• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2000

During the recent epidemic period ($1995{\sim}1996$), seven strains of rubella virus were isolated in Korea. To analyze phylogenetic relationship between seven Korean strains and rubella virus strains from other different geographical areas, structural genes (E1, E2 and C) of Korean strains were enzymatically amplified and automatically sequenced. The sequence similarities of the E1, E2 and C genes of the cosmopolitan types were $95.8{\sim}98.1%$, $92.6{\sim}99.2%$ and $96.4{\sim}99.3%$ based on 1,441, 122 and 139 nucleotides and $96.9{\sim}98.5%$, $90{\sim}100%$ and $97.8{\sim}100%$ based on 480, 40 and 46 amino acids compared to the sequences of strain RA27/3, respectively. In contrast, the sequence similarities of the E1, E2 and C genes of the Asian types were $91.5{\sim}92.1%$, $83.6{\sim}88.5%$ and 91.4% based on nucleotides and $96.9{\sim}97.7%$, 85.5% and 97.8% based on amino acids compared to the sequences of strain RA27/3, respectively. However, immunodominent epitopes of the E1 gene of the cosmopolitan and Asian types were well conserved, and the growth patterns in cell culture and immunofluorescent antibody titers in cross-reaction test showed no differences between two different types. In phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of each gene regions, the cosmopolitan and Asian types formed two distinct phylogenetic lineages. These data showed two distinct genotypes of rubella viruses cocirculated in Korea, but no significant differences in the antigenicity of two different rubella virus strains were found.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.363-367
• /
• 2013

The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in birds has epidemiological significance because birds are indeed considered as a good indicator of environmental contamination by T. gondii oocysts. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii in 313 house sparrows in Lanzhou, northwestern China was assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were positive in 39 (12.46%) of 313 samples (MAT titer ${\geq}$ 1:5). Tissues of heart, brain, and lung from the 39 seropositive house sparrows were tested for T. gondii DNA, 11 of which were found to be positive for the T. gondii B1 gene by PCR amplification. These positive DNA samples were typed at 9 genetic markers, including 8 nuclear loci, i.e., SAG1, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8 and an apicoplast locus Apico. Of them, 4 isolates were genotyped with complete data for all loci, and 2 genotypes (Type II variants; ToxoDB #3 and a new genotype) were identified. These results showed that there is a potential risk for human infection with T. gondii in this region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii seroprevalence in house sparrows in China.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2002

Barley varieties collected from 1940 to 1951 allover the Korean peninsula by Dr. Takahashi Ryuhei were reintroduced from the Research Institute for Bioresouces in Okayama University, Japan, and the evaluation of morphological characteristics and RAPD analysis were performed. Totally, 493 varieties of Korean barley landraces were planted in the green house, from which seeds of 491 varieties were harvested and conserved in the seedbank of the Rural Development Administration. Majority of the naked barley varieties showed dense spikes with long awn, late heading, winter habits, and long plant height. However, variants having various phenotypes such as short awn, blue aleurone color, brachytic type and waxyness were also identified. Plant height, spike length, and cold-tolerance in the varieties were also highly variable among them. Homogeneity tests on the variation of growth habits, spike density, anthocyanin pigmentation on the seed coat, and hairiness on leaf sheath between naked and covered barley showed that the variations of naked barley were similar to those of covered barley. It maybe indicate that the most of naked barley landraces were mutated from the covered barley landraces. Korean landraces of naked barley were broadly divided into 4 groups by the dendrogram produced by morphological characteristics; however, the identities of the group were rather indistinct. Many varieties, belonged to the same group, were showed different band patterns in RAPD analysis using 5 different primer sets. These results indicate that the 112 varieties of naked barley landraces were different genotypes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.375-380
• /
• 2007

This study was conducted to develop herbicide-resistance domestic maize plants by introducing the CP4 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated immature embryo transformation. Immature embryos of five genotypes (HW1, KL103, HW3, HW4, HW7) were co-cultivated with strains Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58C1) containing the binary vector (pCAMBIA2300) carrying Ubiquitin promoter-CP4 EPSPS gene and Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV35S) promoter-nptll gene conferring resistance to paromomycin as a selective agent. The presence and expression of CP4 EPSPS transgene were confirmed by PCR, RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis, respectively. Also, the resistance to glyphosate in the transgenic maize ($T_1$) was analyzed by shikimate accumulation assay. The frequency (%) of paromomycin-resistance callus was 0.37, 0.03, 2.20, 2.37, and 0.81% in pure lines HW1, KL103, HW3, HW4 and HW7, respectively. EPSP transgene sequences were amplified in putative transgenic plants that regenerated from paromomycin-resistance calli of two inbred lines (HW3, HW4). Of them, RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses revealed that the transgene was only expressed in two transgenic events (M266, M104) of HW4 inbred line, and a mild glyphosate resistance of transgenic event (M266) was confirmed by the lower shikimate accumulation in leaf segments. These results demonstrate that transgenic maize with herbicide-resistance traits in Korean genotype can be genetically obtained.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2010

Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) is an important warm-season forage grass as well as biomass crop. It has both sexual and asexual mode of reproduction (apomictic) depending on cultivar. We developed efficient plant regeneration system for an apomictic (cv. Natsukaze) and a non-apomictic (Noh-PL1) guineagrass by optimizing the level of L-proline in the callus induction and that of $AgNO_3$ in plant regeneration medium. Among the L-proline concentrations tested, the best callus induction was achieved by using 2g/L L-proline in both the genotypes. Immature embryos proved to be the best explant source for tissue culture of guineagrass. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration was obtained on MS plant regeneration medium supplemented with 2 mg/L $AgNO_3$. These results provide a foundation for efficient tissue culture and genetic improvement of guineagrass.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.853-863
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to construct a DNA profile database of 100 strawberry cultivars using microsatellite markers. Two hundred seventy four microsatellite primer pairs were screened with a set of 21 strawberry cultivars with different morphological traits. Twenty five primer pairs were selected because they produced reliable and reproducible fingerprints. These primer pairs were used to develop DNA profiles of 100 strawberry cultivars. Three to thirteen alleles were detected by each marker with an average of 7.50. The average polymorphism information content varied from 0.331 to 841 (average 0.706). Cluster analysis showed that the 100 cultivars were divided into 7 major groups reflecting geographic origin and pedigree information. Moreover, most of the cultivars could be discriminated by marker genotypes. These markers will be useful as a tool for the protection of plant breeders' intellectual property rights in addition to providing the means to intervene seed disputes relating to variety authentication.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2015

During the storage of these two species in a large conservation tank, fertilized eggs were collected and the offspring were raised. During culturing of the offspring, individuals with mixed characteristics of these two species were observed, and 96 individuals were randomly tested using microsatellite markers applicable to both species. Among the 96 individuals, 15 individuals with mixed morphological characteristics were confirmed to be hybrids showing both of genotypes red seabream and blackhead seabream. Additionally, based on sequence analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (mtDNA CO1), 81 showed 99% nucleotide sequence identity to that of black sea bream, and the remaining 15 individuals showed over 99% sequence identity to that of red seabream. So, hybrids were produced by female red seabream and male blackhead seabream. These results suggest that hybrids may form in nature between these two species if their habitats overlap due to the influence of humans or global climate change.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.819-828
• /
• 2011

To inspect norovirus contamination of groundwater in south eastern areas of Korea, a systematic survey of groundwater in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongsangnam-do was performed for two years from 2009 to 2010. For this purpose, we first optimized the nested reverse transcription-PCR condition by designing two sets of primers for the detection of norovirus genogroups, GI and GII. Of 145 samples, 21 (25.9%) and 15 (23.4%) were norovirus positive in the dry season (April to June) and wet season (July to August), respectively. The detection frequencies of norovirus in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongsangnam-do were 15%, 7%, and 32%, respectively, reflecting a geographical difference in their distribution. The GI and GII isolates were 5 and 31, respectively, indicating the prevalence of GII in the tested areas. According to phylogenetic analysis of their nucleotide sequences, all of the GI isolates were identified to genotype GI.5 whilst the GII isolates were divided into two genotypes, GII.3 and GII.4. Neither physical-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, oxidation-reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen, nor microbial indicators of water quality such as total bacteria, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli were statistically correlated with contamination of norovirus in the groundwater. Interestingly, however, the presence of norovirus was closely correlated with low turbidity (<0.50 NTU). The present study suggests that periodical monitoring of norovirus in groundwater is necessary to prevent epidemic waterborne diseases and to secure better sanitary conditions for public health.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제29권12호
• /
• pp.1314-1320
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in exon 8 region of the calmin (CLMN) gene and to evaluate their associations with meat yield and quality traits in Hanwoo (Korean cattle). We compared gene expression pattern of CLMN between high and low marbling score groups with extremely different intramuscular fat content of the longissimus lumborum muscles in Hanwoo. The CLMN gene was highly expressed in the high marbling score group. Total of nine SNPs were identified in the exon 8 region of CLMN gene, genotyping of the SNPs was carried out using direct-sequencing analysis in Hanwoo population (n=300) to evaluate their association with meat yield and quality traits. As a result, g.23249G>C in exon 8 was significantly associated with marbling score. Animals with the CC and GC genotypes had higher marbling score than those with the GG genotype. We constructed haplotypes of CLMN gene by linkage disequilibrium analysis and analyzed association between haplotypes and meat yield and quality traits. Haplotype of CLMN gene was associated with marbling score. As a result, animals with the CC-CC haplotype (g.23249G>C and g.23465T>C SNPs) had higher marbling score than those with CT and GT haplotypes. These findings suggest that the SNPs of bovine CLMN gene may be a useful molecular marker for selection of meat quality traits in Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• 제49권4호
• /
• pp.413-419
• /
• 2017

Four imipenem-resistant bacteria were isolated from the clinical specimens of a patient with pneumonia. To identify the isolates, we used the GN card of Vitek II system and performed a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa (2 strains), P. monteilii (1 strain), and P. putida (1 strain), and were tested for antibiotic resistance after determining the MIC of imipenem to be $${\geq_-}8{\mu}g/mL$$ using the AST-N225 card of Vitek II system. The imipenem-resistant genotypes were determined using PCR products amplified using specific ${\beta}-Lactamase$ gene primers. The MBL gene was identified in all four isolates. One strain of P. aeruginosa exhibited the VIM and SHV-1 type genes, while the other strain exhibited both VIM and OXA group II genes. According to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, the bacteria were more susceptible to amikacin than other antibiotics. DNA fingerprint analysis using ERIC-PCR to analyze the epidemiological relationship between strains estimated that both the P. aeruginosa isolates were similar, but exhibited different DNA band types. It is uncommon to find four strains of imipenem-resistant bacteria with different DNA band types in a single patient.