• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 5, 6학년 영어 교과서에 수록된 읽기 지문의 이독성을 분석하여 학년 간 수직적 연계성과 출판사 간 수평적 연계성을 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 10종의 교과서에 수록된 읽기 지문을 코퍼스로 구축한 후, Coh-Metrix를 통해 각 교과서에 수록된 읽기 지문의 이독성을 분석하였다. 또한 일원배치 분산분석을 통해 산출된 이독성에 학년 간, 출판사 간에 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동일 학년 내 읽기 지문의 출판사간 난이도 차이를 분석하여 수평적 연계성을 살펴본 결과 RDL2 지수에서 5학년 교과서간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 출판사 내에서의 학년 간 수직적 연계성을 분석한 결과 FRE와 FKGL 기준으로 교과서 A의 난이도가 5학년에 비해 6학년에서 높았으며, 이는 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 차이였다. 반면 RDL2를 기준으로 했을 경우 교과서 B의 난이도가 5학년에 비해 6학년에서 더 낮아지는 결과를 보았다. 이러한 결과는 FRE와 FKGL은 문장 길이와 단어 길이 중심으로 이독성을 산출하는 반면, RDL2는 내용어 중복, 단어 빈도 수, 문장의 통사적 유사성 등을 기초로 하고 있기 때문으로 보인다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

치과용 복합레진(Resin-based composite material)의 임상적 결과는 증례의 선택, 기술적인 완성도, 술자의 숙련도등에 따라 다양하게 나타날 수 있다. 특히, 어린이의 제 1 대구치 복합레진 수복은 치아의 맹출 정도와 환아의 협조도 등에 따라 성인의 경우에 비하여 임상적으로 많은 제약을 가지게 된다. 이에 본 연구는 어린이에 시행된 복합 레진 수복물에 대한 5년 후의 평가를 목적으로 시행되었다. 2001년 1월 1일부터 1년 간 부산대학교병원 소아치과에 내원하여 제 1 대구치 복합레진 수복을 받은 16명 환자의 35개 치아에 대하여 modified USPHS criteria에 근거하여 정밀 평가를 시행한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 35개 치아 중 6개(17.1%)는 재수복되어 복합 레진 수복물의 5년 후 생존율은 82.9%로 나타났다. 2. 평가기준별 관찰 결과, 색조의 조화, 마모도, 표면 조도, 민감성 혹은 불편감의 측면에서 이상적인 상태인 A등급은 각각 86.2%, 93.1%, 86.2%, 86.2%로 나타났고, 임상적으로 수용가능한 수준인 B등급은 각각 13.8%, 0%, 13.8%, 10.3%를 보였다. 변연적합성과 변연부 변색의 측면에서 A등급은 각각 13.8%, 44.8%를 보였고 B등급은 79.3%, 34.5%로 나타났으며, 이차 우식의 발생율은 20.7%를 나타내었다. 3. 69.1%인 20개 치아는 7개 항목 모두에서 임상적으로 수용 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.595-606
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• 2022

Industrial pig breeding has used the Duroc breed and terminal sires in a three-way crossbred system in Korea. This study identified the gene variation patterns related to carcass quality in crossbred pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) using whole-exome sequencing (WES). This study used crossbred pigs and divided them into two groups (first plus grade, n = 5; second grade, n = 5). Genomic DNA samples extracted from the loin muscles of both groups were submitted for WES. A set of validated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: n = 102) were also subjected to the Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) to confirm the WES results in the loin muscles. Based on the WES, SNPs associated with meat quality were found on chromosomes 5, 10, and 15. We identified variations in three of the candidate genes, including kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B), GLI family zinc finger 2 (GLI2), and KIF26B, that were associated with meat color, marbling score, and backfat thickness. These genes were associated with meat quality and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathways in the crossbred pigs. These results may help clarify the mechanisms underlying high-quality meat in pigs.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2023

Titanium alloy (grade-4) is commonly used in industrial and medical applications. To improve its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility for medical use, it is necessary to form a titanium oxide film. In this study, the morphology of the oxide film formed by anodizing Ti-grade 4 using different electrolytes was analyzed. Wetting properties before and after surface modification with SAM coating were also observed. Electrolytes used were categorized as A, B, and C. Electrolyte A consisted of 0.3 M oxalic acid and ethylene glycol. Electrolyte B consisted of 0.1 M NH₄F and 0.1 M H₂O in ethylene glycol. Electrolyte C consisted of 0.07 M NH₄F and 1 M H₂O in ethylene glycol. Samples B and C exhibited a porous structure, while sample A formed a thickest oxide film with a droplet-like structure. AFM analysis and contact angle measurements showed that sample A with the highest roughness exhibited the best hydrophilicity. After surface modification with SAM coating, it displayed superior hydrophobicity. Despite having the thickest oxide film, sample A showed the lowest insulation resistance due to its irregular structure. On the other hand, sample C with a thick and regular porous oxide film demonstrated the highest insulation resistance.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2020

Background: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the theoretical and practical knowledge levels of dental assistant students about Hepatitis B Virus. Methods: The 1st and 2nd grade students of the Oral and Dental Health program were invited to participate in the survey. Out of the 68 invited students, 61 completed the questionnaire. The average ages of the male and female students surveyed were 20.27±1.45 and 19.56±1.16, respectively. A total of 34 questions were asked, of which 15 measured basic theoretical knowledge and 19 assessed basic practical knowledge. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the students' knowledge for each question according to their sex and grade. When the questionnaire was grouped into basic theoretical and basic practical knowledge levels, both were observed to be high. While the lowest correct answer rate was 35.00% for the questions about practical applications, it was 31.14% for the questions measuring the level of theoretical knowledge. There was no statistically significant difference when the levels of knowledge of 1st and 2nd grade students were compared. Students answered the majority of the questions correctly, and ranged between 71% and 100%. Conclusion: Students' high level of basic theoretical knowledge can be a result of their in-class education on the fundamentals. However, their knowledge about the correct approaches in practical applications indicates the beneficial role of having well-defined criteria and prevention protocols that are required in hospitals and the effectiveness of their environmental orientations.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2023

In this study, bending and compression strength tests were performed to investigate effect of composition of layer layout of Larix cross-laminated timber (CLT) on mechanical properties. The Larix CLT consists of five laminae, and specimens were classified into four types according to grade and composition of layer. The layer's layout were composited as follows 1) cross-laminating layers in major and minor direction (Type A), and 2) cross-laminating external layer in major direction and internal layer applied grade of layer in minor direction (Type B). E12 and E16 were used as grades of lamina for major direction layer of Type A and external layer of Type B according to KS F 3020. In results of the bending test of CLT using same grade layer according to layer composition, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Type B was higher than Type A. In case of prediction of bending MOE of Larix CLT, the experimental MOE was higher than 1.00 to 1.09 times for Shear analogy method and 1.14 to 1.25 times for Gamma method. Therefore, it is recommended to predict the bending MOE for Larix CLT by shear analogy method. Compression strength of CLT in accordance with layer composition was measured to be 2% and 9% higher for Type A using E12 and E16 layers than Type B, respectively. In failure mode of Type A, progress direction of failure generated under compression load was confirmed to transfer from major layer to minor layer by rolling shear or bonding line failure due to the middle lamina in major direction.

• 농촌계획
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop the landscape resource assessment system(LRAS) to help evaluate the value of landscape resources(Jeju Island's Stonewall fencing farming land) for the introduction of direct payment system of the landscape preservation objectively and to applicate the model in the fields. Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts shows that the order of priority among value evaluation elements on Jeju's stonewall is its harmony with surroundings(34%), the preservation of its original state(34%) and its density and scale(32%). Evaluation system development of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing filming land) and field observation survey utilizing it consists of the following five steps. Step 1 includes the first Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to decide its value evaluation elements and their priority. Step 2 is the second Delphi survey on Jeju's stonewall experts to grade pictures of landscape resources(Jeju's stonewall fencing farming land) on the basis of expert-proposed value evaluation standards. Step 3 consists of analysis work using the result of Delphi survey on experts. Step 4 is to select five grade standard pictures according to each of three grading elements of A, B, C belonging to each of the three standards. Then, it is necessary to make panels including five A-grade pictures, five B-grade pictures and five C-grade pictures according to each of the three elements of density, harmony, and original state preservation. Step 5 consists of field observation survey. According to the result of few experts' value evaluation of stonewall fencing farming land with the aid of NRAS developed in this research, the area of Pyeongdae-ri is ranked first, and then the area of Bukcheon-ri, Chocheon-up, the area of Gwakgi-ri, Ewol-up, the area of Shinum-ri, Ewol-up and the area of Yongsu-ri, hankyung-Myun are ranked in the order named. When those areas are graded, A Grade Areas includes the areas of Pyeongdae-ri, the area of Bukcheon-ri, the area of Gwakgi-ri, B Grade Areas consist of the area of Shinum-ri and the area of Yongsu-ri, and the areas of Onpyeong, wimi and youngrak belong to C Grade Area.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.1519-1526
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• 2023

For the first time Aluminium-BariumeZinc oxide nanocomposite (ZABONC) was synthesized by solution combustion method where calcination was carried out at low temperatures (600℃) to study the electromagnetic (EM) (X/γ) radiation shielding properties. Further for characterization purpose standard techniques like PXRD, SEM, UV-VISIBLE, FTIR were used to find phase purity, functional groups, surface morphology, and to do structural analysis and energy band gap determination. The PXRD pattern shows (hkl) planes corresponding to spinel cubic phase of ZnAl₂O4, cubic Ba(NO₃)₂, α and γ phase of Al₂O₃ which clearly confirms the formation of complex nano composite. From SEM histogram mean size of nano particles was calculated and is in the order of 17 nm. Wood and Tauc's relation direct energy band gap calculation gives energy gap of 2.9 eV. In addition, EM (X/γ) shielding properties were measured and compared with the theoretical ones using standard procedures (NaI (Tl) detector and multi channel analyzer MCA). For energy above 356 keV the measured shielding parameters agree well with the theory, while below this value slight deviation is observed, due to the influence of atomic/crystallite size of the ZABONC. Hence synthesized ZABONC can be used as a shielding material in EM (X/γ) radiation shielding.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2015

The effects of quality grade and storage time on physicochemical, sensory properties and microbial population of Hanwoo striploin beef were investigated. After a total of 30 Hanwoo beef were slaughtered, the cold carcasses were graded by official meat grader at 24 h postmortem. The carcasses were categorized into five groups (quality grade 1++, 1+, 1, 2, and 3) and were vacuum-packaged and stored. The samples were kept for 1, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22 and 25 d for analyses. As the quality grade was increased, moisture, protein and ash contents decreased (p<0.05). Higher quality grade corresponded with higher fat contents. The shear force values decreased with increasing quality grade and showed decreases sharply during the first 4 d (p<0.05). pH, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and volatile basic nitrogen for grade 1++ groups were lower than for grade 3 (p<0.05). CIE L* and b* values increased as increased quality grade (p<0.05). Meat color decreased until 13 d and fluctuated after 15 d of storage (p<0.05). Regarding the sensory scores, higher quality grade corresponded with higher juiciness, tenderness, flavor, fatty and palatability scores (p<0.05). Generally, increased storage time for 15 d improved sensory scores attributes. Results indicate that a high quality grade could positively influence physicochemical and sensory properties.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to assess dietary fiber intake and the relationship between dietary fiber intake and nutrient intakes of elementary school students. Food consumption of 200 elementary school students (100 boys, 100 girls) in the 6th grade in Gimhae was assessed by 2-day estimated food records. Nutrient intakes were calculated using CAN-pro and total dietary fiber (TDF) intake using the TDF tables of the common Korean foods. The mean height and weight of the boys were 147.7 cm and 42.1 kg. The mean height and weight of the girls were 149.1 cm and 41.1 kg. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the boys (19.3 $kg/m^2$) was significantly higher than that of the girls (18.4 $kg/m^2$, p < 0.05). Average daily intake of energy of the boys and girls was 1733 and 1778 kcal, respectively. Intakes of protein, P, and niacin of the boys and girls exceeded $110\%$ of current RDA. Intakes of Fe, vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin $B_2$ of the boys were similar to RDA. Intake of vitamin $B_1$ exceeded $110\%$ of current RDA and intakes of Fe and vitamin A were similar to RDA among the girls. Ca intake of the boys and girls was $74.2\%$ and $60.1\%$ of RDA, respectively. Vitamin C intake of the boys and girls were $63.6\%$ and $71.7\%$ of RDA, respectively. Intakes of fat, Ca, P, and vitamin $B_2$ of the boys were significantly higher than the girls. Intakes of Fe and vitamin A of the boys were significantly lower than the girls. Average daily intakes of TDF of the boys and girls were 11.2 g and 11.1 g, respectively. TDF intake of the children at the 6th grade of elementary school was about $70\%$ of 'age (yr) + 5 g', a recommended level for American children. Major food groups to supply dietary fiber were vegetables, grains, and seasonings among the boys and girls. Major sources of dietary fiber were Kimchi, rice, and red pepper powder which supplied $17.85\%$. $15.71\%$, and $5.18\%$ of TDF among the boys and $18.02\%$, $16.22\%$, and $6.58\%$ among the girls. Daily fiber intake showed significant positive correlations with intakes of grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and seasonings among the boys and girls. Daily fiber intake showed significant positive correlations with intakes of energy, carbohydrates, protein, lipids, Ca, P, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$ vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and vitamin C among both the boys and girls. From the results of this study we could conclude that it is recommended to increase dietary fiber intake in elementary school students at upper level.