• Animal cells and systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2010

The population structure of brown sole was examined in a total of 308 samples collected from three geographical groups: one locality (Gangneung) on the east side of the Korean Peninsula, two localities (Erimo and Tomakomai) on the southeastern side and four localities (Onishika, Teshio, Tomamae and Yoichi) on the northwestern side of Hokkaido Island, Japan, by using sequences of 484 bp from the 5' end of the control region of mtDNA. We detected 225 haplotypes, but 183 of them were unique to an individual. A total of 116 nucleotide sites were variable. Haplotype diversity (h) was very high, ranging from 0.989 to 1.000, and nucleotide diversity (${\pi}$) was detected between 0.015 and 0.022. Genetic distances (${\Phi}_{ST}$) within populations, among populations and among geographical groups were low (0.0002 to 0.0014). No significant difference was detected by the AMOVA test (P < 0.05). Pairwise $F_{ST}$ values between sampling localities were also low and not significant. Genetic differentiation was not detected among sampling localities.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.260-271
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• 2021

This paper addresses Very large-scale integration (VLSI) placement optimization, which is important because of the rapid development of VLSI design technologies. The goal of this study is to develop a hybrid algorithm for VLSI placement. The proposed algorithm includes a sequential combination of a genetic algorithm and an evolutionary algorithm. It is commonly known that local search algorithms, such as random forest, hill climbing, and variable neighborhoods, can be effectively applied to NP-hard problem-solving. They provide improved solutions, which are obtained after a global search. The scientific novelty of this research is based on the development of systems, principles, and methods for creating a hybrid (combined) placement algorithm. The principal difference in the proposed algorithm is that it obtains a set of alternative solutions in parallel and then selects the best one. Nonstandard genetic operators, based on problem knowledge, are used in the proposed algorithm. An investigational study shows an objective-function improvement of 13%. The time complexity of the hybrid placement algorithm is O(N2).

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2021

Deadlock is a situation in which two or more processes competing for resources are waiting for the others to finish, and neither ever does. There are two different forms of systems, multi-unit and single-unit resource systems. The difference is the number of instances (or units) of each type of resource. Deadlock problem can be modeled as a constrained combinatorial problem that seeks to find a possible scheduling for the processes through which the system can avoid entering a deadlock state. To solve deadlock problem, several algorithms and techniques have been introduced, but the use of metaheuristics is one of the powerful methods to solve it. Genetic algorithms have been effective in solving many optimization issues, including deadlock Problem. In this paper, an improved parallel framework of the genetic algorithm is introduced and adapted effectively and efficiently to deadlock problem. The proposed modified method is implemented in java and tested on a specific dataset. The experiment shows that proposed approach can produce optimal solutions in terms of burst time and the number of feasible solutions in each advanced generation. Further, the proposed approach enables all types of crossovers to work with high performance.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.265-267
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• 2019

이 논문에서는 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 기존 이미지와 유사한 흑백 이미지를 자동으로 생성하는 기법을 제안한다. 유전자 알고리즘을 현실 문제에 적용하기 위해 가장 중요한 설계 요소인 유전자 모델링을 어떻게 할 것인지에 대하여 2가지 기법을 제안하였다. 제안한 각 기법을 이용하여 2가지 크기의 흑백 영상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 이미지 생성을 위한 유전자 모델링에 있어서 각 기법의 진화 성능에 큰 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 향후 기존 이미지와 유사한 이미지를 생성하거나, 서로 다른 이미지를 합성한 이미지를 생성하기 위해 빠르고 자연스럽게 학습시키기 위해서는 유전자 모델링을 신중하게 결정해야 함을 파악할 수 있다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2022

The seven oligonucleotides primers were consumed to produce the quantity of unique loci shared to each pen shell team (ULSEPT) and quantity of loci shared by the binary pen shell teams. 154 quantities of LSBPP, with a mediocre of 22.0 per primer, were noticed in the binary pen shell (Atrina pectinata) teams. 328 fragments were recognized in the pen shell team A (PSTA), and 257 in the pen shell team B (PSTB): 77 quantities of ULSEPT (23.48%) in the PSTA and 121 (47.08%) in the PSTB. The band-sharing amount (BS amount) between entity's no. 01 and no. 05 was the highest (0.884) between the binary PSTs. The median band-sharing amount of entities in the PSTA (0.685±0.011) was higher than in those invented from the PSTB (0.640±0.009) (p<0.05). The highest genetic distance presenting substantial molecular difference was between entities PECTINATA no. 06 and PECTINATA no. 04 (0.498). Through this study, it is possible a certain degree to contribute to increasing the cultivation of pen shells, conservation of species, protection of the natural environment, and preservation of ecosystems.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2020

Genomic DNA (gDNA) extracted from two populations of natural and cultured river pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The complexity of the fragments derived from the two locations varied dramatically. The genetic distances (GDs) between individuals numbered 15 and 12 in the cultured population was 0.053, which was the lowest acknowledged. The oligonucleotide primer OPC-11 identified 88 unique loci shared within each population reflecting the natural population. The OPC-05 primer identified 44 loci shared by the two populations. The average band-sharing (BS) values of individuals in the natural population (0.683±0.014) were lower than in those derived from the cultured population (0.759±0.009) (p<0.05). The shortest GD demonstrating a significant molecular difference was found between the cultured individuals # 15 and # 12 (GD=0.053). Individual # 02 of the natural population was most distantly related to cultured individual # 22 (GD=0.827). A cluster tree was built using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) Euclidean GD analysis based on a total of 578 various fragments derived from five primers in the two populations. Obvious markers identified in this study represent the genetic structure, species security, and proliferation of river pufferfish in the rivers of the Korean peninsula.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.275-275
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• 2022

One of the most widely grown food crops in the world, wheat, is increasing more lodged since for increased rains and winds caused by abnormal climate. During the Green Revolution, shorter wheat cultivars were bred using many Rht genes to increase lodging resistance. However, since only some Rht genes were used for breeding shorter wheat, it may have had a limited impact on wheat breeding and reduced genetic diversity. Therefore, it is essential to search for genes that have breeding potential and affect dwarfism in order to increase the genetic diversity of dwarf characteristics in wheat. In this study, we performed the RNA-seq between 'Keumkang' and 'Komac 5' ('Keumkang' mutant) to analyze the difference in plant height. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and Gene function annotation were performed using 265,365,558 mapped reads. Cluster set analysis was performed to compress and select candidate gene DEGs affecting plant height, stem and internode. Gene expression analysis was performed in order to identify the functions of the selected genes by condensing the results of the DEG analysis into a cluster set analysis. This analysis of these plant height-related genes could help reduce plant height, improve lodging resistance, and increase wheat yield. Its application to wheat breeding will also affect the increased genetic diversity of wheat dwarfism.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2024

In this review, we compared the success rates of DNA amplification and introduced the efficient non-invasive sampling of fecal samples collected from captive and wild Korean long-tailed gorals (Naemorhedus caudatus) by referring to previous non-invasive studies, including three important references (Kim et al., 2008; Kim, 2021; Kim, 2022). A large difference in PCR success rates in the captive and wild populations was observed for mitochondrial (100 and 70.0%), sex-linked (44.4 and 20.8%), and microsatellite markers (73.9 and 34.8%, respectively). Out of the three types of genetic markers, the mitochondrial maker showed the highest success rate, followed by microsatellite and sex-linked markers. In addition, we estimated two factors that affected the PCR success, including the length of the amplified fragments (long, medium, and short) and the type of primer (universal and specific) in fecal samples from a captive population. The length of the PCR fragment was inversely proportional to the PCR success (5.3, 44.4, and 55.6% for long, medium, and short fragments, respectively), and the specific primer set (100%) was more efficient than the universal primer set (60.0%). This review is fundamental but would be greatly helpful for new non-invasive conservation genetic studies, particularly those that use fecal samples from captive and wild populations of rare endangered species. We recommend beginning conservation genetic experiments using mitochondrial markers and then nuclear markers, such as microsatellite and sex-linked markers, to save time, costs, and labor.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권2호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

ISSR 표지를 이용하여 전나무 6개 집단의 유전다양성과 유전구조를 분석하였다. 6개 ISSR primer로 유전다양성을 추정한 결과, 집단별 다형성 유전자좌의 비율은 평균 85.6%, 이형접합도 기대치($H_e$)는 0.288로 나타났다. AMOVA 결과, 전체 유전변이에서 5.6%는 집단간, 94.4%는 집단내 개체간 차이에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 베이즈 추론에 근거한 유전분화는 ${\theta}^{II}$와 $G_{ST}$가 각각 0.045, 0.038로, 근연교배 정도는 0.509로 추정되었다. Mental 검증에서 집단간 지리적 거리가 멀수록 유전적으로 상이한 것으로 판명되었다(r = 0.74, P < 0.05). UPGMA 방법과 PCA 결과에 따라서 남원, 청도, 문경 집단을 한 군집으로, 인제, 홍천, 평창 집단을 다른 군집으로 나눌 수 있었다. 베이즈 군집분석에서는 유전변이 분포에 따라서 남원, 문경 집단이 한 군집으로 인제, 홍천, 평창, 청도 집단이 다른 한 군집으로 묶여서 2개의 상위 군집으로 나뉘었다. 빈도주의 분석에 따른 '군집'을 반영한 AMOVA 결과에서 전체 유전변이의 3.9%를 군집의 영향으로 설명할 수 있었으며, 전나무 집단의 지리적 분포는 베이즈 분석보다는 UPGMA 방법에 의한 구분과 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-32
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• 2006

참게(Eriocheir sinensis)와 꽃게(Portunus trituberculatus)의 2종으로부터 genomic DNA를 분리 추출하였다. 선택된 7개의 OPA-05, OPA-13, OPA-16, OPB-06, OPB-15, OPB-17 and OPD-10의 RAPD primer를 이용하여 identical, polymorphic 그리고 specific fragment를 얻어냈다. 본 연구에서 부안산 참게 집단에서는 505개의 fragment가 나타났고, 꽃게 집단에서는 513개의 fragment가 확인되었다. 참게 집단에서는 165개의 identical fragment가 나타났으며, 이는 primer당 평균적으로 23.6개의 fragment로 확인되었다. 또한 꽃게 집단에서는 66개로서 평균해서 primer당 9.4개의 identical fragment가 나타났다. 참게 집단과 꽃게 집단의 polymorphic fragment는 각각 50개와 14개로 나타났고, 참게 집단과 꽃게 집단의 경우 OPB-17에서 identical fragment가 300 bp의 크기에서 확인되었다. 각각을 비교해 보았을 때 유전적 차이는 참게 집단에서보다 꽃게 집단에서 더 높은 수치를 나타내었고, 2종 사이에서 $0.726{\pm}0.004$의 수치를 나타내었다. 7개의 primer를 사용하여 얻어진 dendrogram은 cluster 1(FRESHWATER 01), cluster 2(FRESHWATER 02, 03, 04, 05 및 06), cluster 3(FRESHWATER 07, 08, 09, 10 및 11) 및 cluster 4(SWIMMING 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22)와 같이 4개의 유전적 클러스터로 나뉘어졌다. 꽃게 집단에서 18번째 개체(SWIMMING no. 18)와 17번째 개체 (SWIMMING no. 17) 사이가 가장 가까운 유전적 관계(genetic distance 0.096)를 나타내었다. 궁극적으로 볼 때 참게 집단의 2번째(FRESHWATER no. 02)와 참게 집단의 3번째(FRESHWATER no. 03) 개체 사이가 가장 먼 유전적 거리 (genetic distance=0.770)를 나타내었다. 위에서 언급했던 것처럼 RAPD-PCR 방법은 참게 및 꽃게 2종의 종 판별을 하기 위한 진단적 표지 (diagnostic marker)로 이용할 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.