• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.121-124
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• 1980

Microscopical studies of Leucothrix sp. and its histological effect on the gill tissue of Penaeus japanicus have been made. Infection of Leucothrix sp. results in color change of the gills of the shrimp which is mainly due to the brown or black pigments of the filamentous bacteria. Higher degree of the infections makes necrosis and serious histological changes of the gill tissue and this infection affects the respiratory activity of the shrimp.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2010

We investigated the effect of Cu exposure on the activities of protective antioxidant enzymes in the gills and digestive glands of the manila clam Ruditapes phillippinarum exposed to subchronic concentrations (0, 20, 40, and $80{\mu}gL^{-1}$) of waterborne Cu. No mortality occurred during the experimental period, and no significant condition index differences were observed in any exposure group compared with the control. No significant differences were observed in the digestive glands and gills of the clams observed during 15 days of exposure, but after 30 days, the SOD activity in the gill showed a significant difference between the $80{\mu}gL^{-1}$ Cu-exposed group and the control. GPx activities in the digestive glands and gills were significantly lower after 30 days of Cu exposure. Gill GR activity in the high-exposure group ($80{\mu}gL^{-1}$) was significantly elevated compared with that in the control group. GST activities in the digestive glands of all groups did not change over 30 days. However, GST activity in the gill at $80{\mu}gL^{-1}$ Cu was significantly higher after 15 and 30 days of exposure. GSH activities in the gill showed patterns similar to those of GST activities during exposure periods. In the digestive glands, GSH activity was higher only at $80{\mu}gL^{-1}$ after 30 days exposure. In digestive glands and gills, the MDA levels of clams exposed to $80{\mu}gL^{-1}$ Cu were significantly higher after 30 days of exposure.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.15.1-15.8
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• 2019

Corexit 9500 is a dispersant commercially available in Nigeria that is used to change the inherent chemical and physical properties of oil, thereby changing the oil's transport and fate with potential effects on the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical (enzymes and electrolyte) toxicity of Corexit 9500 dispersant on the gills, liver and kidney of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus after exposure for 21 days. One hundred sixty fish were used without gender consideration. Range-finding tests were conducted over a 96-h period after acclimatisation of the test organisms in the laboratory. The test organisms (10/treatment) were exposed to Corexit 9500 in the following concentrations-0.00, 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05 ml/l in triplicate. Twenty-one days later, fish was dissected. 0.5 g from each of the following organs-gills, liver and kidney tissues-was removed, homogenised and tested for enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], urea, creatinine and electrolytes (sodium ($Na^+$), potassium ($K^+$), chloride ($Cl^-$), bicarbonate ($HCO_3{^-}$)) following standard methods. In the gills, SOD and ALT to AST ratio were significantly lower than in control while the creatinine was significantly higher in the toxicant. In the kidney, creatinine was significantly higher in fish exposed to the toxicant. In the liver, ALP increased in the toxicant while urea was decreased. The mean electrolyte concentrations ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3{^-}$) increased significantly in the concentration of the toxicant (P < 0.05). The alterations observed in the activities of these electrolytes and enzymes indicated that Corexit 9500 interfered with transamination and metabolic functions of the fish.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exposured $Cu^{2+}$ on growth and bioaccumulation of abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Abalone were exposed to various concentration of $Cu^{2+}$ (0, 5, 10, 20, $40{\mu}g/L$). Bioaccumulation of tissues, hepatopancreas, muscles and gills were measured. hepatopancreas and gills $Cu^{2+}$ concentration of abalone increases to extent during the 4 weeks accumulation time. But muscles showed no significant changes, with respect to control. These data indicate that abalone Haliotis discus hannai hepatopancreas and gills can be considered adequate target tissues for waterborne exposured of $Cu^{2+}$. Weight growth rate of abalone exposed to $Cu^{2+}$ was significantly decreased in 20 and $40{\mu}g/L$ groups compared to control. This study revealed that high $Cu^{2+}$ concentration (${\geq}20{\mu}g/{\ell}$) reduced growth of abalone. These data indicate that excessive waterborne $Cu^{2+}$ can affect the toxicity of xenbiotics to abalone through alterations in growth rate. Thus, environmental standard of $Cu^{2+}$ $20{\mu}g/L$, should be considered a potential source of variation in toxicological studies with abalone.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2012

Diseased eel (Anguilla bicolor) displayed severe hemorrhages in the gills, and congestion and swelling in the liver. During the epizootic, the water temperature was $28^{\circ}C$ and the morality rates were about 5%. No parasites were found on the gills and skin. Bacteria were not cultured from any internal organs using TSA or SS agar at $28^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs. Histopathologically, the gills showed epithelial hyperplasia in the base of secondary gill lamellae and hemorrhages in the capillaries. Some cells in the proliferated interlamellar epithelia exhibited marginal hyperchromatosis. And severe vacuolated changes in the parenchymal cells and congestion in the central veins were observed in the liver. The specific amplicon (396 bp) was detected from gills and opercula of affected eel PCR using Anguillid herpesvirus-1 (AngHV-1) -specific primer sets HVAPOLVPSD (5-'GTG TCG GGC TTT GTG GTG C-3') and HVAPOLOOSN (5'-CAT GCC GGG AGT CTT TTT GAT-3'). Sequencing analysis of the amplicon demonstrated that this gene was 99% homologous to the AngHV-1 sequence deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of AngHV-1 outbreak in the farmed shortfin eels (A. bicolor) in Korea. When diseased fish were maintained for 10 days at water temperatures of $32^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$, the cumulative mortalities were 100% and 10%, respectively. Even though the AngHV-1 genome in the gills from the eel kept at $35^{\circ}C$ was detected using PCR, the structure of gill filaments was similar with that of normal fish. Increasing the water temperature to $35^{\circ}C$ was an effective way to diminish the mortality of AngHV-1 affected eel.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 1992

The bacteriophages lytic for Vibrio furnissi, Vibrio furniulis and Vibrio parahemolyticus were isolated from fish gills and shellfish. Nucleic acid of bacteriophage was prepared and restriction endonuclease profile was compared. All isolates contained deoxyribonucleic acid. V. fumissi bacteriophage from fish gills showed 2 bands with Bgl II, 1 with Pst, 3 with Hind III, 1 with Bm HI and 2 with EcoR I. V Puuialis phage represented 7 fragments with Bgl II, 1 with Pst, 4 with Hind III, and 2 with EcoR I. V parhemolyticn produced 13 sites with Hind III and 4 sites with EcoR I. The fragment types were varied depending on the phage isolation. All three phages were digested with Hind III and EcoR I with different sizes. V furnissi phage were digested with 5 different restriction enzymes. Key words: Bacteriophage, Vibrio furnissi, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio pnrahemolyticus, Deoxyribonucleic acid, Pst, Bam HI, Hind III, EcoR I, Bgl II.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2002

Histopathological changes and cadmium accumulations in the gills were investigated in crucian carp(Carassius auratus) exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5mg/$\ell$ cadmium(Cd) concentrations for 25 days. After 25 days of exposure, cadmium accumulations increased in each of the different exposure concentrations.(omitted)

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 1997

The bacteriophages lytic for Vibrio furnissi, Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from fish gills and shellfish. Nucleic acid of bacteriophages was prepared and restriction endonuclease profile was compared. All isolates contained deoxyribonucleic acid. V. furnissi bacteriophage from fish gills showed 2 bands with Bgl II, 1 with Pst, 3 with Hind III, I with Bam HI and 2 with EcoR 1. V fluvialis phage represented 7 fragments with Bgl II, 1 with Pst, 4 with Hind III, and 2 with EcoR 1. V. parahamolyticus produced 13 sites with Hind III and 4 sites with EcoR 1. The fragment types were varied depending on the phage isolation. All three phages were digested with Hind III and EcoR I with different sizes. V. furnissi phage were digested with 5 different restriction enzymes.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2014

Glufosinate-ammonium, a component of the herbicide Basta, is one of the most extensively used pesticides worldwide. In this study, we assessed subchronic and chronic toxicities of Basta and its histopathological effects on the marine medaka Oryzias dancena. Marine medaka were exposed to 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg/L of Basta for 28 or 42 days. The lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of Basta for 96 h is 8.76 mg/L. Histological changes in the gills and liver were evaluated with histopathological indices, allowing quantification of the damage to fish exposed to Basta. Blood congestion, lamellar fusion, and epithelial lifting were observed in the gills, and hydropic degeneration, fibrosis, lipid degeneration, leukocyte infiltration, and necrosis were found in the liver. These responses could be useful indicators of Basta toxicity in this species.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 1997

A total of 353 farmed rockfish, Sebastes schlegli Hilgendorf, 1880 were sampled from 3 localities on Korean coastline over a 12 month period. Full parasitological examination revealed the polypisthocotylean monogenean Micorcotyle sebastis Goto, 1894 to be abundant with infections consistently reaching over 90~100% prevalence throughout the year. A seasonal pattern in parasite abundance on the gills is evident, with the population peaking twice, the largest in winter and again in summer. While the parasitic load on the left and right gills was not dissimilar, parasites within the gill sets were found to favour settlement of the II and III gill arches. A comparison of parasite abundance with host length, revealed that the smaller length fish classes (<17cm standard body length) had significantly heavier infections than those of larger fish (>17 cm standard body length). This report represents the fist record of Microcotyle sebastis on farmed rockfish in Korean coastal waters.