• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.468-474
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• 2013

Ginseng seed oil was prepared using compressed, solvent, and supercritical fluid extraction methods of ginseng seeds, and the extraction yield, color, phenolic compounds, fatty acid contents, and phytosterol contents of the ginseng seed oil were analyzed. Yields were different depending on the roasting pretreatment and extraction method. Among the extraction methods, the yield of ginseng seed oil from supercritical fluid extraction under the conditions of 500 bar and $65^{\circ}C$ was the highest, at 17.48%. Color was not different based on the extraction method, but the b-value increased as the roasting time for compression extraction was increased. The b-values of ginseng seed oil following supercritical fluid extraction were 3.54 to 15.6 and those following compression extraction after roasting treatment at $200^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, were 20.49, which was the highest value. The result of the phenolic compounds composition showed the presence of gentisic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid in the ginseng seed oil. No differences were detected in phenolic acid levels in ginseng seed oil extracted by compression extraction or solvent extraction, but vanillic acid tended to decrease as extraction pressure and temperature were increased for seed oil extracted by a supercritical fluid extraction method. The fatty acid composition of ginseng seed oil was not different based on the extraction method, and unsaturated fatty acids were >90% of all fatty acids, among which, oleic acid was the highest at 80%. Phytosterol analysis showed that ${\beta}$-sitosterol and stigmasterol were detected. The phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil following supercritical fluid extraction was 100.4 to 135.5 mg/100 g, and the phytosterol content following compression extraction and solvent extraction was 71.8 to 80.9 mg/100 g.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 1979

In order to investigate the optimal conditions which affects to extraction of ginseng extract and saponin in ginseng extract, experiment was carried out varing with ethanol percentage, extraction time, temperature, sol$.$vent and Plant Parts. The results art as follows: 1. The amounts of ginseng saponin was increased according to increanation of ethanol Percentage while the amounts of ginseng extract was decreased. 2. The amounts of ginseng extract was increased as the prolongation of extraction time, on the ether hand, ginseng saponin contents increased lentil 40hr. and decreased after that. 3. By the raise of extract temperature, both of the amounts of ginseng saponin and ginseng extract was increased two times and four times. respectively. 4. The total amounts ginseng extract was obtained 22.86u when the water used as the extraction solvent, 11.28% on ethanol and 11.04U on methanol, in the order. and the saponin contents gained when the extraction solvents of water, methanol and ethanol 7.47%, 12.36% and 12.77%, respectively. 5. It showed 9.23% of ginseng extract in epidermis and 8.4% of ginseng saponin in tail Part of raw ginseng and in the case of dried ginseng, ginseng extract and saponin showed the most amounts in epidermis of 18.28% and 19.35%, respectively. 6. The ratio of panaxadiol and panaxatriol contents of ginseng saponin was almost same when it was extracted varing with ethanol percentage and extraction time (duration), and the more alcohol percentage and the longer extraction time increased, the more fractional content of ginseng saponin was extracted.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.428-433
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• 2017

Background: In this study, the fermentation of ginseng seeds was hypothesized to produce useful physiologically-active substances, similar to that observed for fermented ginseng root. Ginseng seed was fermented using Bacillus, Pediococcus, and Lactobacillus strains to extract ginseng seed oil, and the extraction yield, color, and quantity of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and phytosterol were then analyzed. Methods: The ginseng seed was fermented inoculating 1% of each strain on sterilized ginseng seeds and incubating the seeds at $30^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. Oil was extracted from the fermented ginseng seeds using compression extraction, solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Results and Conclusion: The color of the fermented ginseng seed oil did not differ greatly according to the fermentation or extraction method. The highest phenolic compound content recovered with the use of supercritical fluid extraction combined with fermentation using the Bacillus subtilis Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) 1127 strain. The fatty acid composition did not differ greatly according to fermentation strain and extraction method. The phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method was highest at 983.58 mg/100 g. Therefore, our results suggested that the ginseng seed oil fermented with Bacillus subtilis KFRI 1127 and extracted using the supercritical fluid method can yield a higher content of bioactive ingredients, such as phenolics, and phytosterols, without impacting the color or fatty acid composition of the product.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2014

Ginseng leaf/stem extract produced by subcritical water extraction at high temperature ($190^{\circ}C$) posses higher cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines than ethanol extract. Subcritical water extraction can be a great candidate for extraction of functional substance from ginseng leaves/stems.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2018

The usage of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been limited due to short supply and high price. Therefore, sufficient production as well as efficient extraction of mountain ginseng are required for the development as products. In this study, wild ginseng adventitious root cultures were prepared for efficient production with advantages of fast growth and stable production. Treatment of methyl jasmonate (MJ) to wild ginseng adventitious root cultures increased the extraction yield and antioxidative activity. Further investigation on effect of extraction conditions suggested the importance of ethanol concentration on antioxidative activity and extraction yield of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures. Optimized extraction condition of MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root cultures for maximum extraction yield and antioxidative activity was determined using response surface methodology with three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Extraction of 1 g MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture with 30 ml of 9% ethanol at $30^{\circ}C$ produced 310.2 mg extract with 71.0% antioxidative activity at $100{\mu}g/ml$. Taken together, MJ-treated wild ginseng adventitious root culture is valuable source for wild ginseng usage and optimized extraction condition can be used for the development of functional products or folk remedies.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1984

In order to shorten the extraction time of saponin in ginseng products, election with Extrelut column and phase-separation methods were compared. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Saponin of ginseng products was extracted completely within 3 hours by election method with Extrelut column, and the rate of removing glucose by the column was increased with increasing glucose content in ginseng products. 2. Stirring method was superior to refluxing method for removing sugars from ginseng products, and removing rate was deceased in the order of lactose, sucrose and glucose. 3. Extraction rate of ginsenoside from ginseng extracts by the elution method was nearly same as that of phase-separation method; however, the former was much higher than the latter in the case of ginseng teas. Therefore, the elution by Extrelut column is to be improper for extraction of saponin in ginseng tea which contains much sugar. It was necessary to remove lipophilic compounds for extraction of saponin from ginseng extracts by elution with Extrelut column.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.337-342
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• 2009

The extraction conditions for the production of red ginseng polysaccharide were proposed. The crude fiber content of red ginseng marc (RGM) (15.3%) was much higher than that of white ginseng (WG) (2.1%) and red ginseng (RG) (0.5%). Thus, RGM was selected as the raw material for polysaccharide production. The correlation between the particle size of RGM and the polysaccharide extraction was investigated with a correlation analysis using the SPSS package. The two parameters were found to have a significant correlation (p<0.01). The polysaccharide extraction increased as the particle size of RGM decreased. The optimal concentration of RGM was 6.66% (w/v). The extraction yield increased as both the extraction temperature and the extraction time increased. Finally, the extraction temperature and time were selected as $85^{\circ}C$ and 5 hrs, respectively. Consequently, the extraction conditions for polysaccharide production were optimized and statistically confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of acidic polysaccharides from red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic extract from red ginseng. Method of carbazole-sulfuric acid was applied to determine the amount of acidic polysaccharides in red ginseng marc. The amounts of acidic polysaccharides in water extract of red ginseng marc were increased with increasing extraction temperature. The contents of acidic polysaccharides were not significantly different despite of the extraction time increasing from 6 hours to 48 hours. The contents of starch in water-extract of red ginseng marc were increased with increasing extraction temperature. The starch amounts in water extract of red ginseng marc extracted for 48 hours were increased. The yields of polysaccharide precipitated from water-extract of red ginseng marc were increased with increasing extraction temperature. The hydration rate of acidic polysaccharides and starch from water-extract of red ginseng marc were decreased with increasing extraction temperature. The contents of starch were not significantly different despite of the extraction time increasing from 6 hours to 48 hours at $8^{\circ}C$. However, the rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide for 48 hours were decreased at $8^{\circ}C$. The rehydration rate of acidic polysaccharide and starch extracted from 6 hours to 24 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ were not significantly different, but those extracted for 48 hours were increased. From the above results, we suggest that by altering the extraction conditions in red ginseng marc it is possible to develop optimum conditions for extraction that modulate the proportions of acidic polysaccharide and starch.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.23 no.2 s.54
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• pp.88-92
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• 1999

Hydrolysis properties of ginseng saponins in processing of extraction with vacuum impulse system extraction method were compared with multi-stage extraction methods. Crude saponin content of the extract produced by vacuum impulse system extraction method was $11.5\%,$ compared with multi-stage extraction method (about $8.13\%).$ Also the yield of the extract increased about $6.7\%.$ The flavor and aroma of ginseng extract with vacuum impulse system extraction method are stronger than multi-stage extraction methods and people have a tendency to like more. The color was similar to existing extraction items and the liquidity ratio was high. Vacuum impulse system extraction method could save human resources because of short extraction time and automatic operation of processing. With HPLC pattern, We could ascertain the truth that hydrolysis properties of ginseng saponin was restrained in the extraction processing, vacuum impulse system extraction method.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1994

To develop the methodology of the quantitative analysis of saponin in ginseng milk, conditions of the saponin extraction were optimized using the fractional factorial design with 3 variables and 3 levels by a RSM computer program. The extraction of saponin increased with an increase in extraction temperature up to $90^{\circ}C$ and then decreased significantly at $100^{\circ}C$. Extraction time affected the saponin yield in a similar trend. On the other hand, decreasing cooling temperature increased the amount of the saponin extracted. Recovery yield of the saponin from ginseng milk varied from 70.0% to 92.9%. The optimum extraction temperature, time and cooling temperature determined by partial differentiation of the model equation were $86^{\circ}C$, 2.83 hrs and $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. Key words Ginseng milk, saponin, response surface methodology.