• 셀메드
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.27.1-27.5
• /
• 2014

Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) is a traditional Ayurvedic herb known as Kutki. It is used as a remedy for diabetes by tribes of North Eastern Himalayan region of India. Present study was conducted to explore the mechanism of antidiabetic activity of standardized aqueous extract of Picrorhiza kurroa (PkE). PkE (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) was orally administered to streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, for 14 consecutive days. Plasma insulin levels were measured and pancreas of rat was subjected to histopathological investigations. Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) protein content in the total membrane fractions of soleus muscle was estimated by Western blot analysis. Plasma insulin level was significantly increased along with concomitant increase in GLUT-4 content of total membrane fractions of soleus muscle of diabetic rats treated with extract. There was evidence of regeneration of ${\beta}$-cells of pancreatic islets of PkE treated group in histopathological examinations. PkE increased the insulin-mediated translocation of GLUT-4 from cytosol to plasma membrane or increased GLUT-4 expression, which in turn facilitated glucose uptake by skeletal muscles in diabetic rats.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.76.1-76.14
• /
• 2022

Background: Clinical dexamethasone (DEX) treatment or stress in bovines results in extensive physiological changes with prominent hyperglycemia and neutrophils dysfunction. Objectives: To elucidate the effects of DEX treatment in vivo on cellular energy status and the underlying mechanism in circulating neutrophils. Methods: We selected eight-month-old male bovines and injected DEX for 3 consecutive days (1 time/d). The levels of glucose, total protein (TP), total cholesterol (TC), and the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood were examined, and we then detected glycogen and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, phosphofructosekinase-1 (PFK1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity, glucose transporter (GLUT)1, GLUT4, sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 and citrate synthase (CS) protein expression and autophagy levels in circulating neutrophils. Results: DEX injection markedly increased blood glucose, TP and TC levels, the Ca²⁺/P⁵⁺ ratio and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and significantly decreased blood IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Particularly in neutrophils, DEX injection inhibited p65-NFκB activation and elevated glycogen and ATP contents and SGLT1, GLUT1 and GR expression while inhibiting PFK1 activity, enhancing G6PDH activity and CS expression and lowering cell autophagy levels. Conclusions: DEX induced neutrophils glucose uptake by enhancing SGLT1 and GLUT1 expression and the transformation of energy metabolism from glycolysis to pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)-tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This finding gives us a new perspective on deeper understanding of clinical anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on bovine.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.381-387
• /
• 1997

종양세포는 포도당섭취 및 포도당 대사가 정상세포에 비해 증가된 특징을 가진다. 포도당 유사체인 $^{18}F$ fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)의 섭취를 이용한 PET 검사가 종양의 진단에 많이 쓰이고 있다. 이 연구에서는 유사한 성질을 가진 사람의 대장암 세포주간의 FDG 섭취량 및 섭취 속도의 차이점을 비교하고, 그 포도당 수송체의 발현의 관련성을 규명하고자 한다. 사람대장암 세포 SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, SNU-C5를 이용하여 FDG 섭취를 측정하였다. 또한 세포의 포도당 섭취에 중요 역할을 하는 포도당 수송체 1(GLUT1)의 발현을 Western blotting으로 비교하였다. $1{\times}10^6/ml$의 대장암 세포에 HEPES-buffered saline에 희석한 $1{\mu}Ci/ml$ FDG를 가하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 배양하였을 때 SNU-C2A($16.8{\pm}1.36cpm/{\mu}g$ of protein), SNU-C4($12.3{\pm}5.55$), SNU-C5($61.7{\pm}2.17$) 섭취를 보였다. 시간당 FDG의 섭취는 SNU-C2A($0.29{\pm}0.03cpm/ min/{\mu}g$ of protein), SNU-C4($0.21{\pm}0.09$), SNU C5($1.07{\pm}0.07$)이었으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 비례하여 증가하였다. Western blotting으로 측정한 GLUT1 은 SNU-C5의 경우 다량 발현되었으나 SNU-C2A와 SNU-C4는 소량 발현되었다. 따라서 SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, SNU-C5 세포는 이들 세포가 비록 유사한 특징을 가졌지만 FDG 섭취량과 섭취 속도 및 GLUT1의 발현이 다르고, 이들 세포의 배가시간(doubling time)은 FDG 섭취와 상관관계가 없었다. 이들 세포의 FDG 섭취와 GLUT1의 발현은 밀접한 상관관계가 있었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2015

Glucose is universal and essential fuel of energy metabolism and in the synthesis pathways of all mammalian cells. Glucose is the one of the major precursors of lactose synthesis using glycolysis result in producing milk fat and protein. During the milk fat synthesis, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and CD36 are required for glucose uptake. Various morecules such as acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), ACACA, FASN AGPAT6, GPAM, LPIN1 are closely related with milk fat synthesis. Additionally, glucose plays a major role for synthesizing lactose. Activations of lactose synthesize enzymes such as membranebound enzyme, beta-1,4-galactosyl transferase (B4GALT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) are changed by concentration of glucose in blood resulting change of amount of lactose production. Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose over a plasma membrane. There are 2 types of glucose transporters which consisted facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT); and sodium-dependent transport, mediated by the Na+/glucose cotransporters (SGLT). Among them, GLUT1, GLUT8, GLUT12, SGLT1, SGLT2 are main glucose transporters which involved in mammary gland development and milk synthesis. However, more studies are required for revealing clear mechanism and function of other unknown genes and transporters. Therefore, understanding of the mechanisms of glucose usage and its regulation in mammary gland is very essential for enhancing the glucose utilization in the mammary gland and improving dairy productivity and efficiency.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.301-308
• /
• 2011

Diabetes has been one of major health risks in industrialized countries. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been focused as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, because AMPK increases glucose uptake through independent insulin signal pathway. In this study, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of Angelica gigas Nakai extract (AGNEX), a mixture of decursin and decursinol angelate (53 : 47), decursin and decursinol angelate on blood glucose, glucose transport (GLUT) and AMPK expression levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. To induce diabetes, 50 mg/kg of STZ was injected via i.v. route and AGNEX 2 mg/kg (STZ+AG), decursin 2 mg/kg (STZ+D), decursinol angelate 2 mg/kg (STZ+DA), and metformin 100 mg/kg (STZ+M) were administered orally for 21 days. STZ+DA group showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels compared to the other groups. Decursinol angelate significantly upregulated expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of AMPK (p-AMPK) in skeletal muscle of rats. In pancreas of rats, decursinol angelate significantly increased expression of GLUT2 through down-regulation of p-AMPK. In addition to the result of pancreatic islets morphology, AGNEX, decursin, decursinol angelate, and metformin treated group recovered ${\beta}$-cell damage by hyperglycemia. These results indicate that decursinol angelate might be a potential anti-diabetic agent and AGNEX could be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.893-900
• /
• 2015

최근 경제가 급속히 성장하면서 세계적으로 당뇨병이 심각한 대사성 질환으로 대두되고 있으며 이에 따라 혈당조절에만 초점을 맞춘 경구용 당뇨병 치료제가 아니라 당뇨병을 근본적으로 치료할 수 있는 혈당 강하 소재를 개발하기 위한 연구가 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행 연구에서 항당뇨 효능이 확인된Ceriporia lacerata 균사체 배양물건조물(CL01)을 제 2형 당뇨병 동물 모델인db/db 마우스에 경구투여하여 CL01이 혈액학적 지표 및 인슐린 신호 전달기전 상의 유관 단백질과 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. CL01을 4주간 투여했을 때 혈당이 지속적으로 감소하였고, 혈청 인슐린, c-peptide 농도도 각각 음성대조군의 55.8%, 40% 수준으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 인슐린 저항성을 반영하는 지표인 HOMA-IR 수치를 계산한 결과, CL01 투여군에서 인슐린 저항성이 음성대조군 대비 약 62% 개선되었다(p<0.05). 또한 인슐린 신호 전달에 관여하는 pIR, pAkt, pAMPK, GLUT4 단백질 및 Akt2, IRS1, GLUT4 mRNA 발현이 증가하였다. 이들 결과를 통해 CL01이 당 대사 및 인슐린 신호 전달에 관여하는 유관 단백질 및 유전자 발현에 영향을 미치며 이에 따라 인슐린 저항성을 개선하여 혈당을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것을 알 수 있다. 제 2형 당뇨병 환자의 90% 이상이 인슐린 저항성으로 인한 고인슐린혈증, 당내성 장애, 고혈압, 비만 등의 대사 이상이 생길 확률이 증가하기 때문에 CL01의 섭취를 통해 GLUT4 발현을 증가시켜 인슐린 저항성을 낮추는 것이 제 2형 당뇨병의 근본적인 치료에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 이 연구가 당뇨병 치료의 추가적인 기전 연구를 위한 기초 증거로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Diabetes and Metabolism Journal
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.465-471
• /
• 2018

My professional journey to understand the glucose homeostasis began in the 1990s, starting from cloning of the promoter region of glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2) gene that led us to establish research foundation of my group. When I was a graduate student, I simply thought that hyperglycemia, a typical clinical manifestation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), could be caused by a defect in the glucose transport system in the body. Thus, if a molecular mechanism controlling glucose transport system could be understood, treatment of T2DM could be possible. In the early 70s, hyperglycemia was thought to develop primarily due to a defect in the muscle and adipose tissue; thus, muscle/adipose tissue type glucose transporter (GLUT4) became a major research interest in the diabetology. However, glucose utilization occurs not only in muscle/adipose tissue but also in liver and brain. Thus, I was interested in the hepatic glucose transport system, where glucose storage and release are the most actively occurring.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 1997년도 공동 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.56.2-56
• /
• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• 제45권3호
• /
• pp.115-125
• /
• 2020

Resveratrol has been reported to exert anticancer activity via modulation of multiple pathways and genes. In this study, we examined the effect of resveratrol on YD-10B human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and its molecular mechanisms of action. We found that resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of YD-10B cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The suppressive effect of resveratrol was accompanied by a reduction in Bmi-1 gene expression. We observed that silencing the Bmi-1 gene by small interfering RNA effectively downregulated the levels of GLUT1 mRNA and protein, which were also repressed by resveratrol. Bmi-1 silencing increased the number of YD-10B cells in S-phase arrest by approximately 2.3-fold compared with the control. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate, for the first time, that resveratrol suppresses Bmi-1-mediated GLUT1 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and suggest that the specific molecular targeting of Bmi-1 and/or GLUT1 expression can be combined with a chemotherapeutic strategy to improve the response of oral cancer cells to resveratrol.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.212-217
• /
• 2007

Fucoidan (fucan sulfate) is a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae such as Fucus vesiculosus, Ecklonia kurome, and Cladosiphon okamuranus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fucoidan on the expression of diabetes-related genes in mouse cell line 3T3-L1. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 48 hr with or without fucoidan (10, 100, and 500 ppm) on a 60 mm dish. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for measurement of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor ${\gamma}\;(PPAR{\gamma})$, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}\;(C/EBP{\gamma})$, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression level of GLUT4, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ mRNAs increased with fucoidan treatment from 10 to 500 ppm in a dose-dependent manner. Fucoidan appears to enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing the expression level of diabetes-related genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, fucoidan is potentially useful as a natural therapeutic material for hyperglycemia in type II diabetes patients.