• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2019

Purpose: With an increase of concerns towards leisure activities, water sport participation is constantly increasing. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exercise commitment on leisure satisfaction. Research design, data, and methodology: To accomplish the purpose, the study collected data from undergraduate students who participated water sports class in University. The sample was extracted by purposive sampling of nonprobability sampling. 281 students participated in the survey. Data were computed via correlation test, factor analysis, Cronbach's α test, one way ANOVA, and regression. Significance of all results was set to p<.05. Results: The results are like below. Frist, in terms of differences by demographics, the results indicated that significant difference between exercise commitment and leisure satisfaction by gender was shown only in psychological factor in leisure satisfaction. Second, in terms of the relationship between commitment and satisfaction, the findings pointed out that significant difference between exercise commitment and leisure satisfaction by grade was observed only in leisure satisfaction, especially on the educational part. Third, the study revealed that no significant difference by participation level was shown. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study posits that exercise commitment play a function in increasing the leisure satisfaction. Further implications were discussed.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2020

This study is preliminary and qualitative research to find out the possibility of using children's architectural work as projective test tools. The features of 21 works from the activity of built-environment education for children was analyzed and compared with MBTI psychological preference types. The key results are as follows: 1) Observation and communication was required to understand and analyze children's architectural works. 2) The results of children's work appeared in various ways, and were classified as indicators according to composition, shape, expression, program, circulation. These indicators also showed the independence of personal expression types regardless of age or gender. 3) The comparison between architectural expressions and MBTI preference types revealed a significant relationship between the indicators. The relationship only appeared in certain indicator pairs. Therefore, it can be said that the built-environment education could be used as a projection test tool to understand the psychological preferences of children. In conclusion, the meanings and limitations of this study and the possibility of future researches were discussed.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.55-73
• /
• 2021

Purpose -This study aims to determine how the characteristics of the airline's SNS marketing affects brand image, brand attitude according to perceived values, and to analyze the impact of SNS marketing factors. It was intended to provide theoretical and practical implications for airlines to refer to SNS marketing activities. Research design, data, and methodology -A questionnaire was formed based on previous studies, and then an online questionnaire was created to conduct a survey. Explained the purpose and asked to respond. From February 1 to 14, 2020, 333 responses with a valid number of samples were confirmed for the final analysis of the data. The questionnaire was composed of five areas: demographic characteristics, SNS factor, brand image, brand attitude, and perceived value. Result -Airline's SNS marketing, brand image, and brand attitude are affected by the gender, age, and SNS usage time of the user, and the perceived value of the user is shown to be controlled by the airline's SNS marketing's influence on brand image and brand attitude. Conclusion -When SNS is to be effectively used for airline marketing, it is necessary to pay attention to the demographic characteristics and the control effect of perceived value, and use it for airline management. The perceived value has been shown to affect SNS marketing's brand image and brand attitude.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study measured the consumer-perceived importance and satisfaction of eco-friendly food selection factors and performed the IPA to derive the factors that need to be maintained, reinforced, improved and selectively improved or where investment need to be minimized, and thus provide some clues for eco-friendly food companies' sales growth. Research design, data and methodology: To this end, efficient questionnaires of a total of 312 respondents who answered the questions about the importance of and the satisfaction with 20 selection attribute factors of eco-friendly foods were returned, and then, paired-samples t-test and IPA by all respondents, gender, age and incomes were conducted. Results: The analysis showed that a maintenance/reinforcement strategies planned by companies are required for some factors including 'safety' and 'product quality' at the first quadrant, while active improvement strategies are required for others including 'price' and 'flavor' at the second quadrant. Conclusions: The findings show that different marketing strategies should be established for each consumer who often purchase eco-friendly foods, and that more effective and efficient performance of eco-friendly food companies may be acquired by establishing and operating active improvement strategies.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to clarify the concept of entrepreneurial leadership by reviewing the relevant existing studies, and to examine changes in entrepreneurial leadership research through review and statistical analysis on the articles published in Korean and international journals. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: Among the papers published between 2010 and 2020, 8 Korean studies and 42 international studies (UK and US) that clearly identify entrepreneurial leadership as research topic were analyzed. Results: Examinations on the yearly trends, keywords, and research methods reveal that research on entrepreneurial leadership is increasing recently with the emphasis on the statistical analysis. Keyword analysis shows high frequency of team and innovation for domestic research, while overseas research focuses on entrepreneurship, leadership, and gender associated keywords. Conclusions: This study has confirmed that overseas studies employ various methodologies, focusing on statistical analysis and that the effect of entrepreneurial leadership are in progress. For domestic cases, studies on entrepreneurial leadership are limited in number. Research topics and methods are areas that need further improvements. Research on entrepreneurial leadership has recently begun, requiring diversity in the subjects and methods for future development

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.9 no.7
• /
• pp.153-171
• /
• 2022

To measure economic performance, customer satisfaction indices are constructed. This study proposes an index for banking and telecom, a significant evaluative system for comparing and enhancing customer satisfaction across the industries. The study suggests and examines amendments and improvements to the prior indices and incorporates ignored indicators to propose a punier index for Pakistan. The study is a pioneer in integrating online and offline indices into a single comprehensive model. The study is enriched by the Theory of Reasoned Action and Technological Acceptance Model. A sample of 320 respondents was used. The sample was divided based on gender and marital status. To authenticate the theoretical model, PLS-SEM was applied. We discovered nine latent variables that define customer satisfaction and conclude that a single model can be utilized for e-commerce enterprises as well. The index scores are comparable to the American index for banking and the Turkish index for telecom. Multi-group analysis (MGA) was used to comprehend the differences among the groups. This reveals that customization, design, reliability, and responsiveness induce satisfaction in telecom male and married customers. For the banking industry, the difference exists in complaint handling, customization, corporate image, perceived price, reliability, responsiveness, sentiments, convenience, and security to satisfaction links, image and complaint handling to loyalty links.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.923-934
• /
• 2021

Most apparel products have national standards for sizing; however, for gloves, national sizing standards have not yet been established. This study aims to analyze children's hand dimensions and propose a size specification for children's gloves that shows children's hand-related size information. Among the 3D measurements of sixth Size Korea Project, the measurement data of 19 dimensions related to the hands of 1,057 boys and girls aged 7-13 years old were analyzed. The distribution and growth trend of hand measurements for boys and girls demonstrated considerable mean differences and distribution trends by gender and age as per hand dimensions, which leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to show these results in the children's glove design. Based on these results, the cross-distribution maps of children's hand length and hand circumference were drafted; furthermore, the distribution relationship with an adult hand size was identified. Based on the distribution of hand sizes, the distribution of adult hand sizes overlapped with children's hand sizes was verified, and children's glove size specifications were presented. The results can be used as useful data such as measures for setting the size range and sizing system for children's gloves.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.361-373
• /
• 2022

Purpose - This paper analyzes the student determinants of college non-completion and estimates the effects of each determinant on college non-completion. Design/methodology/approach - We use student panel data from a large Korean university from 2011 to 2021. Our results are from estimation of fixed-effects logit model. Findings - The results show that grade point average, participation in extracurricular activities, the number of counseling sessions with teachers, and financial aid are the main determinants of college non-completion. Academic probation, which is defined as any person who has a cumulative grade point average below a one point seven five, increases the non-completion rate by 2.6 percentage points and an one-point rise in extracurricular activities index reduces the rate by 0.1 percentage points. The effects of each determinant are heterogeneous across student sub-groups which are separated by gender, nationality, and academic discipline. Research implications or Originality - Tailored support programs for academically discouraged students that incorporate student characteristics and backgrounds are necessary to increase college completion rates and degree attainment.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.7-21
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Modern globalization and Western markets saturation has catalyzed the growth of culinary globalization into developing countries. The question was whether fast food consumers in frontier markets of Sub-Saharan Africa (Zimbabwe), either upholds national gastronomic tendencies in terms of consumer ethnocentrism and buy local or they adopt global fast food brands. Demographic consumer profiles were also analyzed as antecedents of consumer ethnocentrism. Research design, data and methodology: A sample size of 400 fast food-adult consumers was surveyed in the City of Harare. Data was captured on SPSS and Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS). Hypothesis testing was done using sample t test (H₁), logistic regression (H₂) and multiple regression (H₃, ₄, ₅) analysis. Results: Consumer ethnocentrism in Zimbabwe was marginally above average and no statistically significant relationship between the levels of consumer ethnocentrism and adoption of foreign fast food brands was noted. Age had an inverse relationship; income had a positive association whilst gender had no statistical significance with consumer ethnocentrism. Conclusions: Despite the Zimbabwean consumers being marginally ethnocentric, international restaurateurs should invest in the Zimbabwean fast food market since their nature of being foreign has got an exotic appeal to the Zimbabwean consumers thereby enhancing their likelihood of success.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Intrinsic motivation can be affected by external factors and may not always be present in an employee. This study aims to shed light on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in driving employee performance and to determine which type of motivation has a greater impact on performance. Additionally, the research seeks to understand the impact of motivation on different employee characteristics, such as age, gender, and job tenure. Research design, data and methodology: The present author has obtained textual data from the current literature dataset, However, focusing on mostly journal articles and published books because it could provide the justification of reliability and validity and help to collect solid previous studies which is logically categorized themes. Results: The findings of the present research are divided into four differences (Difference in Job Satisfaction, Difference in Job Involvement, Difference in Organizational Commitment, and Difference in Turnover Intention), each focusing on one aspect of employee performance: job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Conclusions: Organizations can use the differences in employee performance based on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to improve employee performance by recognizing the importance of intrinsic motivation, providing opportunities for employees to experience intrinsic motivation, and balancing extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.