• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the patterns and interrelationships for meeting recommendations of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dietary behavior in elementary school students. A cross-sectional design was used to assess 259 students ages 11 to 13 years. Physical activity (moderate to vigorous physical activity $\geqq$60min/day), sedentary behavior (viewing time for TV, computer, DVD, video, etc<3hr/day), and dietary behavior (servings of fruits and vegetables$\geqq$5times/day) were categorized into two levels: meeting recommendations or not meeting recommendations. Parents' health behaviors and home environmental variables were assessed with self-reported measures. Chi-squared tests and independent t-tests were conducted to compare anthropometric variables and the prevalence of students not meeting the recommendation for the three health behaviors. Comparison between males and females and logistic linear regression were used to determine the interrelationships of three health behaviors. 25.9% of students did not meet the physical activity recommendations. 15.4% did not meet sedentary behavior recommendations, and 41.7% did not meet dietary recommendation. Only 39.8% of students met all three recommendations, but 19.0% did not meet over two recommendations. Patterns that simultaneously did not meet two recommendations were: sedentary and dietary behavior in males (8.1%), and physical activity and dietary behavior in females (10.4%). Students who did not meet dietary recommendations were at greater risk of not meeting physical activity (OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.15 to 6.64), and sedentary behavior (OR 3.07; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.16) compared with students who did meet dietary recommendations. The findings of this study support not an independent behavior approach but a multiple behavior approach taking into account gender and interrelationships among the three behaviors.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2018

본 연구는 한국 노인의 건강 및 건강행태 관련요인을 중심으로 성별에 따른 복부비만에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구는 질병관리본부에 의해 2015년 1월부터 12월까지 시행된 제 6기 국민건강영양조사의 원시자료를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 만 65세 이상 노인 중 허리둘레를 측정 한 남자 599명 (Weighted n=3,037,943), 여자 793명(Weighted n=3,840,452)이었다. 자료는 IBM SPSS 23.0 프로그램으로 복합표본설계 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과, 본 연구에서 한국노인은 성별에 따라 인구사회학적 요인, 건강관련 요인 및 건강행태에 있어 유의한 차이를 보였다. 남성노인의 복부비만 비율은 38.3%, 여성노인의 복부비만 비율은 50.5%인 것으로 나타났다. 건강 및 건강행태 관련 요인 중 한국의 남성노인의 복부비만에 영향을 주는 요인은 폭음빈도, 여성노인은 주관적 건강상태가 유의한 영향요인인 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 한국 노인의 복부 비만 관리를 위한 프로그램은 성별에 따른 건강관련 요인 및 건강행태의 차이를 고려할 필요가 있다. 이에 남성의 경우 다양한 영향요인을 고려한 폭음관리 전략이 요구되며, 여성의 경우 주관적 건강상태에 따른 복부비만의 원인 분석 및 관리방법이 적용되어야 할 것이다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2002

Little is known about sexual autonomy in the light of human sexual health or sexual behavior. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of sexual autonomy by developing a scale to measure sexual autonomy in college students. The measure was based on the perspective of human beings as having autonomy. A methodological developmental design was used. The study was done in three steps and included concept development through content analysis of relevant literature individual interviews using open-ended questions with 19 college students, item analysis of data from self report questionnaires for item to total correlation, content validity index by professionals and college students, and factor analysis with principal component analysis. Three groups participated in testing the measurement scale; Group A in 1998, a nationwide convenience sample of college students (n=1,163), Group B, college students in 1999 (n=233), and Group C, college students in 2000 who responded to the measurement scale before and after a sex education program (n=216). A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test validity. For analysis of the questionnaires, statistical methods including reliability (test-retest), item to total analysis, content validity, factor analysis for construct validity and t-test for mean difference according to gender, sexual coitus, previous sex education, and pre-post experiment sex education were used with SPSS 10.0. Results: 1. Two stable factors were extracted and these contributed 48.05% of the variance in the total score. All 13 items loaded above .40 on each factor. 2. Factor I with 10 items was named 'control' and factor II with 3 items and was named 'coping'. 3. Differences in sexual autonomy scores for college students according to their experience showed that there were significantly higher scores for sexual autonomy in the post sex education group(t=-10.841, p=.000), but there were no differences according to whether or not they had previous sex education. Female college students had higher sexual autonomy scores than male college students in A or B group (t=-5.933, p=.000/ t=-1.992, p=.048). 4. Cronbach's $\alpha$ was .8603 for the total 13 items with 1,632 college students, .8739 with 232 students, .8333$\sim$.7647 with pre-post sex education with 216 students. This measurement was found to have a high validity and reliability for measuring sexual autonomy in college students. Therefore, the author recommends that it be used to measure the effects of sex education. It is suggested that further study is needed to analyze the relationship between sexual autonomy and sexual behavior.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

Purpose - Satisfaction with service is evaluated according to customers' subjective judgment. The expected value of customer service and its evaluations depend on the customers' position. The customer recognizes two different forms of service levels. One is satisfaction and the other is dissatisfaction. Customers who are satisfied want to receive the service in future. However, those dissatisfied try to change the service. The service provider tries to improve the service. There are two different service cycles. One is the successful cycle and the other is the failure cycle. This study aimed to empirically determine the effects of the justice and authenticity of service recovery on customer behavioral intention through an integrated approach to cognitive justice and psychological authenticity. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on a literature review, justice of service recovery was categorized into three types: distributive, procedural, and interactive. Then, authenticity was added to obtain four independent variables, along with recovery satisfaction as a parameter. Behavioral intention, as an outcome variable, was divided into the repurchase intention and positive word-of-mouth. The model and hypotheses were created and measurement items were developed. A questionnaire survey of items concerning the service recovery experience at family restaurants was conducted on college students and residents in Gwangju from September 30 to October 31, 2013. A total of 400 copies of the questionnaire were sent out and 385 were returned. Respondents answered questions about the importance of, and satisfaction with service recovery on a 5-point Likert scale. Excluding 174 copies without service failure experiences and 7 inappropriate copies, 204 copies were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for Windows and AMOS 20.0 to determine the reliability and validity of measurements. The hypotheses were tested through a goodness-of-fit analysis. Results - First, distributive justice positively affected recovery satisfaction. Second, procedural and interactive justice had no impact. Third, authenticity positively affected recovery satisfaction. Fourth, distributive justice had relatively stronger effects on recovery satisfaction than authenticity. Fifth, recovery satisfaction significantly affected repurchase intention and positive word-of-mouth and it proved effective in mediation. Finally, additional analysis was performed for descriptive statistics of the principal variables by various demographic characteristics and significant differences were found in gender, occupation, and so on. Conclusions - This study has academic significance as the fairness and authenticity of service recovery were investigated to reveal the effects on behavior. The findings could be applied to a wide range of service recovery strategies. However, there are some limitations. First, data was collected only from the residents of Gwangju and most respondents were aged 20-30. Future studies should target a wide range of areas and age groups. Second, because the questionnaire used in this study targets only convenience family restaurants, the results of this study cannot be generalized to all services companies. Future research should be done on a wide range of industries such as hotels, airlines, and hospitals, and perform a comparison between sectors.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to investigate the relationship among emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of foreign life insurance consultants focusing on the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Regarding job security, in general foreign life insurance companies in Korea have more severe working conditions in terms of required contract performance. For foreign life insurance consultants, they are assumed to need higher level of emotional intelligence and self efficacy to meet the conditions. In this study, focus is cast on these aspects. Research design, data, and methodology - Basically the research is conducted upon questionnaires responded by foreign life insurance consultants. That is, data are collected from 255 sample of insurance consultants who work for a foreign owned life insurance company. The Questionnaire measure the level of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy and job stress of insurance consultants. The data are analyzed using pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Durbin-Watson test. Results - The general characteristics of respondents are gender, age, marital status, education level, income monthly, career length, change jobs no, working day per week, call no. per week, meeting no. with client per week, contract regularity, contract no. per month and cancellation contract per year. The mean of emotional intelligence is 2.63, self-efficacy is 3.44 and job stress is 2.20. Emotional intelligence is composed with mean value of self emotion appraisal(3.93), other's emotion appraisal(3.78), regulation of emotion(3.29) and use of emotion(3.52). The mean of self efficacy is composed with mean value of self-confidence(3.41), self-regulated efficacy(3.59) and preference task difficulty(3.30). The job stress is composed with mean value of job requirement(2.61), lack of job autonomy(1.99), conflict of personal relations(1.99), job instability(2.38), organizational system(2.19) and inappropriate compensation(2.07). There is a significant positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are significantly negative correlation with job stress. The self-efficacy is showed a mediating variable between emotional intelligence and job stress. Conclusions - To decrease job stress level, foreign life insurance company should find the factors to improve the emotional intelligence and self-efficacy of life insurance consultants, and develop appropriate plans using a mediating role of self- efficacy between emotional intelligence and job stress.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2012

Purpose - This study was conducted to evaluate service quality, perceived value, and satisfaction in the performing arts in order to establish a system of relationships that predicts repurchase intention, which increasingly needs to be studied as the domestic performing arts market grows. Research design, data, and methodology - Another purpose of this study is to identify 'work-related factors' and 'performing-arts-related factors' in the performing arts industry, and to observe the influence of the core SQ factors expected to influence audiences' purchase intentions through perceived value and customer satisfaction. The empirical study to test the hypothesis was based on a review of the literature and employed the survey method; data were collected from a total of 500 audience members. Results - The major results of the analysis are as follows. First, in terms of quality factors affecting perceived value, literary quality, level, professionalism, and musical quality were shown to have a significant influence as key factors from the performing arts perspective, while reliability, convenience, and related costs were indicated to exert a significant influence as additional factors related to work. Secondly, the quality factors with a significant influence on customer satisfaction were literary quality, professionalism, and musical quality, which were shown to have a significant influence from the performing arts perspective, while only reliability was indicated to exert a significant influence on work-related factors. Third, perceived value was shown to have a strong positive (+) influence on customer satisfaction, with both perceived value and customer satisfaction exerting a significant influence on the revisit intention. Finally, according to the results a difference analysis with demographic variables, viewing variables as moderating variables, differences according to gender were indicated in the influence of literary value and lel on perceived value, and in the influence of convenience and professionalism on customer satisfaction as well. Also, in terms of the influence of perceived value on customer satisfaction, males were found to be more influenced than females. Conclusions - Based on the above results, the suggested implications of the present study are as follows. First, through the consideration of not only the crucial work perspective in performing arts services, which has been inadequate in the past, but the additional performance-related level, the previously unevenly distributed viewpoints were expanded for application. Second, in verifying the relationship between expanded quality factors and the factors that determine consumer behavior while simultaneously considering key factors and additional related factors, work-related service quality factors were shown to exert a stronger influence on perceived value and customer satisfaction than performance-related factors. Third, for service factors related to performance, the reliability factor exerts an influence on perceived value and customer satisfaction, requiring that a performance planner secure and manage diverse channels to immediately support customer requests in providing performance theater services.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.221-232
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• 2017

최근 차세대 친환경 자동차에 대한 주요 메이커의 개발 및 시장 참여가 가속화되고 있으며, 소비자의 관심도 높아지고 있는 가운데, 소비자의 특성과 소비 유형 차세대 친환경 자동차의 특성 요인, 그리고 차세대 친환경 자동차에 대한 정부의 정책 조치가 소비자의 구매 행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 국내 서울에 거주하는 소비자를 대상으로 웹 설문조사를 하였다. 본 연구의 결과 소비자의 특성(성별, 연령별, 월평균 소득별)과 소비자의 유형(가격가치 추구형, 개인가치 추구형, 사회환경 가치추구형)과 친환경 자동차 소유여부를 살펴보면 성별, 연령별, 월평균 소득별, 소비자 유형별로 유의한 차이가 없으며 구매의도는 성별, 연령별, 월평균 소득별로 유의한 차이가 없으나 소비자의 유형에 따라 구매의도에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다 또한, 친환경 자동차의 특성요인이 소비자 구매행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며 브랜드, 색상, 디자인 등 이미지는 친환경자동차에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 그리고 친환경자동차에 대한 소비자유형별 정부의 정책지원은 친환경자동차 구매행동에 정의 영향을 미치며 소비자 유형중 사회환경가치 추구형이 구매의도와 유의한 관계에 있으며 사회환경가치 추구형에 있어 정부의 지원정책인 이산화탄소세(톤당 5,000원, 톤당 10,000원), 국가나 지방자치단체의 차량가격직접지원, 가솔린세, 경유세, 탄소세 등 연료관련 세제 경감 등은 정의 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2017

본 연구는 청소년의 가족건강성, 공감능력과 행복감의 일반적인 경향을 알아보고, 가족건강성, 공감능력이 행복감에 미치는 영향력을 살펴봄으로써 이를 통해 청소년의 행복감을 증진하는데 도움을 주는 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 첫째, 청소년이 인식하는 공감능력은 '개인적 고통'을 제외한 '관점 취하기', '동일시', '공감적 관심'에서 중간 값 보다 높게 나타났으며 성별에 따른 공감능력의 차이를 살펴보면, 여학생이 남학생에 비해 전반적으로 공감능력이 높았다. 청소년이 인식하는 가족건강성은 하위영역 모두에서 중간 값보다 높게 나타났고, 성별에 따른 가족건강성의 차이를 살펴보면 '의사소통 및 유대'를 여학생이 남학생 보다 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 청소년이 인식하는 행복감은 중간 값보다 높게 나타났으며, 성별에 따른 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 청소년의 행복감에 공감능력 중 동일시, 공감적 관심, 개인적 고통이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 가족건강성의 하위변인 중 가족존중 및 애정, 역할공유 및 문제해결력, 재정적 안정이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 변인들은 행복감을 39% 설명해 주고 있다. 따라서, 청소년의 행복감을 증진시키기 위해서는 건강한 가족관계 형성을 위한 가족관계 강화 프로그램을 활성화하고 공감능력 향상 프로그램을 개발하여 학교나 가정에서 지속적인 교육이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2016

본 논문의 목적은 정보영재 학생들의 정보접근성 인식의 향상을 위한 교수학습법을 개발하여 적용한 후 그 효과를 알아보는 것에 있다. 실험수업에 적용된 모형은 문제중심학습(Problem-Based Learning: PBL)을 기반으로 설계하였으며 정보영재 42명(초등학생 22명, 중학생 20명)을 대상으로 하였다. 수업모형의 효과성을 측정하기 위해 정보접근성에 대한 필요성, 행동의지에 대한 인식을 사전/사후 검사를 통해 알아보고, 수업 후 실험수업에 대한 재미, 만족도, 몰입감에 대한 인식을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사전/사후 차이 분석 결과 수업 후 정보접근성에 대한 필요성 및 행동의지가 전반적으로 향상된 것을 볼 수 있었다. 이 중, 성별의 차이를 살펴보면 여학생들의 정보접근성에 대한 인식과 남학생의 행동의지가 향상된 것을 볼 수 있었다. 학교급에 따른 차이를 살펴보면 초등학생의 정보접근성에 대한 필요성과 중학생의 행동의지가 통계적으로 유의미하게 향상된 것을 볼 수 있었다. 둘째, 실험수업 후 학습자들의 재미와 만족도가 높게 나타난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만, 몰입감은 상대적으로 낮게 나타나 향후 이를 보완하기 위한 다각적인 노력이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.