• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.359-364
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• 1990

The present study was performed to evaluate the hypoglycemic mechanism of brazilin. Brazilin significantly reduced plasma glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetie rats and this effect seems to be mediated by extrapancratic effects rather than by pacreatic effect because no significant changes were observed in plasma insulin levels. The rates of glycogen synthesis, glycolysis and glucose oxidation in soleus muscle were markedly increased following brazilin treatment to diabetic animals. Glucose transport seemed to be increased by the treatment of brazilin. Brazilin did not affect insulin binding to muscles from streptozotiocin induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that potentiation of periopheral glucose utilization may be one of the major causes of hypoglucemic action of brazilin.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1797-1802
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• 2008

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was metabolically engineered to improve 1,2-propanediol production. Deletion of the tpil (triosephosphate isomerase) gene in S. cerevisiae increased the carbon flux to DHAP (dihydroxylacetone phosphate) in glycolysis, resulting in increased glycerol production. Then, the mgs and gldA genes, the products of which convert DHAP to l,2-propanediol, were introduced to the tpil-deficient strain using a multicopy plasmid. As expected, the intracellular level of methylglyoxal was increased by introduction of the mgs gene in S. cerevisiae and that of 1,2-propanediol by introduction of both the mgs and gldA genes. As a result, 1.11 g/l of 1,2-propanediol was achieved in flask culture.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.78-78
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• 2003

The glycolysis is one of the most important metabolic reactions through which the glucose is broken and the released energy is stored in the form of ATP. Rhythmic oscillation of the intracellular ATP is observed as the amount of the influx glucose is small in the yeast. The oscillation is also observed in the population of the yeast cells, which implies that the glycolytic oscillation of the yeasts is synchronous. It is not clear how the synchronous oscillation could be organized among the yeast cells. Although detailed mathematical models are available that show synchronization of the glycolytic oscillation, the stability of the synchronous oscillation is not clear. We introduce a phase model analysis that reduces a higher dimensional mathematical model to a much simpler one dimensional phase model. Then, the stability of the synchronous oscillation is easily determined by the stability of the corresponding fixed solution in the phase model. The effect of perturbation on the oscillatory rhythm is also easily analyzed in the reduced phase model.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 1995

CDP-choline is known as an intermediate of lecithin biosynthesis, and as an important drug for nervous diseases of the brain, For the bioconversion of CMP and choline to CDP-choline, ATP is required as an energy source. In these studies, the biosynthetic reaction of CDP-choline was coupled with ATP regenerating system by glycolysis. As a microorganism containing the highest conversion activity of CMP and choline to CDP-choline, Candida utilis ATCC 42416 was selected. The optimum reaction condition were 50mM choline chloride, 20mM CMP, 100mM potassium phosphate (pH8.0), 300mM glucose, 50mM MgSO4, 10% dried cells with shaking incubation at 3$0^{\circ}C$. The reaction was thus performed for 10 hours under the above optimum conditions. The concentration of CDP-choline was 16mM(80% in conversion ratio).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.885-888
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• 2008

In this work, we demonstrate that glycolytic intermediates can serve as efficient energy sources to regenerate ATP during continuous-exchange cell-free (CECF) protein synthesis reactions. Through the use of an optimal energy source, approximately 10 mg/ml of protein was generated from a CECF protein synthesis reaction at greatly reduced reagent costs. Compared with the conventional reactions utilizing phosphoenol pyruvate as an energy source, the described method yields 10-fold higher productivity per unit reagent cost, making the techniques of CECF protein synthesis a more realistic alternative for rapid protein production.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2018

My professional journey to understand the glucose homeostasis began in the 1990s, starting from cloning of the promoter region of glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) gene that led us to establish research foundation of my group. When I was a graduate student, I simply thought that hyperglycemia, a typical clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), could be caused by a defect in the glucose transport system in the body. Thus, if a molecular mechanism controlling glucose transport system could be understood, treatment of T2DM could be possible. In the early 70s, hyperglycemia was thought to develop primarily due to a defect in the muscle and adipose tissue; thus, muscle/adipose tissue type glucose transporter (GLUT4) became a major research interest in the diabetology. However, glucose utilization occurs not only in muscle/adipose tissue but also in liver and brain. Thus, I was interested in the hepatic glucose transport system, where glucose storage and release are the most actively occurring.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.264-275
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• 2022

The regulation of macrophages is a major target for dietary immune modulation for their involvement in both innate and adoptive immune responses. Studies revealed that macrophages are unique in their plasticity to polarize into either inflammatory M1 subset or anti-inflammatory M2 cells. Recently, cellular energy metabolism including both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is demonstrated to control macrophage dichotomy. In this review, the differential utilization of glucose, lipids, amino acids, and irons by M1 and M2 cells are discussed in detail. In addition, several dietary approaches for the alteration of inflammatory M1 cells to M2 phenotypes are reviewed for development of functional foods for immune regulation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2_spc호
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• pp.374-384
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• 2023

Skeletal muscle metabolism regulates homeostatic balance in animals. The metabolic impact persists even after farm animal skeletal muscle is converted to edible meat through postmortem rigor mortis and aging. Muscle metabolites resulting from animal growth and postmortem storage have a significant impact on meat quality, including flavor and color. Metabolomics studies of postmortem muscle aging have identified metabolisms that contain signatures inherent to muscle properties and the altered metabolites by physiological adaptation, with glycolysis as the pivotal metabolism in postmortem aging. Metabolomics has also played a role in mining relevant postmortem metabolisms and pathways, such as the citrate cycle and mitochondrial metabolism. This leads to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the generation of key compounds that are associated with meat quality. Genetic background, feeding strategy, and muscle type primarily determine skeletal muscle properties in live animals and affect post-mortem muscle metabolism. With comprehensive metabolite detection, metabolomics is also beneficial for exploring biomarker candidates that could be useful to monitor meat production and predict the quality traits. The present review focuses on advances in farm animal muscle metabolomics, especially postmortem muscle metabolism associated with genetic factors and muscle type.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2024

Land plants produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₂) through photosynthesis by utilizing carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and light energy. Glucose can be stored in various polysaccharide forms for later use (e.g., sucrose in fruit, amylose in plastids), used to create cellulose, the primary structural component of cell walls, and immediately metabolized to generate cellular energy, adenosine triphosphate, through a series of respiratory pathways including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, plants must metabolize glucose into amino acids, nucleotides, and various plant hormones, which are crucial for regulating many aspects of plant physiology. This review will summarize the biosynthesis of different plant hormones, such as auxin, salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, in relation to glucose metabolism.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.424-429
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• 2008

김치 starter로 개량된 유기산내성 변이균주 L. paramesenteroides P-200이 갖는 강한 내산성에 관한 생리적 성질을 규명하기 위하여 proton 투과도, ATPase 활성, glycolysis 활성, $Mg^{++}$ 해리도, 세포막의 지방산 조성을 야생균주 (LP-W)와 비교 분석하였다. Proton 투과도 설험 결과 150 mM KCl 수용액 및 3% NaCl 수용액에서 변이균주 P-200의 $t_{1/2}$ 최대값이 pH 4.0, 5.0 그리고 6.0에서 모두 야생균주 LP-W 보다 2내지 3분 정도 더 큰 값을 가지며 실제 proton 투과도 실험에서 proton의 평형을 이루는 시간이 LP-W 보다 약 50% 정도 더 길었다. ATPase 활성의 결과에서도 최대 활성은 P-200이 pH 5에서 0.7unit/mg을, LP-W가 pH 6에서 0.6unit/mg을 나타내어, 산성 환경에서 P-200이 LP-W보다 더욱 높은 활성을 유지하였다. 또한 전체 pH 4-7 범위에서 P-200이 야생균주 LP-W 보다 높은 활성을 보였다. 해당작용의 pH 의존성 결과에서는 최대 활성이 P-200은 pH 4에서 97%이었고, LP-W는 pH 5에서 96%이었다 그리고 pH 5를 제외하면 측정한 pH 3-7 범위에서 LP-W에 비하여 P-200이 높은 해당작용 활성을 보였다. $Mg^{++}$ 해리도에 있어서는 pH 4에서 2시간 경과 후 P-200이 LP-W 보다 약 1/3 정도 $Mg^{++}$이 유출되었다. 지방산조성의 경우, LP-W에서 내산성을 증가시키는 $C_{19:0\;cyclo}$은 0%이었으나 P-200의 경우는 11.4%로 크게 증가하였다. 따라서 이상 5가지 내산성특성을 조사한 것 중 지방산조성에서 가장 큰 차이를 보였는데, 무엇보다 $C_{19:0\;cyclo}$가 0%에서 11.4%로 크게 증가하여 이러한 지방산 조성의 변화가 P-200이 LP-W 보다 더 강한 내산성을 가질 수 있었던 것에 가장 크게 기여하였을 것으로 생각되었다.