• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.501-511
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• 2001

Several indices have been developed that use bleeding and color changes as indicators of early gingival pathology. In the presence of gingivitis, vascular proliferation and reduction of keratinization owing to increase redness in gingiva. Descriptions of healthy gingiva are numerous, ranging from pale pink and coral pink to deep red and violet. This terms are not objective. Because of perception of color depends on a lot of factors such as light source, object, observer and so on. It is difficult to make an objective expression. Therefore the using of mechanical equipment is recommended to exclude these variables and observer's vias. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gingival color change after scaling & subgingival root planing. The other purpose of this study was to research the correlation of pocket depth, P.B.I. score and gingival color change. After photo-taking and storaging the image of gingival color into a computer, color change was examine with an image analysis program. Results were as follow; 1. Color of healed gingiva after scaling & subgingival root planing was significantly differ from color of inflamed gingiva(p<0.01). 2. Color of healed gingiva after scaling was similar to color of healed gingiva after subgingival root planing(p<0.05). 3. There was statistically significant correlation between color change of red component and pocket depth after scaling & subgingival root planing(p<0.01). 4. There was no correlation between color change of green, blue component and pocket depth after scaling & subgingival root planing(p<0.01). 5. There was statistically significant correlation between between color change of red component and P.B.I. score after scaling & subgingival root planing(p<0.01). 6. There was no correlation between color changes of green, blue component and P.B.I. score after scaling & subgingival root planing(p<0.01). 7. Increase of pocket depth and P.B.I. score were significantly correlated to the amount of color change(p<0.01). 8. P.B.I. score had a higher correlation with color change than pocket depth(p<0.01).

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.305-318
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the effect on the formation of keratinized attached gingiva when free gingival graft with strip technique was used. After the partial thickness flap was prepared, it was positioned apically more than 7mm using mucoperiosteal suture. At the donor site, strip was achieved with 2mm width, less than 1mm thickness, (mesiodistal teeth length + 6)$^{\ast}$2 mm length. Then, it was divided into 2 same pieces and located at the recipient bed apico-coronally with more or less 3mm interval. Follow-up check was made at 1,2,4,8,12 weeks after the operation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The inter-strip space was mostly filled with keratinized attached gingiva. 2. The contraction of the graft was nigligible, and 92% of planned area was filled with keratinized attached gingiva. 3. The inconvenience of the patients at donor site was minimal. 4. The width of the strip was widened. In conclusion, free gingival graft using strip technique is useful to achieve the keratinized attached gingiva maximally with free gingival graft minimally and to minimize the inconvenience of donor palatal site of the patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.243-258
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• 2001

Gingival recession is exposure of the root surface with apical shift in the position of gingiva. The incidence of gingival recession is 8% in children and 100% after the age of 50. Recession tends to be found in patients with healthy gingiva, but more frequentely found in patients with periodontal disease, and it often causes mucogingival defects. Buccal surface of premolar is the area not only for severe gingival recession and cervical abrasion, but also the area of numbers of buccal frenum and less keratinized gingiva. Threrfore, the goal of this study was to observe the patients with periodontitis and examine whether there are clinical relations between gingival recession and cervical abrasion of premolar and other factors related with the condition of periodontal health. Generally healthy 218 patients who had periodontitis, aged between 18 and 78, were examined for depth of periodontal poket, width of attached gingival, gingival recession, cervical abrasion, and frenum of mid-buccal surface of premolar at the Department of Periodontics in Dankook University Dental Hospital and following is the result. 1. The average gingival recession and cervical abrasion of premolar with periodontal disease was 0.76mm and 0.29mm and each has 43% and 14% of incidence. Also the width of attached gingiva of mid-buccal surface was 1.77mm. the average periodontal pocket depth is 2.0mm and 47% of frequently seen was narrow single shaped frenum, and the interdistance of the frenum was mostly over 4mm. 2. With statistical significance(P<0.05), the incidence of gingival recession increased with age and was related much more with female than male, the first premolar than the second premolar, and with narrow attached gingiva and frenum. 3. With statistical significance(p<0.05), the incidence of cervical abrasion increased with age and was related with the area of the first premolar and narrow attached gingiva, but the sexual and frenum differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). 4. The severity of gingival recession increased with age and was more related with female than male, the first premolar than the second premolar. And the area of narrow attached gingiva and frenum showed more gingival recession and the distance of frenum was more highly related than shape, and they were statistically significant (p<0.05). 5. With statistical significance(p<0.05), the severity of cervical abrasion increase with age and was observed at the first premolar and narrow attached gingiva. But the sexual and frenum differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.122-134
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• 2000

각화치은, 부착치은의 폭경, 치은열구의 깊이에 대해 성인에서는 많은 연구가 있었으나 아동에서의 연구는 드물었기 때문에, 유치열기, 혼합치열기 및 영구치열기의 모든 치아에 대하여 아동의 협측 각화치은 및 부착치은의 폭경과 치은열구 깊이에 대한 정상치를 구하고, 악골의 발육 및 치아의 맹출과의 관련성을 고찰하며, 점막치은 문제의 발현빈도를 조사하고자 하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 유치열의 부착치은 폭경은 상악 유측절치 및 유견치에서 각각 3.50mm, 3.55mm로 최대값을, 하악 제1유구치에서 1.34mm로 최소값을 나타내었다. 영구치열의 경우에는 상악 측절치에서 3.00mm로 최대값을, 하악 제1소구치에서 0.55mm로 최소값을 나타내었다. 상하악 동명치아 비교시 상악 치아가 하악 치아보다 더 큰 값을 나타내었고, 남녀간 차이에는 특별한 규칙이 발견되지는 않았다. 2. 연령증가에 따른 부착치은 폭경의 변화 양상은 유치열의 경우 유견치, 제1유구치, 제2유구치에서 6세부터 증가하였다. 영구치의 경우 남자에서는 하악 중절치와 상악 제 1대구치의 측정값만이 연령에 따른 증가 추세를 나타냈으나(p<0.05), 여자에서는 상하악 중절치 측절치 및 상악 제1대구치에서 통계적으로 유의성 있는 각화치은 폭경의 증가 추세를 관찰할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 3. 치아교대기에서 부착치은 폭경의 차이는 남자 상악 중절치를 제외한 모든 경우에 유치에서의 측정값이 영구치에서의 측정값보다 큰 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 4. 6제부터 12세까지는 각화치은의 폭경과 치은열구의 깊이는 대부분 유치 초기값보다 그 계승영구치 최종값이 더 높은 값을 나타냈으나(p<0.05), 부착치은의 폭경에서는 유치 초기와 그 계승영구치 최종값사이에 통계적으로 유의성 있는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 5. 점막치은 문제 발현 빈도는 남녀에 상관없이 유치열은 상하악 제 1유구치가, 영구치열은 상하악 모두 제 1소구치가 최고치를 나타냈으며 유치에서보다 그 대응 계승영구치에서 그 빈도가 더욱 높게 나타났다. 연령증가에 따라 점막치은 문제의 발현 빈도는 유치열, 영구치열에서 모두 감소하였으나, 하악 제1유구치, 하악 영구 견치, 제1, 제2소구치의 경우 연령의 증가와 상관없이 비슷하게 유지되거나 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2020

Oral mucosal melanoma is a very rare type of malignant melanoma, the characteristics of which differ from those of cutaneous melanoma. Primary amelanotic melanoma of the mandibular gingiva, which can invade the mandibular bone, is very rare worldwide. Here, we report a case in which we performed a reconstruction of the mandible and gingiva using the fibula osteocutaneous free flap procedure to treat a patient diagnosed with a primary amelanotic melanoma of the mandibular gingiva. The procedure was successful, and no recurrence was observed 10 months after surgery. Oral mucosal melanoma has a much poorer prognosis and a lower 5-year survival rate than cutaneous melanoma. However, recently, immunomodulatory therapies for mutations in melanocytic lesions have been used effectively to treat the increasing number of patients developing this type of melanoma, thus improving the prognosis of patients with oral mucosal melanoma.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1976

The author studied the gingival responses to some dental cements in the gingival sulcus around artificial crowns. Abutment preparation for full veneer crown was performed in the canines of the two dogs. The location of cervical margins was about 0.5mm. below the gingival crest. Niranium metal crowns were constructed for the teeth, and cemented with zinc phosphate cement or polycarboxy late cement. In the experimental groups the retained cements in the gingival sulucus were not removed, and in the control groups the cements were removed completely after cementation. The dogs were sacrificed at 3 weeks and 5 weeks respectively after cementation. The gingival responses to these cements were examined histologically. The findings were as follows. 1. There was severe inflammation in the gingiva where the cements had been retained in the gingival sulcus around artificial crowns. 2. There was more severe inflammation in the gingiva which had contacted with zinc phosphate cement than in the gingiva with polycarboxylate cement. 3. There was mild inflammation in the gingiva around the margins of Niranium crowns. 4. The retained cement around the margin of restoration should be completely removed after cementation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.179-187
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to measure keratinized gingival thickness in healthy Korean adults, and to correlate the keratinized gingival thickness with width of keratinized gingiva, probing pocket depth and gingival recession.Thickness measurements were performed in 37 Korean dental students using an ultrasonic device(SDM). Width of keratinized gingiva, gingival recession and probing pocket depth were measured with a Williams periodontal probe.The results showed that the keratinized gingival thickness varied from 0.83 mm(canines) to 1.16 mm(central incisors) in the maxilla and, in the mandible, from 0.68 mm(1st premolars) to 1.69 mm(2nd molars). In a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, 23% of variation of gingival thickness could be explained by width of keratinized gingiva and probing pocket depth. It could be concluded that the keratinized gingival thickness depends on tooth type and correlates with width of keratinized gingiva and probing pocket depth.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical effect of the Langer & Langer technique, the modified Langer & Langer technique and Bruno technique. Material and Methods: 30 patients who have gingiva recession(Miller class I or class II) were carried root coverage. Langer & Langer technique(14 patients/32 tooth), modified Langer & Langer technique(5 patients/10 tooth) and Bruno technique(11 patients/18 tooth) was carried. At baseline and average 3 months after operation, it was estimated clinical index(Pocket depth, gingiva recession, clinical attachment level, keratinized gingiva, scar tissue, root coverage rate) by Williams style probe. Result: Root coverage rate is indicated Langer & Langer technique(8S%), Modified Langer & Langer technique(86%) and Bruno technique(90%). Conclusion: All three of the procedures were effective in gingival recession and improved clinical parameters.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7513-7516
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• 2015

Background: Pyogenic granuloma is a common non-neoplastic connective tissue proliferation. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are vascular adhesion molecules and CD34 is a marker for evaluation of angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 & CD34 in oral pyogenic granuloma and normal gingiva. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on thirty five formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples of gingival pyogenic granuloma. Also we used thirty five paraffined blocks of normal gingiva as control group which were taken from crown lengthening surgery. We employed immunohistochemistry staining for our prepared microscopic slides using monoclonal mouse anti-human antibodies against ICAM-1 (CD54), VCAM-1 (CD106) and CD34. Slides were examined under light microscope and then the mean amount of stained vessels also known as microvascular density (MVD) in highly vascularized areas (hot spots) was measured. Paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare the difference between quantitative variables and Chi-square test for qualitative variables in different groups. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare relations between quantitative variables. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean of MVD for ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD34 was significantly higher in pyogenic granuloma than normal gingiva (p<0.001 & p<0.001 & p<0.001, respectively). Expression of CD34 in pyogenic granuloma was significantly higher than ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (P<0.001). Besides, expression of ICAM-1 in normal gingiva, was significantly lower than two other markers (p<0.001). Conclusions: Regarding the results, it seems that ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD34 are useful biomarkers in evaluation of vascular and inflammatory lesions such as gingival pyogenic granuloma and the results indicate the role of these biomarkers in pathogenesis of oral pyogenic granuloma.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.717-728
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• 1996

The effects of electro-acupuncture on the pain threshold and the amplitude of dEMG(di-gastric EMG) evoked by the noxious electric stimulation on teeth and gingiva in dogs were studied. Experiments were carried out with 10 dogs weighing 5-8kg. Each animal was anestheticed with Entobar given intraperitoneally in an initial dose of 30mg/kg. Maintenance dose of 5mg/kg/hr was given through a cannula, in the femoral vein, as required to keep up light anesthesia. Bipolar stimulating wire electrodes, 0.1mm in diameter, insulated except for tips, were inserted into the upper canine and palatal gingiva. Rectangular aluminium plate electrodes (15$\times$5mm) were placed on acupuncture points, called Yin-Hsiang, located at both sides of the upper jaw. Rectangular biphasic current pulses of 2Hz, with a $250{\mu}sec$ duration, were delivered for 15 minutes. The dEMG activities were recorded from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle(one of the jaw opening muscles) using bipolar wire electrodes. The magnitude of the jaw opening reflex at different intensties of electro-acupuncture(1volt 4volt and 10volt) was estimated by averaging the 30 superimposed dEMGs recorded on an oscilloscope and audiomonitor. Data were analysed statistically with ANOV A and paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Pain thresholds were increased 7.7 %, 15.4 %, 17.3 % in the teeth and 11.1 %, 19.0 %, 25.4 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 2. Amplitudes of dEMG were decreaed 8.3%, 22.4%, 27.4% in the teeth and 9.8%, 36.5%, 42.2 % in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 3. Inhibition of pain responses by the electroacupuncture was more effective in the gingiva than in the teeth.