• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 1998

Behcet syndrome is a multisystem disease complex of unknown cause. It is usually manifested by aphthous oral and genital ulcers, uveitis and skin eruption. Less frequently, CNS involvement, colitis, large vessel vasculitis, and myocarditis occur. Recently, several studies have reported renal manifestations of amyloidosis and focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis in Behcet syndrome. We describe a patient with Behcet syndrome who experienced nephrotic syndrome with focal effacement of epithelial foot process in glomeruli. A brief review of literature ensues.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.205-211
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• 1987

Renal dysfunction can have pronounced effects on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of drugs. Because the exploration of these effects in patients may be limited by ethical and practical considerations, it often become necessary to perform studies on animals with experimental renal failure(ERF). ERF was produced in rats by the administration of uranyl nitrate, glycerol, salicylate, gentamicin and folate in this study. Changes in glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and renal secretion clearance of tetraethylammonium bromide$(CL^{scn}_{TEA})$, together with morphological changes of kidney cortex were evaluated and compared among ERF models. GFR(or glomeruli) and $CL^{scn}_{TEA}$(or renal tubules) were not damaged parallelly in some ERF model rats. Therefore, it seemed to be necessary to adjust dosage regimen of some basic drugs like TEA in renal dysfunction considering the functional changes of renal secretion in addition to glomerular filtration.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.13-16
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• 1966

The action of serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) on the excretory function of the kidney was investigated in the dog, utilizing the clearance method and the stop-flow technique. It was shown that serotonin, $10{\mu}g/kg/min$, i. v., exerts a marked antidiuretic effects and elicits a marked hemodynamic changes in the kidney: a highly significant decrease of the glomerular filtration rate and a tendency of decrement in the renal plasma flow. Little change in the systemic blood pressure was noted, and the participation of the antidiuretic hormone in the antidiuretic action was ruled out by adding vasopressin to the infusion fluid. The stop-flow analysis showed that there is no evidence of altered activity in the tubules by serotonin. It was thus concluded that serotonin elicits anti diuresis in the dog by decreasing glomerular filtration rate, which results from the constriction of Vas afferens in the glomeruli.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 1982

This paper dealt with histopathological observations of the nephroblastoma in the pregnant pig died on 8 days before paturation day. The results summarized as follows: Authors considered that in necropsy finding the pregnant pig died of circulative and respiratory disturbance by compression of fetus and renal tumor weighing about 12Kg. In microscopical findings of the renal tumor it was composed of well differentiated tumor cells and connective tissue elements. As differentiation of the neoplastic epithelial cells progressed, tubular and cystic structures, and papillary structures resembled to glomeruli appeared. This tumor was regarded as nephrohlastoma.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 1978

Influence of Akebiae Lignum on the renal function of the dog was observed with water-extract, utilizing clearance technique. Akebiae Lignum water-extract (AWE) given intravenously in does of 3.0mg/kg and 30.0mg/kg elicited a marked antidiuretic effect and produced a distinguished decrease of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow as reduction of sodium and potassium excretion in urine, positive free water clearance and osmolar clearance. AWE infused into a renal artery in doses of 0.03mg/kg/min and 0.1mg/kg/min exhibited identical results to the intravenous action confined only to the infused kidney. These results suggest that AWE elicits antidiuresis in the dog by decreasing glomerulor filtration and renal plasma flow, which are caused by the constriction of vas afferens in the glomeruli.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.138-147
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• 1978

Bethanidine, which is known as a sympathetic blocking agent, was injected into the vein of a dog in an attempt to investigate the influence on renal funciton. Bethanidine resulted in an increased urine flow and glomerular filtration rate, and it produced an increase of urinary sodium and potassium excretion and a decrease of reabsorption rate of sodium and potassium in renal tubules, whereas renal plasma flow showed no significant changes. After pretreatment of phentolamine, a specific alpha adrenergic blocking agent, bethanidine did not significantly increase glomerular filtration rate and diuresis, significantly increased urinary sodium and potassium excretion although the magnitudes were reduced when compared with that of bethanidine alone. In conclusion, bethanidine-induced diuresis appears to be the result of an inhibited tubuler reabsorpting of electrolytes within the kidney through its sympathetic blockade of renal nerves and of an increased glomerular filtration rate, which was caused by the constriction of vas efferense in the glomeruli.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.577-590
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• 1998

Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephropathy was induced in a group of Sprague-Dawley rat by a single dose of intraperitoneal Injection to study an ultrastructural change of glomerulus. The experimental rats developed proteinuria three days after PAN injection. Electron microscopic studies of glomeruli showed the loss of epithelial foot processes, formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles, microvillous formation and increased numbers of lysosomes in the cytoplasm of podocytes. It is strongly suggested that proteinuria in PAN nephrosis may be primarily due to a glomerular epithelial lesion, leading to focal disarray of anionic sites or focal defects in the epithelial covering of the basement membrane. The loss of anionic sites in the basement membrane nay be caused by the foot process fusion and the epithelial detachment from the basement membrane.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.771-775
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• 2007

Licorice has been used for cure of injuries and for detoxification in East Asia. This study investigated the protective effect of licorice water extract against cadmium (CdCl$_2$, Cd)-induced nephro-toxicity in rats. To induce acute toxicity, Cd (4 mg/kg body weight) was dissolved in normal saline and then, intravenously (i.v.) injected to animals. In experiments, animals were orally administrated with vehicle or licorice water extract (50-100 mg/kg) for 3 days, exposed to a single injection of Cd after 24 h the last licorice/vehicle treatment. Licorice protected kidney injuries by Cd treatment. The number of glomeruli showing vasodilatation and thickening of Bowman's capsule was dose-dependently decreased by licorice. These results suggest that licorice might be a potent preventive protector against Cd-induced nephro-toxicity in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.692-698
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• 2010

This study investigated anti-diabetic activity of Kocat-D1, which is a currently used traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes in Shandong, China. Insulin sensitizing activity was observed in a cell-based glucose uptake assay using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The treatment of 0.2 mg/mL of hot water extract of Kocat-D1 with 0.2 nM insulin was associated with a significant increasing in glucose uptake ($165.0{\pm}0.7%$) over the treatment of 0.2 nM insulin. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice (8 weeks of age) were separated into 3 groups: normal control (control, db/+ mice untreated), diabetic control (DM control, db/db mice untreated), Kocat-D1 (db/db mice treated with Kocat-D1 extract 350 mg/kg/day). After 16 weeks of treatment, body weight and total diet intake of Kocat-D1 group were significantly lower than DM control groups. Blood glucose levels of the Kocat-D1 group ($14.7{\pm}1.4\;mmol/L$) were significantly lower compared to the DM control group ($27.1{\pm}0.2\;mmol/L$). Furthermore, insulin level was significantly increased in the Kocat-D1 group ($0.17{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$) compared with the DM control group ($0.05{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$). The glomeruli in kidney was stained using periodic acid-shiff base (PAS) for confirming collagen accumulation. The glomeruli in kidney of Kocat-D1 group had significantly reduced PAS-positive compared with that of DM control.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2007

The changes of glycoconjuagates (GCs) in rat kidney due to maturation were studied from samples of fetal and postnatal kidneys by lectin histochemistry. Rat kidneys of perinatal ages and adults were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and were stained with nine kinds of biotinylated lectins. The immature forms of the renal developmental stage such as vesicles and ureteric bud were observed in the cortex as late as day 14 of postnatal life, but the histological appearance of the weaning kidney was similar to that observed in adults. As for histochemical properties of GCs in the glomeruli, Con A affinity tended to increase with aging, but both RCA-1 and LCA affinities showed a transient increase in immature glomeruli of neonatal rats. DBA affinity with SBA, PNA, BSL-1 and RCA-1, additional Con A one in proximal tubule, were increased in both proximal and distal tubules according to maturation. In contrast to this, transient intensive LCA affinity were demonstrated in immature proximal and distal tubule of neonatal rats. In the collecting tubules, DBA, SBA, PNA and sWGA affinities tended to increase according to maturation, but transient increase for BSL-1, RCA-1 and LCA affinities were detected in neonatal rats. The present results suggest that the mature glycosylation pattern of the kidney undergoes profound changes during maturation and is probably associated with functional maturation of the kidney.