysis. We also used multiple logistic regression analysis to identify the major contributing factors for the intention to start smoking. Results: On the univariate analysis, the subjects who were female, the 2nd and 3rd grade students, the students in vocational high school, the ex-drinkers or current drinkers, and ex-smokers were found to be significantly more distributed in the groups with intention to start smoking. Except for the concept of the cons, the group with intention to start smoking showed significantly higher standardized T scores for the 7 concepts of decisional balance and temptations. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, the females, the 2nd and 3rd grade students, the students in vocational high school, the experience of cigarette smoking and low T score of the cons were significantly related to the intention to start smoking. Conclusions: The intention to start smoking in high school students was affected by various factors such as gender, the school grade and the experience of smoking. Therefore, further research should be conducted for providing the essential data for developing a brief instrument for selecting the groups with intention of starting smoking among adolescents.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify nutrition quotient for elderly (NQ-E) and to investigate factors affecting NQ-E of the elderly using welfare center and senior citizen's center in Changwon city. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted between June 2021 and early August 2021 for 320 elderly (≥65 years, male, n=52, female, n=268). As a result of the survey, the mean NQ-E score was 61.12, which was within the medium-high grade. The scores of balance, moderation, and dietary behavior factors were within the medium-high grade, while diversity factor was within the medium-low grade. According to the results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, NQ-E showed positive correlations with the 'with family' (p<0.01), 'education level' (p<0.01), 'health functional foods consumption' (p<0.01), 'monthly household income' (p<0.05), 'nutrition education experience' (p<0.05), 'reading nutrition labeling of health functional foods' (p<0.01), 'perception of the efficacy of health functional foods' (p<0.01), and 'the number of times of leisure activities per week' (p<0.01) and negative correlations with the 'gender' (p<0.05), 'age' (p<0.01), 'smoking' (p<0.05), and 'social frailty' (p<0.01). As a result of multiple regression analysis, 'gender' (p<0.05), 'perception of the efficacy of health functional foods' (p<0.05), 'the number of times of leisure activities per week' (p<0.05), and 'social frailty' (p<0.05) were found to be factors affecting NQ-E. Based on the results of this study, customized services by characteristic, nutrition education, and counseling for the elderly should be implemented and the development of various programs and continuous support of the community are necessary so that the elderly can carry out social exchange.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.357-372
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• 2006

The excessive land activities in farming can cause soil erosion, inundation by a flood, and fallow. So far land evaluation has been analyzed using the land use limitation derived from the excessive land activities. This study was done for evaluating the agricultural fields by using 3 land use limitations, inundation potential, soil erodibility potential, and fallow potential. The study area is Ibang-myeon, Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongnam-province, Korea. A logistic regression model was applied to recognize the inundation potential by a flood in the Nakdong river basin. And potential soil erodibility index (PSEI) was derived from USLE model to analyze the soil erodibility potential. And a probability model from a logistic regression model was applied to detect the fallow potential. Therefore, we found 220.7ha for the 4th grade and 86.1ha for the 5th grade was analyzed as water damage potential. Large area near Nakdong river have problem to grow the rice due to the damage by water inundation. And 213.6ha for the 3rd grade and 103.3ha for 4th grade was detected as a result of the analysis of soil erosion potential. The soil erosion potential was high when within-field integrity of soil was not stable, or the kinetic energy was high or the slope length was long due to a steep slope of a specific land. And 869.1ha for 3rd grade, 174.9ha for 4th grade, and 110.6ha for 5th grade was detected to be distributed having the fallow potential. Especially, a village, having a steep mountain, had 249.5ha for the 3rd grade, which was 28.7% of total area showing the 3rd grade. Finally, Three villages, including An-ri, Geonam-ri, Songgok-ri, showed they had largest area of the suitable land in the study area. These villages had similar topographic condition where they were far from Nakdong river, and they had relatively higher elevation and flat lands.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2005

우리나라 서 남해안에 위치한 59개 갯벌의 다모류 출현 양상을 바탕으로 갯벌의 생태등급을 평가하였다. 갯벌의 생태등급 평가는 다모류의 분포밀도, 다양성, 풍부성, 자원적 가치, 종 위험도 등의 생물학적인 자료와 해안선의 자연성, 훼손 가능성, 지형경관 등의 인문지리학적인 면을 평가기준으로 하였다. 조사지역에서 출현한 다모류는 총 14목 37과 181종이었으며, 각 조사지역의 생태등급은 다음과 같다. I 등급 4개 지역(충남 학암포, 전남 우이도와 거문도, 경남 비진도와 매물도), II 등급 30개 지역, III 등급 19개 지역, IV 등급 4개 지역이었다. 이번 조사 결과 생태등급 기준에 대한 보다 면밀한 검토가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 선정된 각 해역의 생태등급에 따른 정기적인 생물 조사 및 생태계 위협요인의 제거와 같은 실질적인 관리 방안을 마련하여야 할 것으로 판단된다. 특히 생물상 및 자연성이 높은 생태등급 지역의 경우 보다 적극적인 보전 노력이 요구된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact shock wave and its attenuation, and the kinematic response of the lower extremity's joints to the impact shock during downhill running in which the lower extremity's extensor acts dominantly. For this study, fifteen subjects(mean age:$27.08{\pm}4.39$; mass:$76.30{\pm}6.60$; height:$177.25{\pm}4.11$) were required to run on the 0% grade treadmill and downhill grades of 7%, and 15% in random at speed of their preference. When the participant run, acceleration at the tibia and the sacrum and kinematic data of the lower extremity were collected for 20s so as to provide at least 5 strides for analysis at each grade. Peak impact accelerations were used to calculate shock attenuation between the tibia and sacrum in time domain at each grade. Fast Fourier transformation(FFT) and power spectral density(PSD) techniques were used to analyze impact shock factors and its attenuation in the frequency domain. Joint coordinate system technique was used to compute angular displacement of the ankle and knee joint in three dimension. The conclusions were drawn as fellows: 1. Peak impact accelerations of the tibia and sacrum in downhill run were greater than that of 0% grade run, but no significant between conditions. Peak shock of PSD resembled also in pattern of peak impact acceleration. The wave of impact shock attenuation between the tibia and sacrum decreased with increasing grade, but didn't find a significant difference between grade conditions. 2. Adduction/abduction, flexion/extention, and internal/external rotation of the ankle and knee joints at support phase between grade conditions didn't make much difference. 3. At grade of 7% and 15%, there were relationship between the knee of the flexion/extension movement and peak impact acceleration during heel strike and found also it in the ankle of plantar/dorsiflexion at grade of 15%.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.87-107
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• 2022

본 연구는 B급 문화콘텐츠를 활용한 소도시 마케팅의 가능성을 파악하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상을 충주시의 B급 문화콘텐츠를 활용한 도시마케팅으로 선정하고, 온라인 홍보물에 나타난 B급 문화콘텐츠의 특징을 통해, 지역에서의 그 활용 가능성을 알아보았다. 연구방법으로는 소셜미디어에 나타난 해시태그와 댓글 등을 근거이론에 기초하여 코딩 및 분석하는 동시에, 지자체 담당자 심층 인터뷰를 통해 세부사항을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 첫째로 충주시 홍보물은 일반적 B급 문화의 복고/말장난/탈피 등의 특징을 보여주면서도, 특히 소통/참여/공감의 향유 과정을 나타내고 있었다. 둘째, 분석 결과로 비개연성, 상호텍스트성, 확장성, 파괴성, 진정성이 호응·공감의 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째로, '기-결'의 단순한 서사구조를 통해 파급력을 형성하였다. 마지막으로 충주시의 B급 문화콘텐츠 활용의 사례는 문화자산 형성을 통한 지속가능한 도시마케팅의 새로운 가능성을 보여준 것으로 분석되었다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

Purpose: To investigate the various imaging factors associated with aggravation of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and develop a scoring system for prediction of LDH aggravation. Materials and Methods: From 2015 to 2017, we retrospectively reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 60 patients (30 patients with aggravated LDH and 30 patients without any altered LDH). Imaging factors for MRI evaluation included the level of LDH, disc degeneration, back muscle atrophy, facet joint degeneration, ligamentum flavum thickness and interspinous ligament degeneration. Flexion-extension difference was measured with simple radiography. The scoring system was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: The aggravated group manifested a higher grade of disc degeneration, back muscle atrophy and facet degeneration than the control group. The ligamentum flavum thickness in the aggravated group was thicker than in the group with unaltered LDH. The summation score was defined as the sum of the grade of disc degeneration, back muscle atrophy and facet joint degeneration. The area under the ROC curve showing the threshold value of the summation score for prediction of aggravation of LDH was 0.832 and the threshold value corresponded to 6.5. Conclusion: Disc degeneration, facet degeneration, back muscle atrophy and ligamentum flavum thickness are important factors in predicting aggravation of LDH and may facilitate the determination of treatment strategy in patients with LDH. The summation score is available as supplemental data.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 초등학생을 대상으로 수학관의 요인을 규명하고, 이들 하위 요인에 대해 학년 및 성별 차이를 알아보았다. 수학관의 하위요인들로는 자신감, 유용성, 수학의 거부감, 활용능력, 전통적 수학 학습관이라는 5개의 하위 요인으로 설명되어진다. 그리고 3학년, 6학년 각각을 대상으로 수학관에 대한 요인분석을 실시하여 학년 간 요인의 특성을 알아보았다. 분석 결과 요인들은 조사대상자가 처한 상황과 특성에 따라 다를 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 3학년이 6학년보다 자신감과 활용능력 측면에서 보다 긍정적임을 알 수 있었으며, 이는 곧 현장의 수학교육은 수학함이 실행되고, 수학 학습 방법을 강화하여 지도하는 것이 필요함을 시사하는 것임을 알 수 있다.