• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.155-176
• /
• 2007

An attempt to investigate the effect of gender differences on Korean students' EFL learning orientation was made. To explain a Korean EFL learning context, three criteria (cultural distance between the target country and the host country, communicative needs of the TL, the status of the TL in the host country) are adopted. Moreover, as a contrastive FL learning context from the Imposed FL learning context, a FL learning context where there is a substantial cultural distance from the TL community, communication needs of the TL do not exist, and the TL enjoys a special educational and socioeconomic status in the host country, a concept of an Integrative FL learning context is newly brought up in this paper. As the result of a questionnaire conducted in four different high schools, female learners can be claimed to be more internalized about academic and socioeconomic benefits the TL entails for their social advancement and overcoming inequality between men and women in society, albeit insignificant numerical data.

• SUVANNABHUMI
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.147-173
• /
• 2024

Nguyễn Huy Thiệp is a pillar in Vietnamese cultural life after the Second Indochina War, and the fates of men and women at the beginning of Đổi mới (Renovation) is one of the prominent themes in his short stories. To show off sexual power, seek glory, and maintain his dominant position, Thiệp's heroes engage in a game of oppressing the weak, hunting animals, and harassing women. However, due to the complex changes in social life, moral values, and gender inequality, men in the postwar period quickly experienced the feeling of humiliation, impotence, and failure. In turn, the sophisticated aspects of masculinity demonstrate the cultural and ethical concerns of contemporary Vietnamese society. By exploring the multidimensional nature of masculinity expressed in Thiệp's stories, this study aims to resolve misconceptions about gender and the relationship between men and women in his work.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.15
• /
• pp.111-135
• /
• 2013

This study explores gender images represented in the works of women artists from the Middle East, where male chauvinism is recognized to be more predominant than elsewhere. The artists included in this study such as Mona Hatoum, Shirin Neshat, Lida Abdul and Sigalit Landau are Post-Feminist generation of artists who were born in the Middle East but spent significant amount of time in the West. In addition, they were trained as artists under the influences of the Western Feminist Art. This particular group of female artists pays much attention to the ontological question of their identities rather than male/female inequality, and each artist represents men and women in the ways that can hardly be found in the works by women artists in the West. These artists not only connect gender identities to the socio-political geography of the Middle East but also deconstruct Western stereotypes of men and women from Arab world. The paper focuses on the way these women artists incorporate male/female vs. culture/nature dichotomies into their works to subvert the premises on which Western Feminism has been based and not only to cast light on women's freedom and their ontological conflicts but also to emphasize social suppression inflicted upon men. In such process, these artists resist stereotypical images of Middle Eastern men and women widely circulated in the mainstream media of the West.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.249-257
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between analysis of rape myths acceptance and gender role stereotype among university students. Method: First-year students at two three-year colleges in Jeonnam and two three-year colleges in Jeonbuk (n=406) were selected by convenience sampling. Of these, responses from 386 (95.8%) were analyzed. Result: Rape myths acceptance in male students was significantly higher than female students (t=5.400, p=.00). In terms of gender role stereotype, male students were significantly higher than female students (t=3.869, p<.001). The relationship between rape myths acceptance and gender role stereotype was in the middle range of correlation: male students' correlation coefficient was r=.520 (=p<.001), and female students' was r=.524 (p=<.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that university students' attitudes toward sex have not been properly established yet. Moreover, they highlight that in our society there still exists a male dominated social structure and inequality of sexes. To prevent sexual violation from occurring at the universities, it is necessary that programs to establish proper attitudes of students toward these two factors, should be developed and the results monitored frequently. In addition, cross sectional studies aimed at understanding rape myths acceptance and gender role stereotypes are needed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.499-510
• /
• 2017

Based on "The Global Gender Gap Report" by World Economic Forum, this study identified factors of gender gap and analyzed a relationship between income growth and economic structural improvement with 145 countries. Consequently, sex ratio has a positive relationship with GNI growth rate and ICT development index. Female illiteracy has a negative relationship with only GNI growth rate, and female seat of parliament has a positive relationship with only with only GNI growth rate. Female labor participation rate has a positive relationship with inly ICT development index. These results confirmed the importance of future female labor force. With these results, many countries will need to reconsider discrimination against women and establish strategy based on an institution and a policy to prepare the 4th industrial revolution.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.342-342
• /
• 2005

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.11
• /
• pp.541-548
• /
• 2020

This study aimed to explain the factors that influenced an individual's decision to migrate. The method of analysis in this study was the estimation of the probit regression model with data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5), which covered 30,000 individuals from 13 provinces in Indonesia. Data from IFLS-5 were longitudinal data, meaning that the study was looking for data consistently to get reliable data from respondents. The research variables to determine the individual's decision to migrate were education level, income level, employment status, marital status, land ownership status, health quality, gender, residence status, and poverty status. Individual decision to migrate as a dependent variable was placed as a dummy variable. The results showed that the level of education, income level, employment status, marital status, land ownership status, health quality, and poverty status significantly influenced an individual's decision to migrate. Meanwhile, gender and residence status did not significantly affect an individual's decision to migrate. This research recommends that it is necessary to pursue a policy of economic equality between regions because economic factors are the main trigger for an individual's decision to migrate. Policies to overcome economic disparities among regions will reduce the individual's decision to migrate.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2023

The objective of this paper is to analyze the disparities in perceptions regarding gender-related matters among students at K University, determined by their gender, and to propose solutions within the university education system. The results of the study are as follows. First, many men believe that there is no structural discrimination against women and that men are discriminated against, whereas women show the opposite. Second, men and women show statistically significant differences in perception of women's level of effort, reasons for low income, and work ability after employment. Third, men show unfavorable attitudes towards feminism compared to women. Fourth, the reasons men show hostile attitudes toward the female quota system and feminism include the influence of the traditional gender role model imposed on men and the difference in men's and women's views on structural inequality. To reduce the perception gap between men and women, it is necessary to reconsider hegemonic masculinity, apply issue-centered education using accurate information, publicize issues by preparing a mistake-friendly space, and respond to the perception gap at the university level from the perspective of citizenship education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.20-31
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore ways to define the concept of health inequality. Methods: The concept analysis process by Walker and Avant was used to clarify the meaning of health inequality. Results: Defining attributes of health inequality included differences in health status between individuals or groups, infringement of fundamental rights to health, unfair use of medical services, and social discrimination. The antecedents of health inequality included differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation, residential location), limitations in accessibility to health care, and social exclusion. Consequences of health inequality were increased costs for medical care, decreased health-related quality of life, and lack of ability to cope with health problems resulting in crisis situations, increases in morbidity and mortality, and shortening of life span. The concept was clarified through presentation of model, borderline, related, and contrary cases. Conclusion: Results of this study can be used to guide the direction of future studies through concept analysis in which conceptual attributes in the context of health inequality are examined. Also, based on the result of this study, development of standardized tools to measure health inequality is recommended as well as development of educational programs to reduce health inequalities.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.181-209
• /
• 2012

Employment form and gender as stratification factors may generate health disparities in Korea. Previous studies have examined the existence of health disparities by employment form and gender. However, few studies examined how the health disparities can be reduced effectively. This study intends to confirm the existence of health disparities between employment-gender groups and explore the effective health resources which can reduce the possible disparities. Using a national probability sample of Korean adults collected in 2011, we attempts to test the interaction effects between employment-gender groups and health resources on self-rated health. For health resources, 24 variables of five dimensions(social relationship, psychological resource, activity factor, health behavior, and usage of medical service) are taken into account. In results, first, the health levels of the other three employment-gender groups are worse than that of male-regular workers. Second, the effective health resources which can reduce the health disparities are different across the employment-gender groups. An effective health resource for female-nonregular workers is a peaceful relationship with her children. Effective health resources for male-nonregular workers are peaceful relationships with his parents and siblings, low stress, religious activity, and exercise. An effective health resource for female-regular workers is interpersonal trust. These results imply that personal or social interventions for health of specific disadvantaged groups need to focus on specific resources which are more effective for the groups.