• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2002

To evaluate the skin toxicity of topical cyclohexane application (25mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) was sequentially applied to the rat skin for four days. On the histopathological findings in the light micrographs, neutrophils and engulfed neutrophils are seen, and many cytoplasmic processes were appeared in proliferated layer whereas in the dermis area, increased numbers of fibroblast, accumulation of neutrophil and lipid droplets are demonstrated. On the other hand, applying the cyclohexane to the rat skin led to the remarkable rise of cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity and similar activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content and declined activity of glutathione S-transferase compared with control group. Especially the remarkably decreased activity of aniline hydroxylase (AH) was appeared in skin as little as scarcely determined. Furthermore, the applying the cyclohexane to skin led to the significantly increased activity of hepatic AH and alcohol dehydrogenase. These results indicate that oxygen free radical and intermediate metabolite of cyclohexane may be responsible for structural changes in skin by cyclohexane application to rat skin.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.554-559
• /
• 1998

Activities of glutathione- and thioredoxin-related enzymes and phenylpropanoid-synthesizing enzymes were measured and compared in the developing leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity is maximal in the leaves of 2-wk-grown Arabidopsis. Tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity is maximal in the leaves of 3-wk-grown and 4-wk-grown Arabidopsis. Activity of thioitransferase, an enzyme involved in the reduction of various disulfide compounds, is higher in younger leaves than in older ones. A similar pattern was obtained in the activity of thioredoxin, a small protein known as a cofactor of ribonucleotide reductase and a regulator of photosynthesis. Activity of glutathione reductase is also higher in the younger leaves. Malate debydrogenase activity remains relatively constant during the development of Arabidopsis leaves. The results offer preliminary information for further approach to elucidate the mechanism of growth-dependent variations of these enzymes.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2001

It is known that alcoholics have significantly lower mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)s'activity than do normal subjects or nonalcoholics with liver disease. However, there are only few reports that explain the reasons behind this reduction of ALDHs'activities. In this study, ALDH activity is inhibited by acetaldehyde, a substrate for ALDH However, the addition of glutathione (GSH) protected ALDH activities against the inhibitory effects of acetaldehyde in vitro. Furthermore, when GSH depletion is induced using diethyl maleate (DEM) in rats by 24% in cytosol and 43% in mitochondria, ALDH activities were also depressed by 31% and 63%, respectively compared to non-treated rats without significant reductions in other hepatic enzymes. These results suggest that ALDHs'activities are closely related to the concentration of acetaldehyde and/or cellular GSH contents . Therefore in alcoholic liver disease, increased productions of acetaldehyde and decreased contents of mitochondrial GSH may involved in the depression of ALDHs'activities.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2012

The effects of inorganic mercury on hematological parameters and hepatic oxidative stress enzyme activity were studied in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish were injected twice intraperitoneally with mercuric chloride (2, 4, or 8 mg Hg/kg BW). The major hematological findings were significant decreases in the red blood cell count, hematocrit value, and hemoglobin level in olive flounder exposed to 8 mg Hg/kg BW. Remarkably low levels of calcium and chloride, and reduced osmolality, were also observed at 8 mg Hg/kg BW. In hepatic tissue, significant increases in glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity were observed above 4 mg Hg/kg BW Inorganic mercury also increased glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activity at 8 mg Hg/kg BW in hepatic tissue. The present findings suggest that exposure to a low concentration (${\geq}4$ mg Hg/kg BW) of inorganic mercury can cause significant changes in hematological and antioxidant parameters.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.712-717
• /
• 1998

This study was undertaken to investigate the inhibition effects of Auricularia auricula-judae methanol extract in edible mushroom on lipid peroxidation and liver damage in benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P)-treated mice. The activities of serum aminotransferase, cytochrome P-450, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the hepatic content of lipid peroxide after B(a)P-treatment was markedly increased than control but those levels were significantly decreased by the treatment of Auricularia auricula-judae methanol extract. Glutathione S-transferase activity and the hepatic glutathione content were decreased by B(a)P-treatment than control, but those were also inhibited by the treament of Auricularia auricula-judae methanol extract. These results suggest that Auricularia auricula-judae methanol extract have a protective effect on liver damage by B(a)P.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 2010

Recently, it was found that the formation of reactive metabolites by cytochrome P450s as well as the depletion of glutathione would play important roles in hepatotoxicity induced by 1-bromopropane. In the present study, possible roles of anti-oxidants in 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in male ICR mice. The hepatotoxicity induced by 1-bromopropane was significantly protected by the co-treatment with either N-acetyl cysteine or silymarin. 1-Bromopropane-induced decrease in hepatic glutathione level was significantly protected by the pretreatment with N-acetyl cysteine. Taken together, the present results indicated that the reduction of hepatic glutathione level caused by 1-bromopropane treatment might be associated in 1-bromopropane-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.191-208
• /
• 1991

Pulmonary conjugation pathways may be important for the metabolism of xenobiotics introduced via airways of systemically. The objective of this study was to determine the pulmonary conjugating capacity in both the isolated perfused rabbit lung (IPRL) and in vitro, and the ability of ethanol to alter the above. The IPRL was capable of conjugating glutathione (GSH) with either 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) of 1,2-epoxy-(p-nitrophenoxy) propane(ENP). The pulmonary GSH conjugation with ENP was inhibited by cibacron blue, indicating the presence of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) u and/or classes, but it was not altered by buthionine sulfoximine, a selective inhibitor of Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2009

목적 : 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증 환아들은 어떤 종류의 약물치료에도 잘 반응하지 않고 점차 말기 신부전으로 진행되는 경우가 많다. 본 연구는 미세 변화형 신증후군과 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증 사이의 단백질 발현의 차이를 알아보고자 시행하였다. 방법 : 미세 변화형 신증후군과 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증의 신장 조직 샘플로부터 단백질을 추출하였다. 추출한 단백질들에 대해 2차원 전기영동 시스템을 이용하여 개개의 단백체로 분리한 후 실버 염색을 하였다. 분리한 단백질은 MASCOT Peptide Mass Fingerprint 프로그램을 이용하여 동정하였다. 결과 : 미세변화형 신증후군과 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증의 신장 조직에서 서로 상반된 발현 양상을 보여주었다. 이중 가장 크고 두드러지게 발현되는 부위를 잘라내어 단백질 분석을 시행한 결과 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증에서만 glutathione S-transferase P1-1 단백질이 발현 되었다. 결론 : 상기 결과는 비록 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증의 병태생리를 알기 위한 기초연구였으나 본 연구에서 밝혀진 glutathione S-transferase P1-1 은 향후 질병의 기전을 밝히는데 있어서 중요한 소견으로서 향후 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2000

농도와 기간에 따른 바이러스 감염 및 항바이러스제인 amantadine병행 첨가 시 Maddin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) 세포 내의 free radical 해독계 효소인 glutathione S-transferase (GST)와 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)의 활성 변동을 상호비교 관찰하였다. 바이러스에 감염된 MDCK세포는 감염 3일 후 1 TCID$_{50}$ 군은 80%이상, 10 TCID$_{50}$ 군은 거의 대부분의 단층세포가 탈락되는 병변 효과가 나타났다. Amantadine cytotoxic dose %가 증가함에 따라 MDCK 세포 내의 GST 및 LDH 활성은 농도에 따라 유의하게 감소되었고, 감염배지 내 LDH 활성은 대조군 보다 유의한 증가를 보였다. 인플루엔자 바이러스 type A 접종농도와 기간에 따른 MDCK세포 내의 GST및 LDH활성은 1 및 10 TCID$_{50}$ 감염군에서 감염 3일 후부터 유의하게 감소되었고, 감염배지 내의 LDH활성은 10배 이상 증가되었다. 인플루엔자 바이러스 type A 100 TCID$_{50}$ 감염과 amantadine병행 첨가 시 GST 및 LDH 활성은 바이러스만 감염한 군 보다 MDCK세포 내에서 대조군에 비하여 감소율이 낮았고, 감염배지 중 LDH 활성 역시 증가율이 낮았다. 또한 바이러스 감염 후 amantadine 90 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 첨가 시에 세포 내와 감염배지 중에서 가장 낮은 감소와 증가를 나타냈다.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.234-242
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 시험생물로서 말똥성게 (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)를 이용하여 내분비계장애물질인 bisphenol A(BPA)의 독성 및 시험생물로서의 적합성 등을 조사하였다. 말똥성게(H. pulcherrimus)의 수정 및 정상 배아발생에 미치는 BPA의 독성을 보기 위하여 농도(0, 300, 500, 800, 1000, 1500 ppb)에서 조사하였다. BPA 노출 시 수정률은 시험구간 내의 BPA 처리농도와 관계없이 유의적인 변화가 없었다. 정상 배아발생률은 BPA 농도가 높을수록 유의적인 감소를 나타냈으며, 800 ppb 농도부터 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 정상배아발생에 대한 독성값은 반수영향농도 ($EC_{50}$) 1056.1 ppb, 95% Cl 981.8~1163.9 ppb로 나타났다. 또한 무영향농도 (NOEC)와 최소영향농도(LOEC)는 500 ppb 및 800 ppb로 나타났다. BPA에 노출된 배아는 농도가 증가함에 따라 발생이 정체되는 현상이 나타났다. BPA에 노출된 pluteus 유생을 이용한 glutathione-S-transferase (GST) 유전자의 발현을 비교해본 결과 GST 유전자의 발현은 농도가 증가함에 따라 발현이 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과, 말똥성게 (H. pulcherrimus)의 초기 배아 발생 과정 중 800 ppb 이상에서 독성을 나타냈으며 GST 유전자는 BPA 노출에 따른 위해성 평가에 생체지표유전자로 유용하게 이용될 수 있다고 생각된다.