• Title/Summary/Keyword: gender relations

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An Analysis of the Relations among Cellular Phone Dependency, Its Use Levels of Usage Purposes, and Individual and Interpersonal Relations Development in Children by Gender (아동의 성별 휴대전화 의존도와 사용 목적별 사용 수준, 개인적 및 대인관계 발달간의 관계 분석)

  • Chun, Hui Young
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.83-96
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study was to identify the differences in cellular phone dependency and its use levels of usage purposes according to children's gender, and also to analyze the differences in individual and interpersonal relations development due to cellular phone dependency in children based on gender. Using the first year data of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey(KCYPS) 2010, this study analyzed 1,604 fourth graders who have their own cellular phones. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were calculated and mean difference analyses were conducted. The results showed that there was no difference between boys and girls in cellular phone dependency. The girls' total phone use level was higher than that of boys and meaningful gender differences in the phone use levels were found in the five phone usage purposes. In both boys and girls, the higher phone dependency groups demonstrated higher levels of phone use in more than eight usage purposes, lower self-resilience and self-regulating learning ability, and less positive peer and teacher relations. These findings show the importance of being concerned about and educating children in the fourth grade about the proper uses of cellular phones.

Reconstruction of 'the Structure of Biographical Processes' on the Lives of the Elderly Couples in the Rural Area (농촌노인부부의 삶에 나타난 '생애사적 진행과정구조'의 재구성)

  • Yang, Yeung-Ja
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.60 no.1
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    • pp.127-157
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of the current research is to reconstruct the 'structure of biographical processes' on the lives of the elderly couples residing in the rural area in terms of 'gender relations.' Autobiographical-narrative interviews with each of the six elderly couples were conducted. Interview data were analyzed through the eclectic application of $Sch\ddot{u}tze's$ autobiographical-narrative interview and Dausien's feministic biographical research methods. Research findings revealed that each biography of the elderly couples represents the 'structure of biographical process' that shapes 'trajectories.' Such 'trajectories' were found to characterize two dimensions of 'gender relations'. First, on the micro- and macro-levels of 'trajectories,' 'gender relations' were noticed. The 'trajectories' of the male elderly were found to be both in personal and familial contexts and in socio-structural context, while those of the female elderly were found to be mostly in personal and familial contexts. Second, on the micro-level of 'trajectories,' 'gender relations' were noticed. The male elderly were more or less different from one another, contingent on the phases of life. They turned out to take simple roles of performing 'outdoor duties' and to be passive in doing 'housework.' Contrary to the male elderly, the female counterparts proved to actively assume 'dual roles' in 'family affairs' and 'outdoor duties'. Such findings led to the observation of 'doing gender' in the biographies of the elderly and, furthermore, to capturing the fact that 'doing gender' is different, depending on the phases of life and sex. Finally, some implications for practice were drawn from the current findings with special reference to biography and gender relations.

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Socialization and Envirommental Factors of Adolescents According to the Gender (청소년의 성별로 본 사회화와 생활환경)

  • 정영숙;김영희;박경옥;이희숙;채정현;이종섭
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.37 no.9
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    • pp.103-127
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    • 1999
  • The effects of environmental factors on adolescent’s socialization were examined according to the gender. Data were drawn from 1,412 adolescents. A hypothesized model was tested for male and female students separately by the links among housing, family conflicts, parent-adolescent relationship, family stress, peer relations, mass media, school atmosphere, consumption, consumer socialization, and adolescent’s socialization. There was no difference between male and female students in the predictability of the effects of environmental factors on internal and external socialization. For male students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, consumer socialization, peer relations, family stress, mother-adolescent relations, and school atmosphere. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, school atmosphere, consumer socialization, father-adolescent relations, housing, and mother-adolescent relations. For female students, the internal socialization was directly related to mass media, peer relations, father-adolescent relations, and consumer socialization. The external socialization was directly related to mass media, followed by consumer socialization, mother-adolescent relations, school atmosphere, housing, and peer relations. The findings are consistent with a growing body of literature showing that the environmental factors are related to male & female adolescent’s socialization.

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The Effects of University Students' Self-Differentiation and Rejection Sensitivity on Interpersonal Anxiety : Moderated Mediating by Gender (대학생의 자아분화 및 거부민감성이 대인불안에 미치는 영향 : 성별에 따른 조절된 매개효과)

  • Kim, Na Ru Mi;Park, Bu Jin;Kim, Se Young
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.111-125
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to model the relations between male and female university students' self-differentiation, rejection sensitivity, and interpersonal anxiety. Questionnaires from 502 university students in Seoul were analysed. The findings are as follows. Firstly, self-differentiation, rejection sensitivity, and interpersonal anxiety were significantly different according to gender. Secondly, the level of differentiation from family regression was higher for both male and female students. And the lower the rejection sensitivity experiencing in vertical relations became, and the lower the rejection sensitivity on horizontal relations was, the lower the interpersonal anxiety became. Thirdly, it was confirmed that for male students, differentiation from family regression affected rejection sensitivity on horizontal relations, and for females, differentiation from emotional reactivity affected ejection sensitivity on both horizontal and vertical relations. Finally, rejection sensitivity played a full mediation parameter when self-differentiation affected interpersonal anxiety, and it was demonstrated differences by gender. This study was meaningful in that it confirmed the relations between male and female university students' self-differentiation, rejection sensitivity, and interpersonal anxiety.

Mapping the Relationship among Gender, Body and Technology: An Exploration for 'Becoming Women' (여성, 몸, 테크놀로지의 관계 짓기: '여성되기' 관점을 위한 시론)

  • Lee, Dong-Hoo;Kim, Su-Jeong;Lee, Hee-Eun
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.62
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    • pp.30-50
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    • 2013
  • Exploring the relationship between body and technology in gender studies, this paper argues that 'being women' as an analytical concept is not fixed but progressing, that is, 'becoming women.' In the age of neo-liberalism, gender and identity politics raised critical questions regarding the relations between women and technology. Understanding these dynamic relations asks us to reconsider the concept of 'body.' Thus, this study begins with a review of the discourses of body in feminism and gender studies. Then, it continues to the meaning of technology in body and gender relations, arguing that body is the discursive and material site where gender identity and being are simultaneously constructed. An introduction of cyberfeminism, which focuses on the triangular relations among body, gender, and technology follows, discussing the significance of technology in 'becoming women.' Finally, it is argued that finding the meanings of technology in becoming women requires reconsidering the discursive and performative construction of body. 'Becoming women' can be achieved through exploration of the articulations and processes of body, gender and technology, which allows us to figure out the (re)construction of gender identity.

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Associations of Interpersonal Relations with Irrational Beliefs and Social Supports among Nursing Students (간호대학생의 대인관계, 비합리적 신념 및 사회적 지지 간의 관계)

  • Lee, Eun Joo;Lee, Soo Jung
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.313-320
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the associations of interpersonal relations with irrational beliefs and social supports among nursing students. Methods: Subjects were 149 nursing students attending a university in C city. The data were collected in June, 2018 using questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with the SPSS 23.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences by the level of interpersonal relations according to gender (t=3.65, p<.001) and major satisfaction (t=5.04, p=.008). Also, interpersonal relations showed a significant negative correlation with irrational beliefs (r=-.24, p=.003) and a significant positive correlation with social support (r=.44, p<.001). The influencing factor of interpersonal relations were social supports, gender, irrational beliefs and major satisfaction. These factors explained 38.2% of interpersonal relations. Conclusion: Our study finidngs support developing educational and professional training with intepersonal relationships to improve social support as a prospective health care provider.

WID, GAD or Somewhere Else? A critical analysis of gender in Korea's international education and development

  • Lee, Ji Min;Yoo, Sung-Sang;Hong, Moon Suk
    • Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.94-123
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    • 2019
  • Over the past few decades, gender equality has been considered one of the fundamental principles and a significant crosscutting issue in international development. However, beyond applying 'gender equality' as a policy buzzword, there has been a lack of critical reviews on how generally 'gender equality in education' is understood and constructed in Korea's development programs and projects. In this regard, this paper explores the use of vocabularies and semantic meanings of gender equality in the Korean Government's Academic Cooperation Program and its 52 projects. By applying mixed contents analysis as a method, the research resulted in several findings: first, the policy papers recently highlighted Korea's directions on gender mainstreaming and gender-sensitive approaches in international development. Second, 'integrating women and girls' into education institutions was emphasized in various projects; third, the term women rather than gender were used in the texts, highlighting their position as a 'marginalized group.' Lastly, there was a lack of evidence of projects dealing with changing gender-based power relations. The constructed gendered relations and powers were identified throughout projects, usually acting as barriers to project activities. However, they were only identified, not challenged, by the program. In conclusion, whilst Korean international development and educational development discourse actively embrace Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD) in their programs, it is time to consider the issue of gender equality from different standpoints, such as identity, rights, and capabilities and a more active engagement with Korea's domestic issues in gender discourse and practices is also needed.

A Study on the Preference for Choosing an Automobiles according to the Demographic Characteristics (인구통계적 특성에 따른 자동차 선택의 선호도에 관한 연구)

  • Baek, Sung-Hyun;Chang, Kyung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.25-32
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    • 2007
  • Automobile manufacturing companies should provide the products and service that can satisfy consumers who usually want various kinds of automobiles. This paper studied the relations among several demographic characteristics(gender, age, occupation, income) of consumers and automobile's attributes(engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, color, etc.) and preferred automobile(kind, size, company, price). For the relation research we established a model and related hypotheses and used a questionnaire survey, where 350 subjects were questioned. After the analysis, many statistically significant results are obtained : consumer's gender has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, color, and design; age has relations with the preference for engine displacement, maintenance expenses, free checking during A/S period, etc., occupation has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, fuel efficiency, etc. : income has relations with the preference for engine performance, engine displacement, price, maintenance expenses, mileage, reputation of car manufacturing companies, etc.; price and fuel efficiency has relations with the preference for car manufacturing companies. These results suggest the consumer-oriented sales of automobiles and are expected to be helpful for the effective strategy development of automobile marketing.

A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study on Bullying/Victimization and Overt/Relational Aggression: Focused on gender (또래 괴롭힘과 외현과 관계적 공격성에 관한 횡단 및 종단연구: 성별을 중심으로)

  • Sim, Hee-Og
    • Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.1107-1118
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    • 2007
  • This study explored the consistency of bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization, the relationships between bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization and overt/relational aggression, and the relationships between bullying groups and overt/relational aggression with gender. The subjects were 4th grade children and 2 years later they were contacted again. Instruments were the Bully-Behavior Scale, the Peer-Victimization Scale and the Peer Nomination Instrument. Bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization were decreased while there were consistencies in overt and relational aggression from 4th to 6th grade. In the correlation analysis, male victims at Time 1 were negatively related to overt and relational aggression at both Time 1 and Time 2. Female bullies were positively related to relational aggression at both Time 1 and Time 2. In the cross-sectional relations of overt aggression with bullying groups, there was a gender difference. In the relational aggression with bullying groups, only bullying groups had a significant difference. In the longitudinal relations of overt aggression with bullying groups, only gender had a significant difference. Males appeared to be more overtly aggressive than females. In the relational aggression, bullying groups, gender, and the interaction between bullying groups and gender had significant differences. Female bullies were more likely to be relationally aggressive than other groups.

The effect of gender role attitude patterns on marital satisfaction and marital conflict among older adults (남녀노인의 성역할 태도 유형이 부부관계 만족도와 부부갈등 수준에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Hayoung;Jun, Hey Jung;Joo, Susanna
    • Journal of Family Relations
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.25-51
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify patterns of gender role attitude among older men and women and to investigate the effects of the identified patterns on marital quality for each gender. Method: The Third National Survey of Korean Families was utilized and 981 men and 752 women aged 60 and above, who have been married for over 20 years and have at least one child, were analyzed. Using Mplus 7.3, a latent profile analysis (LPA) identified latent profiles of gender role attitude for each gender. Then, using SPSS 23.0, multiple regression analysis analyzed the effects of the identified patterns on both marital satisfaction and marital conflict. Results: The latent profile analysis identified two patterns of traditional and partially egalitarian gender role attitudes each for the older men and women. Also, means on items relevant to the male breadwinner model and the male-oriented family culture were relatively low for both men and women regardless of the patterns. For the older men, the effects of the gender role attitude patterns on marital satisfaction and marital conflict were both significant; those individuals with the partially egalitarian gender role attitude pattern reported higher levels of marital satisfaction and lower levels of marital conflict than those individuals with the traditional gender role attitude pattern. However, the effects of the gender role attitude patterns on marital satisfaction and marital conflict were both not significant for the older women. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that political interventions are required to promote an egalitarian family culture for older adults. Moreover, its findings may be useful in the field of marriage and family therapy to develop educational programs that seek to improve marital quality in later life.