• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the biological activities of P. tenuipes formed on silkworm (Bombyx mori) variety. The mean content of total amino acid in the fruiting bodies of P. tenuipes was $1.03{\mu}mole/g$. The distribution rate of amino acid components decreased in the order of Arginine(12.2%) > Glycine(10.5%) > Proline(9.6) > Tyrosine(8.9%) > Serine > Leucine > Threonine. The most abundant amino acid in the fruiting bodies of the Baegokjam, Chilbojam and Hachojam infected with P. tenuipes was arginine, while Yangwonjam was Glycine. The most abundant fatty acid in P. tenuipes was Oleic acid on a dry weight basis. The unsaturated fatty acids such as Oleic acid, Linoleic acid and Linolenic acid accounted for more than 78% of the total fatty acids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.421-425
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• 1993

Hololeion maximowiczii root was analyzed for proximate composition, free sugar, fatty acids of crude lipid, amino acids and minerals after freeze dried (FD), hot air dried (HAD) and hot air dried after blanched (HADB), respectively. Proximate composition was little different among drying methods. Free sugar was abundant in order of sucrose $(28{\sim}29mg/g\;dw)$, fructose $(0.8{\sim}3mg/g\;dw)$, glucose and xylose (trace). Fructose was decreased in HADB. In fatty acid composition of crude lipids, linoleic acid was highest $(55{\sim}59%)$ and then palmitic and linolenic acid in abundance. These three fatty acids made $88{\sim}90%$ of total lipid, Low molecular fatty acids showed decreasing tendancy in HAD and HADB. Amino acid composition of hydrolyzed sample showed abundancy in order of arginine $(34{\sim}42mg/g)$, lysine, glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid, valine and histidine, while that of free amino acids was arginine, histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, isoleucine. Glycine and glutamic acid in hydrolyzed sample showed slight decreasing tendency in HADB. Mineral content was abundance in order of Ca $(1927{\sim}2379\;ppm),\;K\;(1159{\sim}1259ppm)$ and $Mg(760{\sim}777\;ppm)$. No difference was found in drying methods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2002

To summarize our interpretation of the results, we can explain shown below. Optimum con dictions in order to soften of sea tangle leafs were treated in the solutions of 0.05% $CH_3$COOH at 9$0^{\circ}C$ for 0.5 hour, 0.2% $K_2$HPO$_4$at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 0.5 hour and 0.3% NaHCO$_3$at 10$0^{\circ}C$ for 0.5 hour. After sea tangle leafs were treated in the solutions of 0.05% $CH_3$COOH at 9$0^{\circ}C$ for 0.5 hour and added 10% seasoning agent of 0.5% glutamic acid, 3% glycine, 5% sorbitol and 1.5% soy sauce. Contents of free amino acid in the leaflike tea were a large amount as alanine of 707.2 $\mu$mo1/100$m\ell$ and glutamic acid of 343.6 $\mu$mo1/100 $m\ell$. And contents of mineral were order Na of 49.38 ppm, Mg of 10.72 ppm, K of 10.56 ppm and Ca of 6.55 ppm. Powder tea was added 0.05% glutamic acid, 5% glycine, 5% glucose and 4% sodium chloride in sea tangle powder, and then pressure treatment at 11$0^{\circ}C$ for 1.5 hours. Contents of free amino acid in the powder tea were a large amount as glycine of 222.04 $\mu$mo1/100$m\ell$ and glutamic arid of 208.58 $\mu$mol/100$m\ell$. And contents of mineral were order Na of 104.24 ppm, Mg of 14.31 ppm, K of 9.68 ppm, Fe of 2.36 ppm, Ca of 2.00 ppm, Zn of 0.13 ppm, Cu of 0.10 ppm and Mn of 0.01 ppm.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2015

Transition metal oxide nanocrystalline materials are playing major role in energy storage application in this scenario. Nickel oxide is one of the best antiferromagnetic materials which is used as electrodes in energy storage devices such as, fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical capacitors, etc. In this research work, nickel oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by combustion route in presence of organic fuels such as, glycine, glucose and and urea. The prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles were calcined at 600℃ for 3 h to get phase pure materials. The calcined nanoparticles were preliminarily characterized by XRD, particle size analysis, SEM and EDAX. To prepare nickel oxide electrode materials for application in supercapacitors, the calcined NiO nanoparticles were mixed with di-methyl-acetamide and few drops of nafion solution for 12 to 16 h. The above slurry was coated in the graphite sheet and dried at 50℃ for 2 to 4 h in a hot air oven to remove organic solvent. The dried sample was subjected to electrochemical studies, such as cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance analysis and chrono-coulometry studies in KOH electrolyte medium. From the above studies, it was found that nickel oxide nanoparticles prepared by combustion synthesis using glucose as a fuel exhibited resulted in low particle diameter (42.23 nm). All the nickel oxide electrodes have shown better good capacitance values suitable for electrochemical capacitor applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.201.2-202
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• 2003

생체조직에 있어서 환원형 Glutathione(${\gamma}$-L-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH)은 항산화 작용, 간기능 회복 및 해독작용등의 생체 내에서 중요한 생리활성기능을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 glutathione을 다량으로 함유하는 효모균주를 전통 발효주로부터 분리하여 최적 생산을 검토하였다. 분리된 균주는 형태학적, 생리학적 및 생화학적 특성을 검토한 결과 Saccharomyces cerevisiae로 동정되어 FF-8로 명명하였다. Glutathione 생산을 위한 Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8의 최적 생산조건은 YM(glucose 1.0%, acid peptone 0.5%, yeast extract 0.3%, malt extract 0.3%) 배지를 기본으로 하여 72시간 동안 진탕배양하면서 검토하였다. Glutathione 생산을 위한 최적 온도, 교반속도 및 pH는 각각 3$0^{\circ}C$, 100 rpm, 그리고 pH 6.0으로 나타났다. Glutathione 최대 생산배지조건은 탄소원으로 3%의 glucose, 질소원으로 3%의 yeast extract, 무기질원으로 0.06%의 KH$_2$PO$_4$및 전구체로 0.06%의 L-Cysteine으로 하였을 때 최대 생산량을 나타내었고, 최적 배지상에서 204$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$을 생산하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.249-252
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• 1986

This quantitative analysis was carried out in order to investigate the isolation and identification of total amino acids and free sugars in Lycii fructus by using amino acid autoanalyzer and HPLC. 17 kinds of amino acids were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer, that is, aspartic acid, proline, glyclne, analine, cystine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenyla lanine, histidine, lysine, arginine, threonine, serine and glutamic acid. Threonine (3,745mg/100g) was the richest among them and total amounts of the essential amino acid, which was 53.93% of total amino acids, was 10,773mg/100g. Free sugars isolated by HPLC wet·e glucose, fructose and saccharose.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.825-828
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• 2010

To classify Glycyrrhiza species, samples of different species were analyzed by $^1H$ NMR-based metabolomics technique. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used as the multivariate statistical analysis of the 1H NMR data sets. There was a clear separation between various Glycyrrhiza species in the PLS-DA derived score plots. The PLS-DA model was validated, and the key metabolites contributing to the separation in the score plots of various Glycyrrhiza species were lactic acid, alanine, arginine, proline, malic acid, asparagine, choline, glycine, glucose, sucrose, 4-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, and formic acid. The compounds present at relatively high levels were glucose, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in G. glabra; lactic acid, alanine, and proline in G. inflata; and arginine, malic acid, and sucrose in G. uralensis. This is the first study to perform the global metabolomic profiling and differentiation of Glycyrrhiza species using $^1H$ NMR and multivariate statistical analysis.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.392-399
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of corn silks. Pollination of corn silks was finished within three days after silking, and elongation of open pollinated corn silks was stopped, but unpollinated silks elongated until eight days after silking. Moisture contents of corn silks were about 92-94% at silking stage, but continuously decreased. these were about 70-75% at 30 days after silking. Chlorophyll b was higher than chlorophyll a in corn silks, and chlorophyll a/b ratios of four hybrids were high in this order : silage ＞ sweet ＞ super sweet ＞ waxy corn. Free sugars in corn silks were mainly fructose, glucose and maltose. Their composition rate was 55% of glucose, 42% of fructose and 4% of maltose. Water soluble solid (Brix %) contents of unpollinated corn silks were ranged from 13.7 to 16.8 Brix % and pollinated corn silks were from 12.6 to 13.7 Brix %. Phytic, oxalic, malic. shikimic, glutaric and acetic acid were detected on corn silks. Phytic, oxalic and glutaric acid were considered as a major organic acids in corn silks. Amino acids in corn silks were high in this order : waxy ＞ silage ＞ sweet ＞sweet corn. Serine, glycine and thereoine were contained more than 10%, and five amino acids such as aspartic, glutaric, arginine, alanine and proline were ranged about 5 to 8%. Methionine and cystine, amino acids containing sulfur were contained only small quantity as about 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetone, DMS, isobutylaldehyde, cis-3-hexanol, 3-hexe-1-ol, acetate, trans-2-hexanol and pentanol were detected as the volatile components in corn silks, but acetaldehyde and DMS were major volitiles in silage corn silks, and acetaldehyde, ethanol and DMS were major volitiles in waxy corn silks. The length of corn silks was a positively correlated with organic acids (r=${0.556}^*$), and a negatively correlated with amino acids (r=${-0.514}^*$), respectively. Free sugars were positively correlated with all characteristics tested and significantly correlated with organic acid (r=TEX>${0.703}^{**}$), and flavonoids (r=TEX>${0.544}^*$). Chlorophyll was significantly correlated with flavonoid contents (r=TEX>${0.523}^*$). For this reason chlorophyll was evaluated as an indirect selection character for the high flavonoid containing varieties.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1984

In order to elucidate the taste compounds of wild eel, Anguilla japonica, free amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds, organic bases, sugars, organic acids and minerals were analyzed, and then followed by organoleptic test of synthetic extract prepared on the basis of the analytical data. Taste panel assessments of synthetic extracts prepared with each extractive component omitted were carried out by a triangle difference test, and changes in profile were assessed. In free amino acid composition, lysine was dominant occupying $25\%$ of total free amino acid. The other abundant amino acids were glycine, arginine, alanine and histidine. From the results of analysis of nucleotides, IMP was dominant showing about $70\%$ of total nucleotides while ATP, ADP, AMP, inosine and hypoxanthine were low in content. Among organic bases total creatinine was abundant. The amount of betaine was 24 mg/100 g. The main organic acid were butyric acid, valeric acid and succinic acid. As for the sugars, glucose and inositol were 1-2 mg/ 100g in content. $K^+,\;Na^+,\;PO_{4}^{3-}\;and\;Cl^-$ were found to be the major ions. From the results of omission test the major components which contribute to produce the taste were glycine, serine, glutamic acid, IMP, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-,\;PO_{4}^{3-}$, lysine, alanine, isoleucine, aspartic acid and creatinine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2012

Anthocyanins have received growing attention as dietary antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative damage. Astrocytes, which are specialized glial cells, exert numerous essential, complex functions in both healthy and diseased central nervous system (CNS) through a process known as reactive astrogilosis. Therefore, the maintenance of glial cell viability may be important because of its role as a key modulator of neuropathological events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anthocyanin on the survival of glial cells exposed to oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that anthocyanin extracts from black soybean increased survival of U87 glioma cells in a dose dependent manner upon oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), accompanied by decrease levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While treatment cells with anthocyanin extracts or OGD stress individually activated autophagy induction, the effect was signifi cantly augmented by pretreatment cells with anthocyanin extracts prior to OGD. The contribution of autophagy induction to the protective effects of anthocyanin was verifi ed by the observation that silencing the Atg5 expression, an essential regulator of autophagy induction, reversed the cytoprotective effect of anthocyanin extracts against OGD stress. Treatment of U87 cells with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, increased cell survival upon OGD stress comparable to anthocyanin, indicating that autophagy functions as a survival mechanism against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in glial cells. Our results, therefore, provide a rationale for the use of anthocyanin as a preventive agent for brain dysfunction caused by oxidative damage, such as a stroke.