• Title/Summary/Keyword: geological group

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Geological Distribution of Aquatic Invertebrates Living in Paddy Fields of South Korea (한국의 논에 서식하는 수서무척추생물의 지리적 군집 분포)

  • Kim, Myung-Hyun;Han, Min-Su;Nam, Hyung-Kyu;Kang, Kee-Kyung;Kim, Miran
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.1136-1142
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    • 2012
  • The roles of paddy fields are re-evaluated as an artificial wetland. Although 44% of total aquatic invertebrates in South Korea are observed in a rice paddy, information of their distribution and characteristics of habitat use is limited yet. This study was carried out to provide information and characterizing distribution of community of aquatic invertebrates using a rice paddy through the South Korea. Aquatic invertebrates were collected at 284 sites of a rice paddy in South Korea from June to August, 2005, 2006 and 2007. We grouped sampling sites according to its species and population of aquatic invertebrates using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Total 21 orders 60 families 114 species were collected from a rice paddy. Coleoptera (25%), Heteroptera (17%), Diptera (17%) and Odonata (12%) were observed. Aquatic invertebrates were classified into three groups (Group 1: Gangwon, Gyeonggi and Chungbuk; Group 2: Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam and Jeju; Group 3: Gyeongbuk and Kyeongnam). In Group 1, Muljarus japonicas distributed mainly Gangwondo and Chungbuk. In Group 2, Sigara nigroventralis and S. substriata were mainly observed. In Group 3, higher density of Daphnia sp. and Chironomidae gen. spp. was found in the southern part of Korea.

Engineering Properties of Mylonite in the Youngju Area (영주지역 압쇄암의 공학적 특성 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Wook;Choi, Eun-Kyeong;Yang, Tae-Sun;Lee, Kyu-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2011
  • The area to be studied is the place where the main line rail way will be constructed in accordance with the scheduled construction project of Yeongju dam, and is a fold and mylonite zone over several km that is formed by ductile-shearing effect. The ductile shear zone, which has been transformed by faulting for long geological time, shows a complicated geological structure. Due to the recrystallization of mineral caused by transformation in deep underground (>8km), a mylonite zone with lamellar structure has properties distinguished from other fault zones formed by transformation near earth surface <2km). To see the properties of mylonite, this study analyzed the transformation rate of sample rocks and the shape of constriction structure accompanied with transformation. While the transformation of fault zone shows a round oblate, the mylonite zone shows a prolate form. Transformation rate in fault zone was measured to be less than 1.2 compared to the state before transformation while the measured rate in mylonite zone was 2.5 at most. Setting the surface of discontinuity as the base, the unconfined compressive strength of slickenside can be categorized in sedimentary rocks, and a change of strength was observed after water soaking over certain time. Taking into account that the weathering resistance of the rock based on mineral and chemical organization is relatively higher, its engineering properties seems to result from the shattered crack structure by crushing effect. When undertaking tunnel construction in mylonite zone, there should be a special care for the expansion of shattered cracks or the fall of strength by influx of ground water.

Analysis of Rock Slope Stability for Natural Slope and Cut Slope of Gneiss Area in Andong, Korea (편마암지역 자연사면.절취사면의 안정성 분석 사례)

  • Kim, Man-Il;Bae, Du-Won;Kim, Jong-Tae;Chae, Byung-Gon;Jeong, Gyo-Cheol
    • The Journal of Engineering Geology
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    • v.17 no.2 s.52
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    • pp.289-297
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    • 2007
  • Slope failure that is occurred by rainfall generates a lot of property damages and loss of lives. Slope stability management and reinforcement countermeasure can be attained through continuous monitoring about various slope types that adjoin in human's life for reducing slope failure from natural and artificial cut slope hazards. The study area is rock slope that is consisted of gneiss, and large scale joint set is ranging by fault activity. This rock mass is exposed during long period and has lithological weathering property of weathered rock or soft rock. In-situ investigation carried out after divide by natural slope and cut slope. As a result, the natural slope appeared to high possibility of planar failure and wedge failure in few joint points that main joint set is formed. On the other hand, slope failure conformation in cut slope was superior only wedge failure occurrence possibility in eight joint points. In result of numerical analysis using SLIDE 2D, the minimum safety factor was analyzed slope stability for cut slope relatively low than natural slope in this study.

Analysis on Design Change for Backfilling Solution of the Disposal Tunnel in the Deep Geological Repository for High-Level Radioactive Waste in Finland (핀란드 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분시설 처분터널 뒤채움 설계 변경을 위한 연구사례 분석)

  • Heekwon Ku;Sukhoon Kim;Jeong-Hwan Lee
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.435-444
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    • 2023
  • In the licensing application for the deep geological disposal system of high-level radioactive waste in Finland, the disposal tunnel backfilling has been changed from the block/pellet (for the construction) to the granular type (for the operation). Accordingly, for establishing the design concept for backfilling, it is necessary to examine applicability to the domestic facility through analyzing problems of the existing method and improvements in the alternative design. In this paper, we first reviewed the principal studies conducted for changing the backfill method in the licensing process of the Finnish facility, and identified the expected problems in applying the block/pellet backfill method. In addition, we derived the evaluation factors to be considered in terms of technical and operational aspects for the backfilling solution, and then conducted a comparative analysis for two types of backfill methods. This analysis confirmed the overall superiority of the design change. It is expected that these results could be utilized as the technical basis for deriving the optimum design plan in development process of the Korean-specific deep disposal facility. However, applicability should be reviewed in advance based on the latest technical data for the detailed evaluation factors that must be considered for selecting the backfilling method.

Occurrence of the Fossil Mesopsyche dobrokhotovae in the Late Triassic Amisan Formation, Nampo Group, Korea and its Geological Implication (후기 트라이아스기 아미산층에서 산출된 밑들이(Mesopsyche dobrokhotovae) 화석과 그 지질학적 의의)

  • Nam, Kye Soo;Kim, Jong-Heon
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.161-167
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    • 2014
  • Recently, a winged insect fossil the Mecoptera has been discovered for the first time in the Late Triassic Amisan Formation in the Boryeong area, Chungnam, Korea. The fossil is classified as Mesopsyche dobrokhotovae based on the characteristics of wing venation. Insect fossils which belong to this Genus show worldwide distribution in the Late Triassic, making it possible to estimate that they thrived in this period. Extant Mecoptera survive in humid environments by hanging onto tree leaves or stems and eating other small insects. Compared to the ecology of extant Mecoptera, the presence of the fossil Mecoptera indicates that the paleoenvironment in Nampo Group was very similar to the present during the Late Triassic Period. Mesopsyche dobrokhotovae is the first Mecoptera occurrence and one of the oldest insect fossil occurrences in Korea.

Shallow Geological Structure of the Yongil Bay, Southeast Coast of Korea (한국 남동부 영일만의 천부 지질구조)

  • Choi Dong-Lim;Kim Seong-Ryul;Suk Bong-Chool;Oh Jae-Kyung
    • The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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    • v.1 no.1 s.1
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    • pp.53-62
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    • 1993
  • The geologic structure of the Yongil Bay was studied in detail based on high resolution seismic profiles. The seafloor trends NE to SW with a deeper part off the Kuryong Peninsula. The seafloor is rather smooth due to the Quaternary fluvial deposits in the lower part and muddy sediments in the upper part. The seafloor off Umockri is very irregular due to erosion where Tertiary sedimentary rocks crop out. The underlying basement rocks were strongly deformed with faults and folds. High-angled reverse faults mostly trend N-S and NNW-SSE and are indicative of westward thrusting. Normal faults in NW-SE and WNW-ESE directions occur locally. Large folding structures trend NE-SW nearshore area of Umockri. The geologic structure suggests that the bay was subject to compressional stress regimes trending E-W and/or NW-SE prior to the early Late Miocene.

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Fluid Inclusion Studies on the Wolak Tungsten-Molybdenum Deposits, Korea (월악 중석-몰리브덴 광상의 유체포유물 연구)

  • Lee, In Sung;Park, Hee-In
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.17-32
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    • 1982
  • The Wolak tungsten-molybdenum deposits are tungsten-molybdenum bearing quartz veins which filled the fractures in Pre-Cambrian pebble-bearing calcareous hornfels, hornfels and Cretaceous granite. There are two vein groups in this mine, Dongsan vein group in the west and Kwangcheon vein group in the east. The ore minerals are wolframite, scheelite, molybdenite, native bismuth, bismuthinite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, cubanite, stannite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, marcasite, Pb-Bi sulfosalt and ilmenite. Quartz, calcite, beryl, fluorite, muscovite, rhodochrosite and siderite are gangue minerals. Fluid inclusion studies were carried out for the quartz, beryl, scheelite, early and late fluorite. Fluid inclusion studies reveal that liquid-gas inclusions are most common and occur in all of the minerals examined. Filling degree of the inclusions in the late fluorite is much higher than that of the inclusions in quartz and early fluorite. Liquid $CO_2$ bearing liquid-gas inclusions occur in quartz and early fluorite. Liquid, gas and solid phase inclusions occur in quartz, beryl and scheelite. Salinities of inclusions in quartz and beryl from Dongsan vein group range from 3.9 to 8.0, from 5.3 to 7.7 wt.% NaCl equivalent respectively. Salinities in the late fluorite range from 1.5 to 3.2 wt.% NaCl equivalent. In Kwangcheon vein group salinities range from 3.9 to 9.6 wt.% NaCl equivalent in quartz, from 2.8 to 7.3 wt.% NaCl equivalent in early fluorite, from 1.3 to 1.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent in late fluorite. Homogenization temperatures of inclusions range from $239^{\circ}$ to higher than $360^{\circ}C$ in quartz, over $360^{\circ}C$ in scheelite, from $288^{\circ}C$ to higher than $360^{\circ}C$ in beryl, and from $159^{\circ}$ to $202^{\circ}C$ in late fluorite of the Dongsan vein group. In Kwangcheon vein group, homo genization temperatures of inclusions range from $240^{\circ}C$ to higher than $360^{\circ}C$ in quartz and from $240^{\circ}$ to $328^{\circ}C$ in early fluorite. As a whole, in Dongsan and Kwangcheon vein groups it seems that there are no distinct differences in mineralogy, salinities and homogenization temperatures. No distinct variations in homogenization temperatures are revealed through about 300 m vertically in both district. The faint trend of increase in salinities in the lower level can be detected. The salinity, $CO_2$ content and the temperature of ore fluid were much higher in the early vein stage and then dropped off in the late stage of mineralization as represented by the quartz and fluorite inclusion data.

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Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Risk Factors in French Polynesia

  • Xhaard, Constance;Ren, Yan;Clero, Enora;Maillard, Stephane;Brindel, Pauline;Rachedi, Frederique;Boissin, Jean-Louis;Sebbag, Joseph;Shan, Larrys;Bost-Bezeaud, Frederique;Petitdidier, Patrick;Drozdovitch, Vladimir;Doyon, Francoise;Rubino, Carole;de Vathaire, Florent
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.2675-2680
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    • 2014
  • Background: To investigate differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors in natives of French Polynesia is of interest because of the very high incidence of this cancer in the archipelago. Materials and Methods: To assess the role of various potential risk factors of thyroid cancer in the natives of French Polynesia we performed a case-control study. The study included almost all the French Polynesians diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 1981 and 2003 (n=229) and 373 French Polynesian control individuals from the general population without cancer. Results: Thyroid radiation dose received from nuclear fallout before the age of 15, a personal history of neck or/and head medical irradiation, obesity, tallness, large number of children, an artificial menopause, a familial history of thyroid cancer, a low dietary iodine intake, and having a spring as the main source of drinking water were found to be significant risk factors. No roles of smoking habits, alcohol consumption, iodine containing drugs, and exposure to pesticides were evidenced. Conclusions: Except for smoking, differentiated thyroid carcinoma risk factors in natives of French Polynesia are similar to those in other populations. Our finding on the role of having a spring as a drinking water origin is coherent with some other studies and could be due to geological factors.

The Effect of STS Modules Reflected Ansan's Local Characteristics for Chemistry I (안산 지역 특성이 반영된 STS 모듈의 효과: 화학 I 단원을 중심으로)

  • Gil, Hye-Jeong;Kim, Hyun-Kyung;Choi, Byung-Soon
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.55 no.4
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    • pp.703-714
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of STS modules reflecting Ansan's geological characteristics in Chemistry I on high school students' science related attitudes and preference for STS lessons. The subjects were 10th grade students from K High School in Ansan and comprised 71 students in the experiment group and 78 students in the control group from 2 classes each. Pretest-posttest control group design was employed for the purpose of research. Four STS modules with lesson plans and teaching materials with themes of water, air, and energy, all of which are closely related to high school Chemistry I were developed and applied to the experiment group. The science related attitudes and preference for STS lessons were then examined in pre- and post-tests. The science related attitudes of the experiment group were significantly high in three out of five domains compared to the control group who was taught traditionally. The preference for STS lessons of the experiment group were highly positive in all five areas and were particularly high in the area of 'relation to society'. Such results imply that in order to make effective high school Chemistry I curriculum units related to STS, emphasized by both the 7th National Curriculum and the Revised 7th National Curriculum, it is necessary to use episodes reflecting local characteristics in which students show greater interest and active participation.

Geological Structure of the Metamorphic Rocks in the Muju-Seolcheon Area, Korea: Consideration on the Boundary of Ogcheon Belt and Ryeongnam Massif (무주-설천 지역 변성암류의 지질구조: 옥천벨트와 영남육괴의 경계부 고찰)

  • Kang, Ji-Hoon
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.25-38
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    • 2019
  • The Muju-Seolcheon area, which is known to be located in the boundary of Ogcheon Belt and Ryeongnam Massif (OB-RM), consists of age unknown or Precambrian metamorphic rocks (MRs) [banded biotite gneiss, metasedimentary rocks (black phyllite, mica schist, crystalline limestone, quartzite), granitic gneiss, hornblendite], Mesozoic sedimentary and igneous rocks. In this paper are researched the structural characteristics of each deformation phase from the geometric and kinematic features and the developing sequence of multi-deformed rock structures of the MRs, and is considered the boundary location of OB-RM with the previous geochemical, radiometric, structure geological data. The geological structure of this area is at least formed through four phases (Dn-1, Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2) of deformation. The Dn-1 is the deformation which took place before the formation of Sn regional foliation and formed Sn-1 foliation folded by Fn fold. The Dn is that which formed the Sn regional foliation. The predominant Sn foliation shows a NE direction which matches the zonal distribution of MRs. A-type or sheath folds, in which the Fn fold axis is parallel to the direction of stretching lineation, are often observed in the crystalline limestone. The Dn+1 deformation, which folded the Sn foliation, took place under compression of NNW~NS direction and formed Fn+1 fold of ENE~EW trend. The Sn foliation is mainly rearranged by Fn+1 folding, and the ${\pi}$-axis of Sn foliation, which is dispersed, shows the nearly same direction as the predominant Fn+1 fold axis. The Dn+2 deformation, which folded the Sn and Sn+1 foliations, took place under compression of E-W direction, and formed open folds of N-S trend. And the four phases of deformation are recognized in all domains of the OB-RM, and the structural characteristics and differences to divide these tectonic provinces can not be observed in this area. According to the previous geochemical and radiometric data, the formation or metamorphic ages of the MRs in and around this area were Middle~Late Paleproterozoic. It suggests that the crystalline limestone was at least deposited before Middle Paleproterozoic. This deposition age is different in the geologic age of Ogcheon Supergroup which was recently reported as Neoproterozoic~Late Paleozoic. Therefore, the division of OB-RM tectonic provinces in this area, which regards the metasedimentary rocks containing crystalline limestone as age unknown Ogcheon Group, is in need of reconsideration.