• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.705-710
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the difference of antimicrobial activity between $\varepsilon$-polylysine/grapefruit seed extract mixture and $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture against food-borne pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the $\varepsilon$-polylysine/grapefruit seed extract mixture was 100 times lower than that of the $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture. In case of the $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture the MIC of Bacillus cereus (0.1 $\mu$L/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.1 $\mu$L/mL) were lower than that of Escherishia coli (15 $\mu$L/mL). When rices were cooked with the $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture the number of total microbial cell was decreased during storage at 2$0^{\circ}C$ as concentration of the $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture increased. The antimicrobial activity was the highest against Escherishia coli as the concentration of the $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture increased. Sensory terms such as taste, flavor and texture were not significantly different in cooked rices prepared with 0.5% $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture, but there was significantly different in cooked rices prepared with 1% (p＜0.05) in the overall acceptability, indicating that the cooked rice with 0.5% $\varepsilon$-polylysine/glyceride mixture was recommended.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2013

To study the effects of structural difference and fatty acid chain length of glyceride, new dispersion agents having various glyceride structures such as mono-, di-, and tri-, were prepared using glycerol extracted from palm oil and fatty acid having various chain length ranges from 12 to 18. These dispersion agents were mixed with the rubber compounds and compared with conventional metal salt dispersion agents. Glyceride dispersion agent provided remarkable improvement in silica dispersion, compared to metal salt fatty acidic one, even though the viscosity of mixtures was relatively high due to low lubricating effect, and this was approved by mechanical properties, wear properties, and Payne effect. Also, the longer in chain length of fatty acid and the smaller in numbers of fatty acid, the dispersity of silica was improved.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to determine the contributions of acetate, glucose, amino acids and amino acid metabolites as carbon precursors for the incorporation of radioisotope, in intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue and the effects of insulin on lipogenesis and adrenergic agent, norepinephrine on lipolysis in both tissues. The rate of incorporation of $C^{14}$ labelled acetate, glucose, leucine, isoleucine and ${\alpha}$-ketoisocaproic acid into adipose tissue has been measured in subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues. The rate of incorporation was greater (p<0.05) from acetate than glucose in both subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue and the rate of incorporation of carbon precursors into adipose tissues was greater in subcutaneous than in intramuscular adipose tissues. In comparison of amino acids, the rate was highest (p<0.05) with leucine followed by isoleucine and ${\alpha}$-ketoisocaproic acid in subcutaneous adipose tissue, in which there were no differences. Also, in intramuscular tissue, leucine was highest (p<0.05), and the rate of incorporation decreased in the same order. The rates of carbon precursor incorporation appeared to be higher in subcutaneous than in intramuscular tissue. For incorporation of radio-labelled acetate and glucose into intramuscular adipose tissue. preincubated for 48 hrs with insulin and IGF-1, insulin was the most effective to stimulate the incorporation of precursors in both substrates but there was no difference between insulin and IGF-1 in glucose incorporation. For glyceride-fatty acid synthesis, acetate was significantly (p<0.05) greater than glucose in both subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue, and glyceride-glycerol synthesis was greater (p<0.05) for glucose than acetate in both adipose tissues. The rates of lipogenesis from both precursors were slightly greater in subcutaneous than intramuscular adipose tissue. There was significant (p<0.05) site effect in insulin treatment for glyceride-fatty acid synthesis. But there were no significance in control and norepinephrine. For glyceride-glycerol synthesis, there was no site effect caused by hormonal treatment. Insulin was the most effective (p<0.05) in glyceride fatty acid synthesis, while norepinephrine was the same as control. Compared with control, glyceride-glycerol synthesis from acetate in insulin treatment was significantly (p<0.05) low in subcutaneous, but high in intramuscular tissue. At the same time, in both tissues, it was lower in norepinephrine treatment than in control. Glyceride-glycerol synthesis from glucose was highest (p<0.05) in norepinephrine treatment followed by insulin although there was no significance between insulin and control. Lipolysis was not affected by insulin but was increased by norepinephrine when added to adipose tissue incubations in vitro. Rates of basal lipolysis were greater in subcutaneous adipose tissue than in intramuscular adipose tissue.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of lecithin, mono-glyceride and mono-diglyceride on apparent total tract and ileal nutrient digestibilities in nursery pigs. Twenty [(Landrace$\times$Yorkshire)$\times$ Duroc] barrows were surgically fitted with simple T-cannulas. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet: soy oil), 2) LO (lecithin 0.5%), 3) MO (mono-glyceride 0.5%), 4) MG (mono-glyceride 1.0%) and 5) MDG (mono-diglyceride 1.0%). In apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, dry matter (DM) and gross energy (GE) digestibilities of MDG treatments were higher than LO and MG treatments (p<0.05). In nitrogen (N) digestibility, LO treatment showed the lowest compared to others (p<0.05). The digestibility of crude fat was higher in MDG treatment than CON and LO treatments (p<0.05). In apparent ileal nutrient digestibility, DM digestibility was higher in MDG treatment than LO and MG treatments (p<0.05). GE digestibility was higher in MDG treatment than LO, MO and MG treatments (p<0.05). N digestibility of MDG treatment was greater than LO treatment (p<0.05). Also, the digestibility of crude fat was higher in MDG treatment than CON and LO treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, mono-diglyceride can increase apparent total tract nutrient and apparent ileal nutrient digestibilities of DM, GE, N and crude fat.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1974

Fatty acids of Gingko biloba lipid and its binding position were determined by using pancreatic lipase. Optimum conditions for hydrolysis of glyceride were found as 9mg of lipase and 5 min reaction time for 50 mg of TG. The results showed that oleic acid and linoleic acid were presented about 40% and 29.7%, respectively, but linoleic acid was very small comparing with other seeds. It was found that both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were almost equally distributed at ${\beta}\;and\;{\alpha}{\cdot}{\alpha}'-position$ of TG.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.90-95
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• 1998

Experiments on the process development for the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil by using acyl chain specificity of Candida cylindracea lipase were performed. Five kinds of oils were hydrolyzed with Candida cylindracea lipase. Among then, Candida cylindracea lipase just had low activity on the PUFAs-rich fish oil. After the hydrolysis of fish oil, free fatty acid was removed and fatty acid components of glyceride mixtures were analyzed. When the hydrolysis was about 70%, the DHA content in the glyceride mixture was about three times more than that in the original fish oil. The EPA and stearidonic acid contents in the glyceride mixtures, however, were similar to that of the original fish oil. In this work, these results showed that the concentration process of PUFAs by using the acyl chain specificity of Candida cylindreacea lipase was effective in producing glycerides that contained a high concentration of PUFAs in good yield.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1991

The purposes of this studies were to investigate the effect of dietry Se levels and alcohol administration on the lipid hyperoxidation and the lipid metabolism in the rat. Seventy two male rats of Sprague-Dawley Strain weighting about 58~629 were divided into 12groups. The dietary Se levels were 10, 0.4 and Omg, and the dietary a-tocopherol levels were 150 and 0mg per kg diet, respectively. Alcohol-administrated groups received drinking water solution containing 10% of ethanol from the 3-weeks of experimental periods. The obtained experimental results are summarized as follows. 1. Food intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in H-, L-and alcohol administrated groups(-A) by administrated Se and alcohol in diet. The weight of liver and spleen tended to be greater in H- and alcohol administrated groups. 2. The glutathione values in liver tend to be lower in alcohol or Vit. E administrated groups than nonadministrated groups. Also there were higher in H- and L- than C-groups, but the increasing range decreased due to administrated alcohol. The lipid peroxide values In liver were significantly higher in alcohol groups, and L- and tocopherol groups were higher values. Specially the increasing of lipid peroxide values were significantly effected by alcohol in low Se and Vit. E groups. 3. The contents of total glyceride in plasma were higher in alcohol groups, there were significantly higher values in alcohol administrated groups under low Se and Vit. E groups. The contents of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol In plasma were significantly higher in alcohol groups. 4. The contents of total lipid in liver were higher alcohol groups, and slightly higher values in low Se groups(L-groups) than other groups, also higher values in low Vit. E groups. Those of total glyceride in liver were significantly higher in alcohol groups, appeared highest values when alcohol was administrated in low Se and Vit. E groups. The increasing of total glyceride content was significantly effected by alcohol in low Se groups than that in C-groups.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.312-312
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• 2005

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.1 s.53
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• pp.8-12
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• 1999

Acidic polysaccharide of Korean red ginseng (AcPS) was subjected to alcohol-intoxicated rats to check the effects on the growth factors and lipid metabolism. Administration of AcPS showed prevent effects on the body weight, the increased contents of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and neutral glyceride in the serum and total lipid, total cholesterol and neutral glyceride in the liver of alcohol intoxicated rats were significantly normalized. And all of the effects were proportionaly increased with the duration of treatments.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1999

It has long been recognized that dropwort contains specific funtional subtances for protecting human liver and preventing and curing its diseases, and thus it has been widely utilized in traditional folk remedy. In the present study. fresh of fermented extract of dropwort shoots grown on dryland and fresh extract of those grown on flooded fie1d were fed to the rats suffering from acute, subacute or chronical toxication induced by alcohol administration, and their affects were investigated. Administration of alcohol to rats and mice for 2 days at 5ml of 30% EtOH/kg/day raised total cholesterol and total glyceride which were, however, great1y supressed when alcohol was administered to the laboratory animals previously fed on fresh or fermented extract of dryland dropwort, or fresh extract of flooded field-grown dropwort for 20 days, without significant differences among the extracts. The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase which were raised by alcohol adminstration were also lowered by feeding dropwort extract, among which that of fermented dryland-grown one was more effective than the other two. Chronic alcohol toxication was induced to rats by administering 10% alcohol for 10 months and fermented dropwort extract or tap water was fed to the rats for 5 days. The rats fed on fermented dropwort extract were lower in total cholesterol by 40% and in tota1 glyceride by 60% than the control. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the rats fed on fermented dropwort extract were decreased by 87.2% and 91.7%, respectively, compared to the control, and the rats recovered almost to normal. Activity of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase changed greatly by alcohol administration in the rats suffering from chronic as well as acute toxication. The extract of fermented dry land dropwort significantly lowed the activity of those enzymes, especially, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase. The present results suggesting the possible medicinal effect of fermented dropwort extract to liver diseases.