• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.657-672
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• 2011

This study was a survey of consumer awareness and attitudes about genetically modified foods and their labeling regulations. Questionnaires were distributed to 4,620 consumers who lived in different areas of Korea, and 4,076 people responded. The consumers were asked about knowledge, labeling information, and their sources of information about GM foods. Respondents from Seoul, Jeonnam, and Gyeongnam answered mostly "nearly don't know > moderate > never know > know a little." Respondents from Gyeonggi answered "moderate > nearly don't know > never know > know a little." According to occupation, housewives, company employees, consultants, and students answered mostly "nearly don't know > moderate > never know > know a little. "Consumers answered about the intent to buy GM foods differently according to area, occupation, and education. Seoul and Gyeonggi residents said that reinforcing factors to relieve the insecurity of GM foods were "evaluating safety > management of GM foods by the government > GM food regulation system." There were other answers according to area, occupation, and education. About GM-related education methods that they wished to have, residents of the Seoul area said "books/leaflets" most often, but residents of the Gyounggi area said "attending a lecture" most often. Housewives also said "attending a lecture," but teachers and students said "Internetbased education" most often. About the kinds of education that they could join, Seoul residents answered "consumer groups > school parents > public institutions," but Gyeonggi and Chungnam area residents answered "public institutions > consumer groups > school parents." Housewives and students answered "consumer groups" most often, but consultants and private business owners answered "public institutions" most often. We realized that different education methods were necessary for different areas, occupations, and education levels.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.278-280
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• 2010

This study was aimed to develop a novel qualitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for simultaneous detection of genetically modified (GM) soy and maize within a single reaction. The specific primers designed to detect four respective GM events (A2704-12, MON88017, Bt11, and MON863) were included in the tetraplex PCR system. Each of PCR products for four GM events could be distinguished by agarose gel based on their different lengths. The specificity and reproducibility of this multiplex PCR were evaluated. This multiplex PCR consistently amplified only a fragment corresponding to a specific inserted gene in each of the four GM events and also amplified all four of the PCR products in the simulated GM mixture. These results indicate that this multiplex PCR method could be an effective qualitative detection method for screening GM soy and maize in a single reaction.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.221-224
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• 2014

Genetically modified (GM) crops are not permitted to be cultivated in Korea, but can only be imported as food or feed purposes. The import of GM crops has sharply increased in recent years, thus raising concerns with regard to the unintentional escape of these crops during transport and manufacturing as well as the subsequent contamination of local, non-GM plants. Hence, monitoring of GM crops was studied in or outside of grain receiving ports as well as from feed-processing plants in Korea during July 2008. We observed spilled maize grains and established plants primarily in storage facilities that are exposed around the harbors and near transportation routes of the feed-processing areas. Based on the PCR analyses, a total of 17 GM maize plants and 11 seeds were found among the samples. In most cases, the established maize plants found in this study were at the vegetative stage and thus failed to reach the reproductive stage. This study concludes that, in order to prevent a genetic admixture in the local environment for GM crops or seeds, frequent monitoring work and proper action should be taken.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2010

본 연구는 국내에서 개발된 베타-카로틴 강화 유전자변형 벼(GM 벼)와 그 모종 벼인 낙동벼(non-GM 벼)로부터 쌀(현미, 백미)의 일반성분, 베타-카로틴, 지방산, 아미노산, 무기질 함량을 분석하여 유전자변형 쌀에서 주요 영양성분 조성에 차이가 있는지를 비교하기 위해 수행되었다. GM 쌀은 non-GM 모종 쌀과 일반성분 함량이 유사하였고 GM 쌀 100 g당 약 0.2 mg의 베타-카로틴을 함유하는 것으로 분석되었다. GM 쌀의 지방산 조성은 oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid가 지방산 전체의 94% 이상으로 거의 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며 non-GM 쌀과 전체적인 지방산 조성이 유사한 것으로 나타났다. GM 쌀의 아미노산은 Asp>Arg>Leu>Ala>Ser>Val 순으로 그 함량이 높았고 무기질 함량은 P>K>Mg>Na>Ca>Zn>Fe의 순이었으며, non-GM 쌀에 비해 대부분의 아미노산과 무기질 함량이 약간 높은 수치로 측정되었지만 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 베타-카로틴 강화 유전자변형 쌀은 의도한 바의 베타-카로틴이 쌀의 종실에 생합성 됨과 함께 쌀의 일반성분, 지방산, 아미노산 및 무기질 함량에는 별 다른 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.331-338
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• 2017

본 연구에서 국내에서 개발된 제초제저항성 GM 벼인 밀양 204호와 익산 483호가 비표적 곤충과 거미에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. GM 벼와 non-GM 벼에 대한 보리수염진딧물과 벼멸구의 기주선호도에는 차이가 없었으며, GM 벼를 섭식한 벼멸구를 포식한 황산적거미의 체중 변화에도 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 밀양 204호와 그 대조 모본 non-GM 벼에서 서식한 벼멸구를 포식한 황산적거미의 생존율에는 차이가 없었으나, 벼멸구를 통해 익산 483호에 노출된 황산적거미의 생존율은 대조 모본 non-GM 벼에 비해 통계적으로 낮은 생존율을 나타내었다. 또한 익산 483호의 화분을 섭식한 꿀벌 유충은 밀양 204호와 다른 non-GM 벼 화분을 제공하였을 때 보다 현저하게 긴 용기간을 보였다. 농업생태계에서 중요한 포식 천적인 황산적거미와 양봉 산업으로서 중요한 기능을 하는 꿀벌에 GM 벼가 부정적인 영향을 보임에 따라 국내에서 개발된 제초제저항성 GM 벼의 농업 환경 노출 이전에 충분한 추가 연구와 안전성 평가가 선행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.764-772
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• 2003

Two genetic constructs used to confer improved agronomic characteristics, namely herbicide tolerance (HT) in maize and soyabean and insect resistance (Bt) in maize, are considered in respect of feeding to farm livestock, animal performance and the nutritional value and safety of animal products. A review of nucleic acid (DNA) and protein digestion in farm livestock concludes that the frequency of intact transgenic DNA and proteins of GM and non-GM crops being absorbed is minimal/non existent, although there is some evidence of the presence of short fragments of rubisco DNA of non-GM soya in animal tissues. It has been established that feed processing (especially heat) prior to feeding causes significant disruption of plant DNA. Studies with ruminant and non-ruminant farm livestock offered GM feeds demonstrated that animal performance and product composition are unaffected and that there is no evidence of transgenic DNA or proteins of current GM in the products of animals consuming such feeds. On this evidence, current HT and Bt constructs represent no threat to the health of animals, or humans consuming the products of such animals. However as new GM constructs become available it will be necessary to subject these to rigorous evaluation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2009

Over the last five years, we have conducted research on risk assessment of domestically developed genetically modified (GM) crops and found a number of factors which could delay risk assessment process. In this review, we described such cases and discussed the problem of transgene cassette integration, the lack of information on vectors, the poor quality control in seed production and absence of bioinformatic analysis on amino acid sequence homology before GM crop development. To solve these problems, we have suggested the introduction of the screening system of elite event before risk assessment process and quality control strategies for GM seed production. In addition, we suggested that the developers of GM crops should understand the importance of risk assessment and management for the commercialization of those crops and consider the biological and ecological characteristics of host plants. Consistent communications may need to be established between GM crop developers, risk assessors and risk managers at the initial stages of GM crop development to reduce trial-and-errors.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.837-849
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• 2019

Extended elementary cellular automata (EECA) is used to analyze the pattern of genetically modified (GM) gene dispersion to wild genes. Pollination of GM maize mainly occurs by wind. Wind direction was set to two directions left to right and up to down on the cells. Sixteen cases were analyzed to show six kinds of classes of pattern for sixteen iterations. Wind directions were fixed for the simulations to see the effect of the GM maize dispersion by the wind.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2014

Genetically-modified mesenchymal stem cells (GM-MSCs) have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for orthopedic degenerative diseases. GM-MSCs have been widely reported that they are able to increase bone and cartilage tissue regeneration not only by secreting transgene products such as growth factors in a long-term manner, also by inducing MSCs into tissue-specific cells. For example, MSCs modified with BMP-2 gene increased secretion of BMP-2 protein resulting in enhancement of bone regeneration, while MSCs with TGF-b gene did cartilage regeneration. In this review, we introduce several growth factors for gene delivery to MSCs and strategies for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration using GM-MSCs. Furthermore, we describe strategies for strengthening GM-MSCs to more intensively induce tissue regeneration by co-delivery system of multiple genes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1401-1407
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• 2003

유전자재조합식품에 대해 듣거나 알고있는 인지도는 83.7%로 한국소비자보호원이 1999년 3월중 서울시내 20세 이상 성인남녀 526명을 대상으로 선행 조사한 결과(73.4%)에 비해 더 높게 나타났으며 2001년 국제식품정보위원회가 조사한 미국 74%, 호주 83%의 국외 인지도 조사결과와 비교해서도 비슷하거나 더 높은 수치를 보였다. GM 농산물의 개발이익에 대해서는 59.1%의 소비자가 식량증산 및 기아해결에 도움을 줄 것이라고 생각하면서도, GM 식품의 안전성에 대해서는 71.6%의 소비자가 강한 의구심을 나타내고 있었으며, 특히 식품독성(52.2%), 환경에 대한 위해 가능성(40.7%)에 대한 우려가 그 대부분을 차지하였다. 이러 한 이유로 GMO로 표시되어 판매되는 식품에 대해 33.2%의 소비자가 구매거부 의사를 나타낸 반면, 7.4%의 소비자만이 구매의사를 보였다. 하지만 정보부재 등을 이유로 주변의 추이에 따라 판단을 유보하겠다는 소비자도 약 28.0%에 달하는 것으로 나타났다. GM 식품에 대한 정보원으로서는 시민단체 (44.9%), 언론매체 (19.,3%)의 순서로 높은 신뢰를 보였으나 담당 정부기관인 농림부나 식품의약품안전청의 정보는 상당히 신뢰하지 않는 것(9.6 %)으로 답변함으로써 관련부처의 노력과 분발이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 유전자재조합식품 표시의 필요성에 대한 질문에서는 99.6%의 응답자가 표시를 찬성하는 것으로 나타났으나 2001년부터 실시되고 있는 ‘유전자재조합식품 표시제도’ 인지도에 있어서는 61.7%의 응답자가 잘 모른다고 상반되게 답변함으로써 관련부처 의 홍보가 부족하였다는 사실을 간접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 표시 제도의 개선방향에 대해서는 표시문구를 보다 알아보기 쉽게 표시(45.2%), 허위표시 여부에 대한 감시와 정보제공의 강화(24.6%), 제도시행에 대한 홍보강화(16.5%)의 순서로 답변하였으며, 대다수의 답변자(93.1%)가 향후 표시품목의 확대를 원하는 것으로 나타나 현행 표시 제도의 재검토와 개선방향에 대한 논의가 시급하다고 판단되어졌다.