• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.295-301
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gender role identity on major choice, and preference and choice of job for applicants of dental hygiene department. Methods: The subjects were 202 high school girl students visiting K university in October, 2014 and in January, 2015 for the interview of early and regular admission to the university. The questionnaire consisted of 3 questions of general characteristics of the subjects, 40 questions of gender role identity, and 6 questions of career choice factors. Gender role identity included 15 questions of masculinity, 15 questions of feminity, and 10 questions of neutral gender using instrument of Kim by Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha of masculinity, feminity, and neutral gender was 0.810, 0.762, and 0.801 respectively. The data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test with SPSS Win 12.0. Results: The effects of gender role identity on major choice and professionalism were as follows. In major choice motivation, psychological type, feminity type and masculinity types selected aptitude, professional sustainability and recommendation by acquaintance in order, but undifferentiated type selected aptitude, recommendation by acquaintance and professional sustainability in order. There was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05). In major choice information, psychological, feminity and undifferentiated types prefer indirect experience but masculinity type prefers direct experience. There was a statistically significant difference(p<0.05) In job selection, psychological, feminity and undifferentiated types want to do assistant works rather than oral health prevention and education. Masculinity type want to do oral health prevention and education rather than assistant work. There was a statistically significant difference(p<0.001). Conclusions: The gender role identity affected the factors related to choice of major and job in dental hygiene major applicants. It is necessary to provide the career choice program for the high school students by personality types and gender role identity types.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.107-126
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of married middle-aged men and women's gender-role identity, marital conflicts and psychological adjustment. Psychological adjustment was composed of mid life crisis, depression, and perceived happiness. The data of the study were collected from 397 married, middle aged men and women from 40 years to 59 years-old by using self-administered questionnaire method. The results showed that gender role identity was different according to sex. In addition, women's perceived level of marital conflict was found to be significantly different according to their gender role identity, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of marital conflict. However, men's gender role conflict was not related to their marital conflict. Furthermore, men's psychological adjustment level was not different according to their gender role identity, while women's psychological adjustment differed, indicating that androgynous women reported the lowest level of psychological adjustment and the undifferentiated women the highest level of psychological adjustment. Finally, the result indicated that for both men and men, marital conflict were positively correlated with mid-crisis and depression, and negatively related with happiness.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-190
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between gender, gender role identity, parents' affectionate behaviors and care in Chinese middle school students. Also, this study examines the differences in care among Chinese middle school students with respect to parent's socio-demographic variables. The subjects were 478 3rd grade middle school students in Tianjin, China. The major findings were as follows. There were significant differences in care of Chinese middle school students with respect to mother's job and age. In other words, a higher level of care of Chinese middle school students was shown in students who had an unemployed mother, labour mother or mothers of 46 years and over. As result of examining the main effects of gender, gender role identity and parent's affectionate behaviors caring for Chinese middle school students, there were significant with respect to gender role identity and parents' affectionate behaviors. Masculinity, femininity and androgyny identity demonstrated a higher care than undifferentiated identity. Also, a higher level of care was associated with higher parents' affectionate behaviors. There were interaction effects caused by gender and gender role identity in care for Chinese middle school students. Also, there were interaction effects caused by gender and parent's affectionate behaviors on the nature of care for Chinese middle school students.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender role identity and health behavior and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and health behavior among university student. Method: Participants were 245 university students who lived in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII (Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory), and Healthy Life Style: A self-test provided by ODDHP National Health Information Center. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. Result: 1. As a result of health behavior level, male students had more health risk behavior problems than female students in smoking(p=.00) and drinking (p=.03). Female students had more health risk behavior problems than male students in exercise and physical activity(p=.00). 2. For female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common, subjects of undifferentiated type was 26.4%. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent, and androgenic type was 31.4%. 3. Androginy typed group had more healthy behavior compared with other gender role identity typed group. In contrast, undifferentiated typed group had more high risk behavior compared with other typed group for all of health behavior. Conclusion: These results suggest that gender role identity is a stronger predictor of heath related variable than is sex of subject. Therefore effect methods to develop health promotion program should consider not only sex difference but gender role identity.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.117-133
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• 2009

This study researched differences in friendship among children of the same and/or opposite sex and their gender-role identities. Friendship and gender-role identities among 423 children in the 5th and 6th grades were examined. Data was analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA. Findings were : (1) there were some differences between boys and girls in rank order of the distribution of gender-role identity types : androgynous type was most common in girls; undifferentiated was most common among boys. (2) Results of friendship based on sex and gender-role identity showed that boys and girls with androgynous gender-roles were friendly with both boys and girls. Among boys, masculine types were particularly friendly with boys; among girls, masculine types were particularly friendly with girls.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.150-157
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• 2007

The image calls forth the curiosity of the children. children experience the many thing through the image and it makes children to study naturally. Specially, the animation socializes children and it plays an important role in form of a self-identity. The gender-identity reappearance of the animation character is important. Gender-identity reappearance type of the animation character is able to classify with the reappearance type of visual information and the narrative. The narrative reappearance type does more clearly visual information reappearance type. Also classifying the gender-identity of animation character aspects into each type, they are; gender stereotype that character reflects the conservative and commercial ideology; gender non-stereotype that character doesn't reflect gender stereotype. But reappearance of the gender non-stereotype character as well, it is stopping in the exaggeration or the caricature of gender role of the character. Consequently the animation characters must be reappeared with the character which have the future oriented gender identity-as one human being that forms a value subjectively. The animation which reappears the future oriented gender-identity plants a proper self-perception and gender role in children and relaxes the traditional gender-identity which is already acquired.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.423-433
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the facets of gender role identity as reported by several disciplines undergraduate female college students, and to confirm the characteristics and differences according to the types. Methods: A Q sort methodology was utilized to gather responses to gender role identity. Forty subjects' responses were analyzed by QUANL PC program. Results: The subject responses were classified into four gender role patterns: 1) paternity-sensitive type, 2) conviction-sensitive type, 3) sensibility-inhibitive type and 4) sensibility-expressive type. Conclusion: The findings add to the understanding of women college students and their perception of their gender role identify. Further studies need to be done to understand how the four patterns relate to success or satisfaction for female college students.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.933-939
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of job performance satisfaction and self-efficacy according to gender role identity in the dental hygienist. Methods: Data collection was performed from June 21 to July 31, 2015. The survey was composed of questions on the subject's general demographical profile, gender role identity, job satisfaction, job performace satisfaction, and self-efficacy as a dental hygienist. The job performance satisfaction and self-efficacy were done by Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: 1. The highest job performance satisfaction was shown as unclassified (36.6%), bisexuality (27.8%0, feminity (19.8%), and masculinity (15.9%). 2. There was a significant difference between the satisfaction as a dental hygienist and self-efficacy among the group (p<0.001). 3. Both female and male dental hygienists had the highest satisfaction and self-efficacy with the job performance. Conclusions: The satisfaction and self-efficacy with the job performance were influenced by gender role identity. Therefore, in order to enhance the satisfaction and self-efficacy as a dental hygienist, the education for the dental hygienist must include the gender role identity in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.155-170
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• 2003

By analysing women's identity rooted in Korean families and welfare policies related to families, this research aims to explore more gender-equal family welfare policies for the future. This research examines the change of families along with social changes, women's identity in families, the present family welfare policies, and women's identity in the family welfare policies. Social changes and the demand of market make influence on function and form of families. However, the broad social format of patriarchy persists and women's gender identity and gender role in families make little differences as ever. These women's gender role and gender identity are found in welfare policies related to families as they are. The women is regulated as dependent on male partner with the primary responsibilities on child rearing and elderly care. In addition, only focusing on families in need, Korean family policies are not generally established. Therefore, now, it is strongly suggested that Korean family policies concerning more diverse families should be launched with the gender-sensitive perspective.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the differences in the degree of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and stress according to the gender role identity of female university students. Methods: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 308 female university students. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test. Results: The most prevalent type of premenstrual syndrome was androgenic(33.8%), followed by undifferentiated(25.0%). There was a significant difference in dysmenorrhea according to residence. In addition, there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome according to age, and in stress according to age and economic status. Also, there was no significant difference according to dysmenorrhea and there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea according to gender role identity. Premenstrual syndrome and stress were the most prevalence in female type, but the lowest severe in masculine type. Conclusion: The study variables can be influencing factors in the gender role identity of female university students. Also, the findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing interventions to establish the gender role identity of female university students.