• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.105-117
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• 2016

The objective of this work is to study the restraining effect in fire resistance of framed structures and to evaluate the global response of reinforced concrete frames when exposed to fire based on advanced finite element method. To study the response a single portal frame is analyzed. The effect of floor slab on this frame is studied by modeling a beam-column-slab assembly. The evolution of temperature distribution, internal stresses and deformations of the frame subjected to ISO 834 standard fire curve for both the frames are studied. The thermal and structural responses are evaluated and a comparison of results of individual members and entire structure is done. From the study it can be seen that restraining forces has significant influence on both stresses and deflection and overall response of the structure when compared to individual structural member. Among the various structural elements, columns are the critical members in fire and failure of column causes the failure of entire structure. The fire rating of various structural elements of the frame is determined by various failure criteria and is compared with IS456 2000 tabulated fire rating.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제38A권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 움직임 벡터의 정규화 및 윤곽선(edge)의 패턴 분석을 이용한 새로운 복수영상 기반의 초해상도(super resolution) 영상 생성 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 복수영상 기반의 초해상도 기법의 경우 입력 동영상을 구성하는 각 영상 간 부화소(sub-pixel) 단위의 움직임과 병진이동(global translation)만이 발생한다고 가정하여 기법의 적용이 제한적이다. 또한 이러한 제한에 강한 단일영상 기반의 초해상도 영상 생성 기법의 경우 보간 시 사용할 수 있는 정보량이 제한적이라는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 기법의 단점인 부화소 단위의 움직임에 대한 제한을 움직임 벡터의 정규화 기법을 통해 해결하고, 윤곽선 패턴 분석을 기반으로 한 2*2 블록 단위의 움직임 추정을 통해 병진이동에 대한 제한을 해결하였다. 또한 실험을 통하여 제안하는 기법이 기존의 이중선형(bi-linear)보간법, 단일영상과 복수영상 기반 초해상도 기법보다 우수하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.553-570
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• 2013

Using of masonry infill as partitions, in flat slab frame buildings is a common practice in many parts of the world. The infill is, generally, not considered in the design and the buildings are designed as bare frames. More of fundamental information in the effect of masomary infill on the seismic performance of RC building frames is in great demand for structural engineers. Therefore the main aim of this research is to evaluate the seismic performance of such buildings without (bare frame) and with various systems of the masonary infill. For this purpose, thirteen three dimensional models are chosen and analyzed by SAP2000 program. In this study the stress strain relation model proposed by Crisafulli for the hysteric behaviour of masonary subjected to cyclic loading is used. The results show that the nonstructural masonary infill can impart significant increase global strength and stiffness of such building frames and can enhance the seismic behaviour of flat slab frame building to large extent depending on infill wall system. As a result great deal of insight has been obtained on seismic response of such flat slab buildings which enable the structural engineer to determine the optimum position of infill wall between the columns.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.405-416
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• 2015

We proposed the concept of nominal rigidity of a long-span V-shaped rigid frame composite arch bridge, analyzed the effects of structural parameters on nominal rigidity, and derived a theoretical nominal rigidity equation. In addition, we discussed the selection of the arch-to-beam rigidity ratio and its effect on the distribution of internal forces, and analyzed the influence of the ratio on the internal forces. We determined the delimitation value between rigid arch-flexible beam and flexible arch-rigid beam. We summarized the nominal rigidity and arch to beam rigidity ratios of existing bridges. The results show that (1) rigid arch-flexible beam and flexible arch-rigid beam can be defined by the arch-to-beam rigidity ratio; (2) nominal rigidities have no obvious differences among the continuous rigid frame composite arch bridge, V-shaped rigid frame bridge, and arch bridge, which shows that nominal rigidity can reflect the global stiffness of a structure.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.283-299
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 국가지질공원 추진 과정에서 지역주민, 지질 전문가 및 지방자치단체 공무원 사이에서 나타나는 갈등 프레임의 양상을 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 각각 부안과 고창에서 실시된 국가지질공원 추진 관련 주민 공청회의 진행 과정을 참여자들의 사전 동의를 얻어 녹음한 후 텍스트 형태로 전사하였다. 이후 문헌연구를 통해 갈등 프레임을 분석하기 위한 기준 프레임을 개발하였으며, 이를 토대로 3명의 연구자에 의해 갈등 프레임을 분석하였다. 이렇게 분석된 갈등 프레임은 다시 언어네트워크 분석을 활용하여 지역별로 갈등 프레임 간의 구조적 특성을 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 부안 지역에서는 'Sagree' 프레임, 'Snot' 프레임, 'Sdisagree' 프레임이 높은 위세중심성을 보였고, 언어네트워크의 중심에 위치한 'Snot' 프레임에 Cmexample 프레임, Gharm 프레임, Cmeconomy 프레임 등이 긴밀하게 연결되었다. 반면 고창에서는 'Aresource' 프레임, 'Cmexample' 프레임, 'Gharm' 프레임이 높은 위세중심성을 보였고, 언어네트워크의 중심에 위치한 'Aresource' 프레임에 'Cmexample' 프레임, 'Gharm' 프레임, 'Cmproblemsolution' 프레임 등이 긴밀하게 연결되었다. 이를 통해 부안 지역에서는 아직 이해당사자 사이의 갈등이 진행되고 있고, 고창 지역에서는 자신들의 자원을 자랑스럽게 인식하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 부안의 이해당사자들은 갈등 해소에 있어서 경제적 이득에 초점을 둔 반면, 고창의 이해당사자들은 문제 해결에 초점을 두었다. 본 연구의 결과는 국가지질공원 추진에서 나타날 수 있는 갈등 관계를 해소하기 위한 중요한 정보를 제공했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.395-409
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• 2022

The presence of infill generally neglected in design despite the fact that infill contribution significantly increase the lateral stiffness and strength of the reinforced concrete frame structure. Several experimental studies and computational models have been proposed to capture the rational response of infill-frame interaction at global level. However, limited studies are available on explicit finite element modelling to study the local behavior due to high computation and convergence issues in numerical modelling. In the current study, the computational modelling of RC frames is done with various configurations of infill masonry in terms of types of blocks, lateral loading and reinforcement detailing employed with material nonlinearities, interface contact issues and bond-slip phenomenon particularly near the beam-column joints. To this end, extensive computational modelling of five variant characteristics test specimens extracted from the detailed experimental program available in literature and process through nonlinear static analysis in FEM code, ATENA generally used to capture the nonlinear response of reinforced concrete structures. Results are presented in terms of damage patterns and capacity curves by employing the finest possible detail provided in the experimental program. Comparative analysis shows that good correlation amongst the experimental and numerical simulated results both in terms of capacity and crack patterns.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2022

Recently, the trend in structural analysis and design is moving towards the development of reliable system. The reliability-based method defines various limit states related to usability and failure, thereby enabling multiple levels of design according to the importance of a structure. Meanwhile, an actual structure is composed of a set of several elements, and particularly, a frame type is composed of a system in which the members are connected each other. At this time, the actual connection between members is in a semi-rigid condition, not in complete rigid or hinged. This semi-rigid is found in several structures, especially in agricultural facilities designed with lightweight materials. In this study, a system reliability analysis technique for frame structure was established, and applied to an analysis of the semi-rigid connection. Various conditions of correlation were applied to reflect the connectivity between members, and through this, the limitations of existing structural analysis method and the behavioral characteristics of structure were analyzed. The failure probability of the frame member component and the overall structure system was significantly different in consideration of the semi-rigid connection. In addition, it was evaluated that the behavior of structure can be more accurately analyzed if the correlation according to the position of members in a system is further investigated.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

미구엘 시카트(M. sicart)는 불쾌한 게임 디자인이 디자이너와 플레이어간의 상호작용을 발생시키며 이를 통해 게임이 예술의 영역에서 해석될 수 있음을 시사 하였다. 본 논문에서는 이 불쾌한 게임디자인을 고프먼의 프레임 이론에 바탕하여 재해석한다. 보편적인 게임학이 추구하는 '사용자 중심'적 게임 디자인은 게임의 플레임에 몰입하여 사용자 경험과 게임의 프레임에 일치감을 더하는 긍정적 다운키잉(Positive Down-keying)을 추구한다고 볼 수 있다. 반면에 불쾌한 게임 디자인은 게임의 프레임에 대한 플레이어의 관점에 '혼란함'을 주어 게임에 대한 반성적 관점을 가질 수 있도록 해준다. 예술의 영역에서 게임을 해석하기 위한 방편에서 불쾌한 게임 디자인을 정의했던 시카트 이론은 불쾌한 게임 디자인과 전형적인 게임 디자인을 나눠서 보지만 플레임 분석을 통한 불쾌한 게임 디자인은 게임 플레이에 대한 플레이어의 반성적 시각을 환기시키는 장치 혹은 테크닉으로 기존의 게임디자인과 관계할 수 있음을 알려주고 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2012

Implementation of openings in beams web has been introduced as an innovative method for improving seismic performance of steel moment frames. In this paper, several steel moment frames have been studied in order to evaluate the effect of openings in beams web. The beam sections with web opening have been modeled as a simplified super-element to be used in designing frames and to determine opening configurations. Finite element models of designed frames were generated and nonlinear static pushover analysis was conducted. The efficient location for openings along the beam length was discovered and the effects of beams with web openings on local and global behavioral characteristics of frames were discussed. Base on the results, seismic performance of steel moment frames was improved by creating openings in beams web, in terms of reduction in stress level of frame sensitive areas such as beam to column connections and panel zones.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6563-6568
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• 2013

Background: Tobacco use and quit attempts are two key indicators of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) that assess quit attempts among current as well as former tobacco users. The relevant data have inherent policy implications for tobacco cessation programme evaluation. This study aimed to review the concepts of quit attempt assessment and quantifying invalid responses considering GATS-India data. Materials and Methods: GATS assessment of tobacco use and quit attempts were examined in the current literature. Two categories of invalid responses were identified by stratified analysis of the duration of last quit attempt among current users and duration of abstinence among former users. Category A included absolute invalid responses when time-frame of assessment of current tobacco use and less than former tobacco use were violated. Category B included responses that violated the unit of measurement of time. Results: Current daily use, current less than daily use and former use in GATS were imprecisely defined with overlapping of time-frame of assessment. Overall responses of 3,102 current smokers, 4,036 current smokeless users, 1,904 former smokers and 1,343 former smokeless users were analyzed to quantify invalid responses. Analysis indicated overall 21.2% (category A: 7.32%; category B: 17.7%) and 22.7% (category A: 8.05%; category B: 18.1%) invalid responses among current smokers and smokeless users respectively regarding their duration of last quit attempt. Similarly overall 6.62% (category A: 4.7%; category B: 2.3%) and 10.6% (category A: 8.6%; category B: 3.5%) invalid responses were identified among former smokers and smokeless users respectively regarding their duration of abstinence. Conclusions: High invalid responses for a single assessment are due to the imprecise definition of current use, former use and quit attempt; and failure to utilize opportunity of direct data entry interface use during the survey to validate responses instantly. Redefining tobacco use and quit attempts considering an appropriate timeframe would reduce invalid responses.