• BMB Reports
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.216-231
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• 2024

Mammalian genomes are intricately compacted to form sophisticated 3-dimensional structures within the tiny nucleus, so called 3D genome folding. Despite their shapes reminiscent of an entangled yarn, the rapid development of molecular and next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has revealed that mammalian genomes are highly organized in a hierarchical order that delicately affects transcription activities. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that 3D genome folding is implicated in diseases, giving us a clue on how to identify novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will study what 3D genome folding means in epigenetics, what types of 3D genome structures there are, how they are formed, and how the technologies have developed to explore them. We will also discuss the pathological implications of 3D genome folding. Finally, we will discuss how to leverage 3D genome folding and engineering for future studies.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.109-121
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• 2006

This study examines the relationship between mother's stress and cortisol level during late pregnancy and how it changes into postpartum periods. Thirty one families were recruited from Daejeon and Incheon in South Korea. The major findings were as follows: (1) The level of mothers' cortisol followed the typical diurnal pattern of decline throughout the day. Further longitudinal analysis revealed that the level of Korean mothers' cortisol steadily lowered from the 8th prenatal month to the 6th postnatal month. (2) During pregnancy, mothers reported to experience changes in physical activities, daily routines, eating habits, types or amount of social activities and sleeping habits. Among these they were stressed the most by changes in physical activities and social activities. (3) The results of postpartum depression tests conducted at two months after giving birth showed mothers at this time were mostly stressed from difficulty sleeping and unnecessary self criticism. (4) The level of psycho social stress in mothers at six months after giving birth was mainly on social roles and the questions about self reliance marked the highest points. (5) Overall, there was a tendency for the level of maternal stress to decrease definitely from before and after the delivery and even though the level of stress was steadily decreasing up to 6th postpartum month it was not as sharp as those of before and after the birth of the babies. The level of cortisol analysis also showed the same obvious tendency.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 1996

The most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain lipids is docosahexaenoic acid(C22 : 6 N-3, DHA). It is incorporated into nerve tissues mostly in utero and during the first year of life. DHA in brain is derived from either pre-formed DHA in human milk or by infant hepatic synthesis from linolenic acid in milk. This study was designed to investigate the effects of DHA supplementation on fatty acid profiles in maternal plasma lipid and breast milk. Twenty lactating women participated in the study. Seven women took 3g of fish oil per day and vitamin E for 28 days starting from the day of giving birth. Five women consumed 1.5g of fish oil as well as tivamin E, and the rest took vitamin E supplements for the same period of time. Dietary questionnaires and 3 consecutive 24-h recalls were collected to evaluate theri nutritional status and food habits. Finding that DHA intake from fish was not significantly different among three experimental groups, the partcipants were instructed to continue eating their usual home diets. Milk samples were taken on the day of giving birth, as well as the 7th, 14th and 28th day being the supplement phase, and finally 2 weeks after the cessating of DHA supplements. The amounts of the fish oil supplements produced significant dose-dependent increased in the DHA content of milk and plasma, but to a lesser degree. Base-line for 28 days raised the level to 2.05$\pm$0.43% and 1.5g/day supplement produced DHA levels of 1.02$\pm$0.19%. The results of this study indicated that relatively small amount of dietary DHA supplementation significantly elevats DHA content in milk. This would clearly elevate the infant's DHA intake which in turn may have implications for the infant's brain development.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.195-205
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• 2013

Excessive input of organic matters from fish cage farming has been considered as one of the major factors disturbing benthic ecosystem, especially in semi-enclosed coastal waters. Recently offshore aquaculture in the vicinity of Jeju-do has been introduced to minimize that kind of negative impact. This study was conducted to investigate the ecological impacts of offshore aquaculture on the macrobenthic polychaete communities. A total of ten sampling works were carried out for 28 months, spanning from 10 days after starting giving feed to 3 months after stopping giving feed. During the study period, mean current velocity was quite strong with the range of 50 cm/s to 70 cm/s. TOC of surface sediment was constantly low. Significant changes in polychaete community were detected just three months after starting giving feed, which were the increase of the number of species and density at all stations. Up to 18 months after the start of farming, the amount of feed provided played an important role in the fluctuation of the number of species and density, especially at 0 m and 10 m stations. After reducing the amount of feed provided, dominance of some opportunistic species within 10 m distance from fish cages still lasted to the end of aquaculture. However, opportunistic species disappeared 3 months after the end of farming, which indicated the sign of recovery from the disturbance. From these results, the amount of food input and the period of cultivation were critical factors disturbing polychaete community and ensuing changes in this offshore and oligotrophic waters as well. In addition, study on the changes of polychaete community structure before and after fish farming showed more detailed changes in benthic ecological state than geochemical approach did.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2011

The conventional satellite image fusion methods usually add the same amount of higher frequency components extracted from the panchromatic image to all the multispectral images. However, it is noted that each of multispectral images has different amount of overlap with the panchromatic image in terms of its spectrum, and also has different intensities. Thus giving the same amount of high frequency contents to all the spectral bands does not match with this observation, which causes color distortion in the fused image. In this paper, we propose a new wavelet-domain satellite image fusion algorithm that can compensate for these differences in intensity and spectrum overlap. For the compensation of intensity differences, we first estimate the high resolution multispectral images from P, considering the relative intensity ratios. For the compensation of the amount of spectral overlap, their wavelet coefficients are appended to the conventional wavelet-domain method where the coefficients for the addition is determined by the amount of spectrum overlap. Experiments are conducted for the IKONOS satellite images whose spectrums are well known, and the results show that the proposed algorithm gives higher PSNR and correlation coefficients compared to the conventional methods.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.48-57
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• 2014

In this study, we have investigated the influence of the nature of solvent on the grafting reaction of maleic anhydride onto polyethylene wax obtained as a by-product in a high density polyethylene plant. The results show that the grafting ratio in xylene as a solvent was higher than toluene. This is because xylene has excellent monomer solubility, swelling property and miscibility. It has been also observed that grafting degree shows an initial jump in percentage of grafting with increasing amount of solvent, from 0% v/w to 200% v/w giving maximum grafting in 200% v/w and then slightly decreases on further increase in the amount of solvent and becomes almost constant. It can be also seen that gel content was not formed under the use of solvent. It means that solvent prevented cross-linking reaction due to chain transfer reactions to solvent molecules. Studies of melt viscosity at $140^{\circ}C$ showed that viscosity increased after grafting of maleic anhydride onto polyethylene wax.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.56-64
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• 2014

Today, travelers are provided large amount information which includes Web sites and tourist magazines about introduction of tourist spot. Many approaches have been proposed to analyze the large amount of available information with the aim of discovering the most popular Points of Tourist Interest and routes. However, it is not easy for users to process the information in a short time. Therefore travelers prefer to receive pertinent information easier and have that information presented in a clear and concise manner. Whether you are looking for banks by company, foreign exchange services, free wireless hotspots, touristic attractions, campsites, supermarkets, restaurants, cinemas, The aim of POI Tourism Services is to enable tourists to find spots that only the locals know, giving the tourists opportunity to the tourists to explore new areas of the place like never before. This paper proposes find the scope for a personalized service for tourist "Special Interest Tourism" recommendation for tourists who travel within India & for the benefit of Foreign Nationals who visit the country. The major focus of the study is to understand the demand for such a service being integrated into the conventional tour package. The major findings made during the course of the show that the market for "Special Interest Tourism" based services stands at approximately 63%. Travel today is mainly for the people from the middle income group having a fixed budget while traveling and would like economic travel solutions that fit their budget. This accounts for a major part of the market for the service. Most tourist prefer to go on week end getaways or trips that last more than a week, this means that a specialized trip plan based on the travelers interests is feasible with these type of travelers. Maximum demand for "Special Interest Tourism" based services would be during the festive seasons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 2016

For air express service providers offering various express delivery services such as overnight delivery and next-business day delivery services, establishing quickly cargo loading plans is one of important issues owing to the characteristics of air express business, i.e., a short amount of time is available to complete all cargo loading operations before flight departure after receiving air express containers, pallets and bulks. On the other hand, one of major concerns in the air cargo loading planning is to make a plan that insures the stability of an aircraft to avoid take-off, flight, and landing accidents. To this end, this paper considers an air cargo loading planning problem, which is the problem of determining locations in the aircraft cargo space where air containers, pallets and bulks to be loaded while insuring the aircraft stability, motivated from DHL and Air Hong Kong. The objective of the problem is to maximize the total revenue gained from loading air express containers, pallets and bulks. To solve the problem, this paper suggests a simulated annealing algorithm to overcome impracticality of the integer programming model developed by a previous study requiring excessive computation time. The results of computational experiments show that the heuristic algorithm is a viable tool for establishing express cargo loading plans as giving robust and good solutions in a short amount of computation time. Scenario analyses are performed to investigate the effect of the current activities of air express carriers on the revenue change and to draw practical implications for air express service providers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.623-639
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• 2020

This study explores the factors associated with the amount of time use in leisure and social gathering activities. The analysis shows that the engaging role types of the youth, for example housekeeping and care giving, or working on the paid job are associated with the amount of time use in leisure activities. However, the factors related to time use in social gathering activities are the engaging role types of youth as well as the socializing opportunity. Compared to the other role types of the youth, the youth who are preparing for a job and is not engaged in employment, education, and training(NEET) spend more time in media leisure, travel and cultural activities, sports and reports activities, however spend less time in social gathering compared to students. The youth who have a job spend the least time in all of the leisure activities except travel and cultural activities for a weekend. Policy should remove the barriers in leisure activities and increase the opportunities for socializing.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.206-215
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• 2012

The results of influence on the saccharification and $Sikhea$ by adding mulberry fruit in this study are as follows. pH was decreased with the amount of mulberry fruit increased during the saccharification period. A significant change was not found after 4 hours of saccharification. It is considered that 4-5 hours was proper for saccharification because brix increased by more than 1 brix per hour up to 4 hours while there were little change after 5 hours. L was decreased while a and b values were increased in the Hunter' value of mulberry fruit $Sikhea$. The DPPH free radical scavenging activities and SOD-like activity of mulberry fruit $Sikhea$ were increased as the addition quantity of mulberry fruit increased. Anthocynin color pigment in mulberry fruit has the inhibiting effect on microbes. The preferences of mulberry fruit $Sikhea$ were 10% < 30% < 15% < 20% < 0% < 25%, and less than 25% of mulberry fruit addition seems to be desirable. The addition of mulberry fruit will help decrease the amount of sugar to use in $Sikhea$ because the sugar level of $Sikhea$ increases with the addition of mulberry fruit. It will also improve the preference for Sihkea by giving it better color and sourness.