• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of middle school students for the practical reasoning in a distance learning environment, to verify the needs differences based on the learner's personal characteristics, student-teacher interaction, and student-student interaction, and to investigate the relationships among student-teacher interaction, voluntary participation of students, and the students' perception of the extent to which practical reasoning is implemented in distance learning. For this purpose, 1,842 middle school students from seven schools in Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Chungbuk, and Sejong areas were surveyed online to investigate the importance of the practical reasoning questions and the how much practical reasoning is implemented in current distance learning. Among them, 1,095 responses were used for final analysis and descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and path analysis were conducted. As a result of the study, first, middle school students acknowledged that the practical reasoning was important with the importance average 3.76. Based on the locus for focus model, the priorities of the needs in home economics class were examined, and the values and importance of the problem, and the ramification of the solution were considered to be of high priority. Second, characteristics of middle school students, student-teacher interaction and student-student interaction were found to have positive influence on needs for practical reasoning, while no difference were found by gender or voluntary participation in distance learning. Third, the voluntary participation of students and the student-teacher interaction in distance learning had a positive (+) significant effect on perceived implementation of practical reasoning, yet negative (-) significant effect on needs for practical reasoning.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1120-1133
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to validate the failure attribution factors affecting emotional changes after a failed service by local restaurant users, and the relapse effects of the perceived failure of a customer's brand relationship. In this study, the implications of this study can be divided into the null theory and the homogenous theory, in which the study of the relationship between individual belief that influences the null theory and the post-gender emotional response is minimal. The independence of the crash response (angerous VS compassion) has been equally validated as building a belief-gathering-emotion three-step model. First, emotional BRQ (intimate and love) has a reduction effect on controllable geeks, and behavioral BRQ (relative existence) has an extended effect on controllable geeks. From a management perspective, restaurant managers should be less aware of the repeatability of a customer's service failure and call for customer sympathy. Integratedly, restaurant managers must control the customer's perception of service failure and restore the impact of the customer's BRQ on emotional reactions. A variety of service recovery measures should be established and the cerumen should be controlled. In addition, since BRQs have different effects on anger and sympathy (extended VS), different service failure recovery plans should be presented depending on the characteristics of the customer BRQ. For example, measures such as monetary compensation or fair dealing, emotional distribution to close and loving customers, and persuasion of reciprocal benefits to interdependent customers should be developed according to circumstances. This study explored the effectiveness of the geeks after a service failure and has limitations that do not take into account the various regulatory factors in the BRQ-return-Empression process. Thus, in further studies, the effects of adjusting service failure strength should be considered and a more complete model should be built.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.343-346
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• 2008

Background: Thoracoscpic sympathicotomy is an effective treatment for essential hyperhidrosis. Patients are generally satisfied with the surgery at the early post operative period, but they suffer from recurrence and compensatory sweating at the late post operative period. There are many sympathicotomy methods for minimizing recurrence and the compensatory sweating. We compared the outcome from between the R3 and R4 sympathicotomy methods for the symptoms, atisfaction, recurrence and compensatory sweating. Material and Method: From January 1999 to July 2007, 39 cases of thoracoscopic sympathicotomy at the 3rd rib (R3) and 72 cases of thoracoscopic sympathicotomy at the 4th rib (R4) for treating palmar hyperhidrosis were compared for the early and late satisfaction, the compensatory sweating and recurrence. Result: There is no difference of gender and age for the 2 groups. Early satisfaction was reported by 94.9% of the R3 patients and by 98.7% of the R4 patients. 84.6% of the R3 patients reported late satisfaction and 87.5% of the R4 patients reported late satisfaction. There were no significant differences between the groups for the early and late satisfaction. But there was a difference between the groups for compensatory sweating (23.1% in the R3 group and 9.7% in the R4 group (p=0.020)). The reoperation rate due to recurrence was 5.1% in the R3 group and 4.2% in the R4 group. There was no significant difference between the groups for recurrence. Conclusion: R4 sympathicotomy has excellent therapeutic results for compensatory sweating as compared to R3 sympathicotomy for treating palmar hyperhidrosis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2018

Purpose The introduction of bone scan has been reported as a useful tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and treatment response of skeletal disease. The purpose of this study is to improve the anatomical information and tolerance of the bone by combining bone scan and pelvic X-ray without additional radiation exposure. Materials and Methods From November 2015 to August 2016, 236 patients(64 men and 172 women, average age $50.96{\pm}15.39years$) take Bone scan and Pelvis AP(Anteroposterior) X-ray scan at the National Cancer Center. The scan equipment was a gamma camera, Symbia Ecam (SIEMENS, Germany), and a digital x-ray, DRS-800 (Listem, Korea). Osirix version 3.8.1 (Osirix, USA) and Stata/SE version 14.0 (StataCorp, USA) were used for image combination and analysis. The patient was intravenously injected with $^{99m}Tc-DPD$ (740 MBq), and the scan was performed 2 to 4 hours later. Gamma camera image acquisition were Matrix size $256{\times}1024$, Zoom 1.00, and scan speed 17 cm/min. The digital X-ray was made with a collimator size of $14^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}17^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, 77 kVp (60 to 97 kVp) and an average of 30 mAs (20 to 48). ASIS and pubic symphysis Select virtual points then Combine three virtual points and pelvic contour lines. The acquired images were evaluated by three radiologists who worked for more than 5 years in the nuclear medicine department. Results Of the total 236 patients, 216 (91.53%) were matched. The median and range (min~max) of the age were 67 (46~81) years old in the unmatched group and 52 (22~87) years old in the matched group, The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to determine whether age was different between the two groups. As a result, the age difference between the two groups was statistically significant at p < 0.0001. Of the 64 men, 60 (93.75%) were match and of the 172 women, 156 (93.75%) were match. There was no statistically significant difference according to gender(p = 0.4542). Of the 54 patients without pelvic lesions, 54 (100.00%) were match, and 162 (89.01%) of 182 patients with pelvic lesions were match. There was a statistically significant difference according to the presence of pelvic lesions. Conclusion There are many variables in the combination of bone scan and pelvic X-ray imaging, and the patient's age and pelvic lesion may have some effect on the image combination. This study is expected to be useful for the diagnosis of pelvic osteosarcoma of children without radiation exposure. It is expected that this combination of images will help to develop the nuclear medicine image.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 2002

Backgroud: Pneumonectomy carries the possibility of numerous dangerous complications as well as the vast effect the operation itself has on the cardiopulmonary function. Most of operations are done with the insertion of the chest tubes upon completion, but because of the high incidence of pyothorax as its complications, we have tried to analyze and compare the cases without inserting the chest tubes. Material and Method: During a 5 year period from January, 1996 to December 2000, 100 cases, which were operated at the Hanyang University Hospital, were selected using the patient's charts. The age, gender, indication of operation, associated diseases, and operation site(left or right) were classified accordingly and the postoperative complications and mortality were statistically analyzed using the $\chi$ 2-test. After resecting the lung, the intrathoracic pressure was set at -15 ~ -20cm $H_2O$ using the nelaton catheter, and the thoracotomy site was then closed. The gradual collection of the fluid and blood in the thorax of the operated side, as well as the mediastinum location, were observed carefully for 4~5 days postoperatively with the aid of the simple chest x-rays. Result: Of the 100 cases, 16 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis(16%), 81 cases of lung tumor(81%), 2 cases of bronchiectasis(2%), and 1 case of aspergilloma associated bronchiectasis were noted. There were 8 mortality cases(8%), and of the 34 cases(34%), 44 complications were noted. The age, sex, and operation site(left or right) were not statistically significant with the complications. 7 of the 16 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis(44%) and 27 of the 81 cases of lung tumor(33%) had complications, but they were found not to be statistically significant. The increase of the complication rate in the pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 3.86. The evidence of postoperative bleeding was observed in 6 cases with the 3 cases being the pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the 3 cases were others. This shows that the increase in postoperative bleeding in the pulmonary tuberculosis is statistically significant(p=0.019). Of the 100 cases, there were 8 mortality cases(8%), with 5 cases from the 81 cases of the lung tumor group(6.1%), 3 cases from the 16 cases of pulmonary tuberculoses group(18.7%).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.825-830
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• 2007

Background: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery appears to offer certain advantages such as earlier postoperative recovery and a greater cosmetic effect than that achieved through conventional sternotomy. However, this approach has not yet been widely adopted in Korea to replace complex open heart surgery such as mitral valve reconstruction. This study compared the results of robot assisted minimally invasive mitral valve repair with those results of conventional sternotomy. Material and Method: From December 1993 to December 2005, 520 consecutive patients underwent mitral valve reconstruction for mitral regurgitation in our institution. These patients were subdivided according to those whose surgery used the conventional sternotomy approach (Group S, n=432) and those who underwent minimally invasive right anterior thoracotomy (Group M, n=88); we then compared the clinical results of both groups. When we performed minimally invasive right thoracotomy, we used a robot (AESOP 3000) and made an incision less than 5 cm. Result: Our study patients in both groups were similar for their age, gender and preoperative ejection fraction. There were two hospital mortalities in group S. but there was no mortality in the group M patients. Significant reductions in the ICU stay and the postoperative hospital stay were observed in the group M patients compared with the group S patients. However, both the bypass time and the aortic cross-clamp time were significantly longer in the group M patients. In spite of the confined incision in the group M patients, there were no limitations on the mitral valve repair techniques. There was a similar frequency of postoperative significant residual mitral regurgitation in both groups. Conclusion: In this study, the minimally invasive mitral valve repair showed comparable early results with the conventional sternotomy patients. We will now need long-term follow-up of these patients who underwent minimally invasive mitral valve repair, but we anticipate that based on the results of this study, we will begin to routinely perform minimally invasive cardiac surgery as out primary approach for mitral valve reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.649-658
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to verify the difference in health and obesity according to water and coffee intake. The study subject is 900 female college students. Physical fitness factors measured in this study were physical strength(grip strength, back muscle strength), muscle endurance (sit-up), Flexibility(Sit & reach) and cardiopulmonary endurance(harvard step). The factors of body composition (intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, mineral, body water content, muscle mass, lean body mass, body fat mass) and obesity (BMI, body fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage, obesity) were measured with the Inbody equipment. SPSS program was used for all data analysis. Group differences were verified by two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The results are as follows. There was no interaction effect between water and coffee intake on health and obesity. Therefore, the difference of the dependent variables according to each independent variable was verified. There was no significant difference in physical fitness according to water intake and coffee intake, but there was a significant difference in body composition (intracellular fluid, protein, minerals, body water, muscle mass and lean body mass). Water drinking group more than 7 cups had significantly higher body composition than the 1-4 cups water drinking group. In the case of coffee, the body composition of the 3 cup intake group was significantly higher than that of the none intake group. Obesity was significantly higher than the none intake and 1-2 cup intake groups. Based on the study results, water intake was not related to obesity, but coffee was related. For further studies, it would be better to consider gender and age differences in drinking various beverages such as water and coffee and that would be used to suggest a desirable way of water intake according to individual characteristics of the better health.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

In this study, market orientation affects the real estate transaction and about the various parameters examined, the real estate transactions, market orientation and intensity of competition in the market upheaval and the impact was seen on the results can be summarized as follows. First, market orientation and about the relationship between real estate transactions were examined. Each variable of customer satisfaction information generation, information dissemination, information was used for the reaction. Among them, the dissemination of information, information about the reaction produces a lot better the customer satisfaction was the result. In other words, the dissemination of information and availability of information to real estate transactions, the more you can improve customer satisfaction. While the information does not appear to be generated as a result of the impact of market orientation when the first phase of the creation of market information and the customer's needs and preferences of current and future information and external factors affecting them to gather information about It is difficult to assess realistically can be seen. This is both our customers and dealers in real estate purchase or trade items for the exact targets, but the general approach the start of trading because by necessity. Therefore, a clear standard for real estate deals in and nine minutes to all sellers of real estate purchases through a process of communication to enable effective approach should be. Second, market orientation and about the relationship between real estate transactions were examined. The information for each variable in re-creating transactions, information dissemination, information was used for the reaction. Variable affects all the information creation, dissemination of information, information about the reaction the better the deal re-done show that two can be frequent. In other words, information generation, information dissemination and utilization of information to real estate transactions, the more customers the added responsibilities of the re-trade can be seen. Third, the relationship between market orientation and in the real estate market upheaval of environmental factors on the relationship between gender were examined. Each variable of customer satisfaction information generation, information dissemination, information was used for the reaction. Among them, the dissemination of information, information about the reaction produces a lot better the customer satisfaction was the result. In other words, the dissemination of information, depending on the market upheaval and the availability of information to raise the real estate can increase customer satisfaction. Fourth, market orientation and environmental factors in the relationship between real estate transactions and about the relationship between competition intensity was investigated. The information for each variable in re-creating transactions, information dissemination, information was used for the reaction. Variable affects all the information creation, dissemination of information, information about the reaction the better the deal re-done show that two can be frequent. In other words, information generation, information dissemination and utilization of information and the higher intensity of competition or unyounghameusseo ttaemaewoo active real estate transactions to provide our customers the added responsibilities of the re-trade can be seen. If more comprehensive, market orientation, according to real estate transactions and environmental factors affecting the performance was also different. Abundance of information about the current real estate it is true that the accuracy and reliability, and real estate, and are unsure about the expected benefits. So you want to trade to provide accurate information to customers and markets change rapidly and competition is severe, with more information if you have reliable information to the customer must supply can increase trading performance. Guarantee of future customer transactions and can provide valuable information and research needs to be differentiated based on the provision of real estate information should be done to achieve profitability will be a cow brokerage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2607-2616
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• 2012

This study was designed to figure out patient safety culture of medical institutions and try to utilize the study results as basic data for analyzing doctor's awareness of patient safety culture. To this end, questionnaire survey was conducted from August 1st to September 5th, 2011, targeting doctors working at senior general hospitals located in G city, and 194 questionnaires were utilized for final analysis. The research results are as follows. First, there was a difference in awareness of deployment of staffs depending on gender, age, term of service in the hospital, contact with patients and working hours per week in relationship between subjects, wards and hospital safety culture, and organizational learning and teamwork in the ward turned out to be significant in accordance with working hours per week, and all sub-areas of the ward safety culture by departments. Second, feedback about the malpractice, communication, report on malpractice frequency and overall safety awareness were found to be significant by departments in relationship of subjects, medical incident reporting system, patient safety evaluation and overall level of consciousness, and the overall safety awareness showed significant results according to contact with patients and working hours per week. Third, there was a positive corelation in sub-areas of the ward and hospital safety culture awareness, overall recognition and patient safety evaluation, and a positive corelation with medical incident reporting system was found in all areas except for attitude of managers/immediate supervisors and that of hospital executives. Fourth, sub-areas of patient safety culture which has a effect on patient safety showed significant results in organizational learning, openness of communication, overall safety awareness, systematic cooperation between departments, feedback/communication and non-punitive response. In conclusion, to increase the level of the ward and hospital patient safety culture of doctors and implement medical incident reporting system faithfully, it is necessary to activate teamwork through organizational learning in the ward based on the adequate staffing and working hours, promote open communication between departments and provide feedback on medical malpractice, thereby establishing a cooperative system by departments and active support of hospital executives for patient safet.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of chronic exposure by welders to manganese (Mn) through an analysis of the degree of brain activity in different activities such as cognition and motor activities using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neurotoxic effect that Mn has on the brain was examined as well as changes in the neuro-network in motor areas, and the usefulness of fMRI was evaluated as a tool to determine changes in brain function from occupational exposure to Mn. Methods: A survey was carried out from July 2010 to October 2010 targeting by means of a questionnaire 160 workers from the shipbuilding and other manufacturing industries. Among them, 14 welders with more than ten years of job-related exposure to Mn were recruited on a voluntary basis as an exposure group, and 13 workers from other manufacturing industries with corresponding gender and age were recruited as a control group. A questionnaire survey, a blood test, and an fMRI test were carried out with the study group as target. Results: Of 27 fMRI targets, blood Mn concentration of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001), and Pallidal Index (PI) of the welder group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). As a result of the survey, the score of the exposure group in self-awareness of abnormal nerve symptoms and abnormal musculoskeletal symptoms was higher than those of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05, respectively). In the correlation between PI and the results of blood tests, the correlation coefficient with blood Mn concentration was 0.893, revealing a significant amount of correlation (p<0.001). As for brain activity area within the control group, the right and the left areas of the superior frontal cortex showed significant activity, and the right area of superior parietal cortex, the left area of occipital cortex and cerebellum showed significant activity. Unlike the control group, the exposure group showed significant activity selectively on the right area of premotor cortex, at the center of supplementary motor area, and on the left side of superior temporal cortex. In the comparison of brain activity areas between the two groups, the exposure group showed a significantly higher activation state than did the control group in such areas as the right and the left superior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum including superior frontal cortex and the right area of premotor cortex. However, in nowhere did the control group show a more activated area than did the exposure group. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to Mn increased brain activity during implementation of hand motor tasks. In an identical task, activation increased in the premotor cortex, superior temporal cortex, and supplementary motor area. It was also discovered that brain activity increase in the frontal area and occipital area was more pronounced in the exposure group than in the control group. This result suggests that chronic exposure to Mn in the work environment affects brain activation neuro-networks.