• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2001

The $M_r$ 63,000 glycoprotein (GP63) and lipophosphoglycan (LPG) of Leishmania donovani were evaluated as vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis. Mice were immunized with liposomeencapsulated GP63 and/or LPG that were purified from the soluble extract of L. donovani promastigotes, and were challenged with virulent amastigotes. Mice immunized with GP63/LPG in liposomes plus BCG resulted in a 27.4% reduction of amastigotes in the liver compared to the control group (liposomes plus BCG), and mice immunized with liposome-GP63 plus BCG failed to induce a protective immune response against the challenge infection. Immunization of mice with GP63 fused to the Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase (GP63-GST) plus BCG also failed to elicit protective immunity. To analyze the cause of failure to induce protection, cytokine release from the spleen cells of immunized mice and Leishmania-specific serum antibodies were analyzed. Spleen cells from mice immunized with GP63-GST plus BCG that were exposed to soluble extract of L. donovani in vitro produced 10-fold greater quantities of IFN-gamma and 3-fold greater quantities of IL-5 than cells from mice receiving BCG only or saline. Western blot analysis revealed that sera from these mice had Leishmania-specific antibodies recognizing 1 to 3 antigens of L. donovani with M. W. of 60-65 kDa. Although immunization of mice with GP63-GST induced a strong Th1 response, this study indicated that GP63-GST simultaneously elicited the Th2 response of the CD4+ T-cell, which was known to abrogate the protective immune response conferred by the Th1 effector function.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 1991

The DNA fragment representing for Pseudorabies gp50 and gp60(Shope) was cloned by recombinant techniques. The viral DNA was extracted from the infected cells and digested with Bam HI. The 6.8 Kb of Bam HI fragment was isolated from agarose gel and further digested with Nde I followed by Klenow treatment. The blunt ended 4.9Kb fragment was cloned into pTZ18R plasmid vector. The upstream region of gp50 was further manipulated to remove its 5' promoter region and create EcoRl site for possible eukaryotic expression system. The result of partial sequencing of cloned DNA indicated that Shope strain showed 95% homology with gp50 of Rice strain.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.14 no.2 s.36
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• pp.63-70
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• 2007

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of r-gp-open map, weakly r-gp-open map, intuitionistic fuzzy r-compactness, nearly intuitionistic fuzzy r-compactness and almost intuitionistic fuzzy r-compactness defined by intuitionixtic gradations of openness, and obtain some characterizations.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose the optimized binarization in the GP-GPU. Because the binarinztion is esily paralledlized, we propose two ways of binary operations that utilize GP-GPU. The first method was to divide data load, subtraction and conversion, data store. The second method was processed collectibely. The second method was 2.52 times faster than the first method. After synthesizing the GP-GPU to the FPGA, the GP-GPU on the binarization were compared with the binarization on the ODROID XU. The binarization on the GP-GPU was 1.89 times faster than the binarization on the ODROID XU.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 1998

In this study, a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against gp41(584-618), the immunodominant epitope protein, was generated. For this purpose, BALB/c mice were immunized with double branched multiple antigenic peptides derived from the HIV-1 gp41(584-618) sequence, and antibody-secreting hybridoma were produced by fusion of mice splenocytes with SP2/0 myeloma cells. One clone producing an antigen specific mAb, termed KI-41(isotype IgG1) was identified, whose specific reactivity against gp41(584-618) could be confirmed by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Epitope mapping revealed the recognition site of the mAb KI-41 to be located around the sequence RILAVERYLKDQQLLG, which comprises the N-terminal region within the immunized gp41(584-618) peptied. Since this mAb recognizes this specific epitope within the HIV-1 gp41 without any cross-reactivity to other immunodominant regions in the HIV-2 gp35, KI-41 will provide some alternative possibilities in further applications such as the development of indirect or competitive ELISA for specific antibody detection in HIV-1 infection or for other basic researches regarding the role and function of HIV-1 gp41.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to assess defibrillator pad positioning by the general public and healthcare providers during basic life support (BLS) renewal education (RE). Methods: A total 130 subjects performed defibrillation using an automated external defibrillator (AED) equipped with electrode pads developed by the researchers and male resuscitation manikins, in order to assess electrode pad placement (EPP) before BLS RE. Subjects included 54 Healthcare providers (HP) and 76 members of the general public (GP). Results: The apex EPP was positioned in the risk area (RA), more than 5 cm distant from the area recommended, by 63.2% of the GP (n = 48). The apex EPP was positioned in the RA by 44.4% of the HP (n = 23). The distance from the apex (GP $5.27{\pm}2.21cm$, HP $4.18{\pm}1.71cm$) was statistically significant, using Student's t-test. Conclusion: For both GP and HP, apex EPP was significantly in error. Thus, to prevent defibrillation failures, EPP education and practice for GP and HP in all BLS education programs should be improved, and incorrect Korean cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines and related literature should be revised and corrected.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2011

The effects of herbal ethanol extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP extract) on chronic stress-induced anxiety in mice were investigated. The animals were treated with GP extracts (50 and 100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 21 days before exposure to electric footshock (EF; duration and interval 10 sec for 3 min, 2 mA) for chronic stress once a day. The ambulatory locomotor activity was reduced by chronic EF stress and it was recovered by 12.9-15.1% in GP extract-treated groups. The grip strength was also significantly decreased by chronic EF stress, however, the EF-stressed groups treated with GP extract increased grip strength from 13.9% to 56.8% compared to EF-stressed groups. In addition, the serum levels of corticosterone were significantly elevated by chronic EF stress to 197% of the control levels, which was reduced to 73.1% by treatment with GP extract (100 mg/kg). In contrast, the brain levels of dopamine and serotonin were reduced to 67.6% and 63.1% by chronic EF stress, which was recovered to 90% of the control levels by treatment with GP extract. These results indicate that GP extract shows the ameliorating effects on chronic EF stress-induced anxiety in mice and it can be developed as the promising anti-anxiety agent.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.363-368
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• 2008

Two genes of temperate mycobacteriophage L5, namely, gp63 and gp64, were hypothesized to be toxic to M. smegmatis. An identical L5 gp64 ortholog (designated hlg1) was cloned from homoimmune mycobacteriophage L1 and characterized at length here. As expected, hlg1 affected the growth of M. smegmatis when overexpressed from a resident plasmid. HLG1 (the protein encoded by hlg1) in fact caused growth retardation of M. smegmatis and the region encompassing its 57-114 C-terminal amino acid residues was found indispensable for its growthretardation activity. Both nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis were severely impaired in M. smegmatis expressing HLG1. Interestingly, HLG1 also affected E. coli almost similarly. This putative delayed early lipoprotein did not participate in the lytic growth of L1.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.869-878
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• 2023

Objective: Hyperketonemia remains a major metabolic issue of serious milk production and a major health concern in early lactation cows. Oral supplementation of glucose precursors (GP) can be used to prevent hyperketonemia in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of orally supplementing a mixture of GP on metabolic health indicators and milk production status of primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows. Methods: Twenty-eight Holstein cows were blocked by expected date of parturition, previous lactation yield, and parity. The cows were randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups (n = 7 cows/group) based on their parity and GP supplementation: i) PP cows fed basal diet only (PP-CON), ii) PP cows with oral supplementation of GP (PP-GP), iii) MP cows fed basal diet only (MP-CON), and iv) MP cows with oral supplementation of GP (MP-GP). Glucose precursor (glycoline liquid) was orally drenched (300 mL/d) in GP cows from 7 days prepartum through 7 days postpartum. Other than GP supplementation, all cows were fed similar pre- and postpartum basal diets. Results: In both pre- and postpartum periods, serum glucose concentration was increased, whereas β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids were decreased in GP cows compared with the CON cows. Milk yield and milk components were statistically not different between GP and CON cows over the first 9 week of lactation. The yield of actual milk, energy-corrected milk, 63-days cumulative milk, colostrum yield, and calf birth weight remained higher in MP cows compared with PP cows. Conclusion: Oral drenching of GP around calving can be recommended to successfully improve the metabolic health and reduce the negative effects of hyperketonemia not only in MP but also in PP dairy cows.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.266-272
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• 2006

Numerous reports have evaluated the predictive ability of carcass probes for meat quality using measurements taken early postmortem or near 24 h. The intervening time period, however, has been largely ignored. In this study, the capacity of three probes [pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and grading probe light reflectance (GP)] to predict pork longissimus muscle quality (drip and cooking losses, Warner-Bratzler shear, $L^*$, n = 30) was evaluated at 45 min, 90 min, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postmortem. The strongest relationships were observed between cooking loss and 6 h EC and GP ($R^2$ = 0.66, 0.72), and $L^*$ and GP ($R^2$ = 0.57-0.66, 12-48 h). pH was most valuable early postmortem ($R^2$ = 0.63, 90 min with cooking loss). GP at 6 h most effectively ($R^2$ = 0.84) predicted a two factor (cooking loss+$L^*$) meat quality index. Results emphasize the predictive value of measures taken between 3 and 12 h postmortem.