• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.811-818
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• 1999

A total of 16 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates collected from 14 dogs admitted to the Veterinary Medicial Teaching Hospital in Seoul National University over eleven months were examined for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and slime production, a virulence-associated phenotype, and were genetically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The frequency of resistance to antimicrobial agents tested was not high, with a susceptibility ranging from 56.3% to 100%. Three strains exhibited multiple drug resistance against amikacin (MIC, $32-64{\mu}g/ml$), ampicillin ($32{\mu}g/ml$), fosfomycin ($32-128{\mu}g/ml$) and gentamicin ($16{\mu}g/ml$). Vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampin were effective antibiotics against the isolates. All isolates were slime producers ; strains isolated from dogs which died of bacteremia were more likely to produce slime than those isolated from dogs which survived. Chromosomal DNA fingerprinting of the isolates yielded 16 different genomic types with few common bands, indicating a variety of clones of S epidermidis were prevalent in the hospital. This study revealed that PFGE is an useful method for the genotype characterization of S epidermidis strains and this organism could probably be pathogenic in some dogs with severe disorders. Further works on a larger number of epidemiologically defined strains are required to assess these results.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2004

The prevalence, genotype for antibiotic resistance and antibiotic susceptibility of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) were determined. And molecular typings of the Enterococcus faecium isolates were analyzed. Prevalence of VRE in chickens, healthy children and intensive care unit (ICU) patients was 41.6％,7.9％, and 20.4％, respectively. Forty out of 54 isolates from chicken intestines, and 9 out of 11 from ICU patients were identified as Enterococcus faecium. Eleven out of 13 isolates from non-hospitalized young children were E. gallinarium. Twelve strains of E. faecalis were isolated from chicken intestines. The gene for the antibiotic resistance in E. faecium, and E. faecalis was vanA, while that in E. gallinarium was vanC1. E. faecium isolates were resistant to most of antibiotics except ampicillin and gentamicin. Molecular typing of the E. faecium strains obtained by pulse field gel electrophoresis and repetitive sequence-based PCR suggest that VRE transmit horizontally from poultry to humans, especially young children, via the food chains in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 1982

Biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted on 40 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa originated from diseased chicken submitted for diagnosis to this Institute during 1978-80. An extensive study of the biochemical properties revealed that the tested strains can be identified with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiogram showed that all the strains were susceptible to gentamicin, colistin and amikacin but resist to nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, methicillin and kanamycin, and had varing degreed of resistance to other antimicrobials including carbenicillin, sulfomamides, neomycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Three of the most frequent resitance patterns observed were FM SXT AM ME KM CM TC SM NE SSS Pattern, FM SXT AM ME KM CM TC SM NE SSS CB Pattern and FM SXT AM EKM CM TC SM Pattern, and these resistance patterns contained 72.5% of the tested strains.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2001

A total of 79 Salmonella spp. were isolated from Pusan area in 2000. The serotypes of 79 Salmonella isolates were classified as 42 strains of S. typhi(53.1%), 24 strains of S. enteritidis(30.4%), 9 strains of S. montevideo(11.4%), 2 strains of S. typhimurium(2.5%), 1 strain of S. infantis(1.3%) and 1 strain of S. indiana(1.3%) strains(16.5%) of Salmonella sp. were isolated at May July, respectively. The isolates of S. typhi were sensitive to most sntibiotics except streptomycin. All isolates of S. typhi were especially sensitive to tobramycin, gentamicin, colistin, kanamycin, samikacin, sulfamethozazole/ trimethoprim, cefriaxone, ceftazdime, cifrofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. Isolates of S. enteritidis wer presented higher resistance than isolates of S. typhi. Twenty-four strains of S. enteritidis were sensitive to kanamycin, amikacin cifrofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime, however 13 strains(54.2%) of S. enteritidis were resistant to carbenicillin, ampicillin and ticarcillin. Nine strains of S. montevideo were sensitive to most antibiotics except carbenicillin and streptomycin. Each 1 stain of S. indiana and S. infantis was sensitive to most antibiotics used in this study except streptomycin. Three kinds of resistant pattern (CB, SM, TE, AM, TC). In the case of S. enteritidis isolates, 9 kinds resistant pattern were detected. Most frequent resistant pattern of S. enteritidis isolates was CB, AM, TC type(16.7%)

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2005

Fifty-one extended-spectrum-${\beta}$-lactamase(ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from national university hospitals. All K. pneumoniae strains showed resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotic and most of them presented resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. The results of amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern for randomly isolated fifty-one strains were as follows; both twenty-one strains from Chungnam National University hospital and ten strains from Chungbuk National University hospital showed RAPD type Ia and Ib. However, twenty strains isolated from Gyeongsang National University hospital belonged to RAPD type IIa and IIb. All isolates were divided into four molecular types and showed high level of genetic diversity. These results suggested that RAPD analysis provided a rapid and simple method for analysing genotypes of ESBL.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.21-35
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• 2018

Objectives The objective of this study is to determine the antimicrobial effect of Daehwanggyeonu-san(Dahwangqianniu-san,DGE) and synergistic effects with antibiotics oxacillin, ampicillin, and gentamicin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Methods The antibacterial activity of DGE extract was evaluated againest MRSA strains by using the Disc diffusion method, broth microdilution method(minimal inhibitory concentration; MIC), checkerboard dilution test. The checkerboard dilution test was used to examined synergetic effect of oxacillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin with DGE extract. Results DGE showed antimicrobial activity against MRSA with an MIC value of $125{\sim}250{\mu}g/mL$. In the checkerboard test, the interation of DGE with all tested antibiotics produced almost synergy or partial synergy against MRSA. Conclusions This study shows that DGE reduced the MICs of several antibiotics tested, and a remarkable antibacterial effect of DGE, with membrane permeability enhancers and ATP synthase inhibitors. This study can be a valuable source for the development of a new drug with low MRSA resistance.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1982

One hundred and twenty-one strains each of Escherichia coli isolated from stools of 60 patients who received various antimicrobial drugs in hospital for more than one week and apparently healthy 60 students who have no history of taking antimicrobial drugs during recent one month, were tested for their resistance to 13 antimicrobial drugs. The frequency of resistance strains was highest to tetracycline with 69.2%, and followed by streptomycin(Sm), sulfisomidine(Su), chloramphenicol(Cm), ampicillin(Ap), and carbenicillin(Cb) in the decreasing order, ranging from 61.2% to 39.3%. Strains resistant to kanamycin(Km), cephaloridine(Cr), and trimethoprim(Tp) occupied about one-fourth of strains, and only four strains were resistant either one or more of nalidixic acid, gentamicin and amikacin, and no strain was resistant to rifampicin. The frequency of resistant strains to Cm, Ap, Km, Cr, and Cb was much higher among patient isolates than student strains, but strains resistant to the other drugs showed almost the same frequencies between patient and student isolates. There was a marked difference in average minimum inhibitory concentrations of between resistant and susceptible strains, suggesting that the resistance to drugs is the plasmid origin. Seventy-six percent of strains were resistant to one to 10 drugs tested, and no much difference was observed between strains from patients and students. However, strains resistant to four or more drugs were much more frequently found among patient isolates than student strains, with the increasing tendency of multiply resistant strains among patient isolates following the increase in the number of resistant drugs. The transfer of drug resistance by conjugation was tested and 98 strains(67.5%) among 145 which were resistant to two or more drugs were found to transfer their drug resistance to E. coli. Among 74 strains resistant to 7 or more drugs, all except one transferred the resistance, and the number of strains with transferable resistance decreased, as the number of resistant drugs decrease. A R plasmid from randomly selected p13 strain was tested for the incompatibility group, and the plasmid was classified into Inc F II. R plasmM DNA bands were identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-87
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• 1988

The in vitro drug susceptibility of 83 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica recovered from Korean pigs with atrophic rhinitis was investigated by the use of disk diffusion method. The majority of the organisms were highly resistant in order of prevalence to penicillin(98.7%), ampicillin(91.5%), streptomycin(90.3%), triple sulfa(83.1%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole(70.7%) while none of them were resistant to gentamicin, only 3.6% to colistin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and 6.0% to tetracycline. The percentage of the organism resistant to bicozamycin, cephalothin and neomycin were 34.9%, 34.1% and 18.4%, respectively. A high prevalence of multiple drug resistance was observed and the 3 most common resistant patterns among 35 patterns noted were Am Pc Sm Sss Sxt(26.5%), Am Cf Pc Sm Sss Sxt(12.%) and Am Bm Pc Sm Sss Sxt(9.6%) patterns.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 1994

On the purpose of epidemiological survey related to foods poisoning, a total of 316 specimens collected from street vended foods in Pusan area were examined for the presence of Campylobacter Jejuni(C. jejuni) and also the isolation rates, biochemical properties and antibiotic susceptibility were investigated. Of the 316 specimens, 13 strain(4.1%) of Campylobacter jejuni were isolated. Isolation rate for each food was 37.5% in gizzard, 4.1% in Korean sausage and 3.9% in kimpop. Isolated C. jejuni were grouped as biotype I(84.6%), II(7.7%) and IV(7.7%). C. jejuni isolated from street vended foods were resistant to cephalothin(100%), penicillin(84.6%) and erythromycin(76.9%), but sensitive to gentamicin(92.3%), kanamycin(84.7%) and chloramphenicol(77.0%).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 1994

Streptomyces spp. purchased from American Type Culture Collection and Institute for Fermentation in Osaka, and donated from Northem Regional Research Laboratory, and those isolated from soil samples were assayed to isolate many plasmids harboring streptomycetes. Among these qrganisms, 5 small size-plasmid carrying organisms SNUS 8810-597A, 8810-600, 8810-754, 8811-344, and 8811-347 were characterized and their plasmids pSJ597, pSJ600, pSJ754, pSJ344, and pSJ347 were isolated in a large scale. The plasmid harboring organisms were sensitive to neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and thiostreptone, but some of them showed weak or strong resistance against streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline. It was confirmed that pSJ597 and pSJ600 do not carry antibiotic biosynthetic genes. pSJ600 showed a pock-forming character.