• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

This study examines the effect of sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance comparison on appearance management behavior by adolescents. The study examines the differences of the effect relationships among the three variables according to adolescents' sex and school grade. The questionnaire was administrated to 575 middle school and high school students in Gwangju from September 2-8, 2011. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis by SPSS for WIN program. The results were as follows. First, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance was composed of two factors: internalization and awareness. Adolescent's appearance management behavior was composed of four factors: hair and style, face, weight, and neatness. There are significant differences on sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance management behavior by gender, age (girl/middle, boy/middle, girl/high, boy/high). Second, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance significantly influenced appearance management behavior with significant differences among groups. Third, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance significantly influenced the appearance comparison and there are significant differences among groups. Fourth, appearance comparison significantly influenced appearance management behavior with significant differences among groups. Fifth, the sociocultural attitude toward appearance mediated by appearance comparison statistically did not influence appearance management behavior.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2017

This study analyzes diverse factors in time poverty and quality of life in dual-earner families with preschool children that pertain to the individual, family, and occupation. Data were taken from the 17th edition of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study developed by the Korea Labor Institute in 2014. The sample consists of 826 households who are dual-earner families with preschool children. The major findings are as follows. First, this study identified inadequacies in personal care time for dual-earner families with preschool children. Second, the results show that gender, recognition of gender role, and overall satisfaction of occupation are related to the time poverty of dual-earner families. Men are more likely to experience time poverty than women, and equal recognition of gender role and satisfaction of occupation indicate a negative relation on the time poverty of dual-earner families with preschool children. Last, quality of life in non-time-poor groups is higher than for groups who experience time poverty. Also, health state, earned income, work-family life conflict, and overall satisfaction of occupation are commonly related to quality of life in both groups. The results suggest implications for comprehensive policies to address family time issues.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.91-109
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• 2005

The goal of this research was to determine whether gender differences exist in impact force and impact shock variables at stance phase during a preferred running. Ten male and ten female subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Impact force was quantified by using a surface-mounted force plate. In addition, Axial accelerations of the tibias and mouth were measured using low-mass accelerometers. Comparison of parameters relating to impact force and impact shock which attained from time domain, and impact shock parameters which were analyzed in frequency domain were made between genders. The conclusions based on results were as follows; 1. There were no significantly differences in impact force, mouth and tibia acceleration peak in time domain between two genders. 2. The male group was greater in impact shock peak of PSD(power spectral density) at the tibia than female group(p<.05), but no differences in active impact of PSD at the tibia and the mouth between two genders. 3. Female subjects exhibited that a peak of impact shock attenuation analyzed in frequency domain moved toward a high frequency, but no difference in time domain between two genders.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in young children's multiple intelligence and social behaviors based not only on Montessori and general programs of day care centers but also on their gender and social- demographic factors. The subjects were 329 young children (182 boys and 147 girls aged from four to five) from two day care centers in Cheongju city. The instruments used in this study were HAPI (Hillside assessment of Perceived Intelligence) to measure the surveyee's multiple intelligence and Park & Lee's scale to measure their social behaviors. The frequencies, percentiles, mean, standard deviations, Cronbach a, t-teat, F and LSD were used to analyze the collected data through SPSS WIN program. The results of this study are as follows: 1) As for young children's multiple intelligence, there are differences according to young children's gender, order of birth, parents' level of education and teacher's working period out of social-demographic factors. 2) As for the young children's social behavior, there are differences according to young children's gender, mother's level of education and teacher's working period out of social-demographic factors.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of Intenet diabetes education varied by gender. Method: An experimental group assessed pre- and post intervention was used to assess the effectiveness of diabetes education by nurses. Forty patients separated into two groups by gender partook in the study. The goal of the intervention was to keep blood glucose concentrations close to normal range. The intervention was applied weekly for 3 months. Participants were requested to input their blood glucose level, diet, and exercise diary everyday at http://www.biodang.com by cellular phone or wire Internet. The researcher sent optimal recommendations to each patient using the short message service of cellular phones and wire Internet. All medication adjustments were communicated to the subjects' doctors. The plasma glucose levels, serum lipids, and care satisfaction were measured before and after the intervention. Result: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased 1.6% and 0.8% in male and female patients respectively after 3 months of education. Total cholesterol decreased 37.2mg/dl in male patients but increased 80.5mg/dl in female patients. Conclusion: These findings indicated that Internet diabetes education could improve HbA1c and total cholesterol in male patients.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.46 no.1 s.116
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• pp.33-52
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• 2007

This study is based on the grade 3 National Diagnostic Assessment of Basic Competency(NDABC) in 2005. The purpose of this study is to analyze the results of NDABC by students' gender. It was 19,257 grade 3 students that participated in this study. The average scores are 89.41 and 88.34 for each male and female. The percentage of Below-Basic level for male students is 4.6% and for female 5.6%. The percentage of female students at Below-Basic level is increasing for 3 years. In particular, the percentage of females at Below-Basic level is higher than that of males in the content of measurement, the cognitive domain of reasoning and problem solving, and the situation of real life. The item difficulty for males is lower in fraction, polygon, and right triangle than for females. But female students need to improve the space sense and the problem solving ability in real life. As for the background of students, males think that mathematics is exciting and not difficult in comparison with what females think. And parents of mates are more concerned about children's learning than those of females.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.79-90
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate related factors contributing to subjective health state in elderly people with focus on comparison of gender differences. Method : From the database of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHNES) the year 2012 and 2013, the researchers selected 2,924 old adults aged over 65. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program. Result : Results indicated that education, occupation, restriction of activity, stress, drinking status were significant variables of subjective health state both men and women. But, age, DM, MI, arthritis, smoking status were significant variables of subjective health state of men. And insurance, suicide, HTN, walking exercise were significant variables of subjective health state of women. Conclusion : The development of health and quality of life for elderly people considers different approaches to the genders.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.95-120
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the levels of assets and income of male- and female-headed households. A series of analyses of data from the 2013 Korean Household Finance and Welfare Survey on the economic resources of single-parent households were conducted. One of the major findings was that in a comparison between male-headed households and female-headed households, the levels of assets and income in female-headed households were lower than those in male-headed households. The labor income in male households was almost two times higher than that in female households. Housing conditions with respect to male households were more secure and better than those in female households. The factors influencing the levels of economic resources in single-parent households varied in terms of the type of economic resources. Gender, employment status, family characteristics and household income were statistically significant factors with respect to the levels of assets in single-parent households. The level of household income was influenced by gender, education, employment status and the number of household members. The effect of employment status on housing conditions was significant.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2019

This study was aimed at exploring the differences in time use and time famine among college students ages 18 to 29, with a focus on gender and employment status, and to investigate the determinants of time famine. Data were from the 2014 Time Use Survey by the Korea National Statistical Office. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression were used for the statistical analyses. The major findings are as follows. First, the employed spend significantly more time on work and less time studying than the unemployed, and females spend significantly more time on household work and less time on leisure than males. Second, employed students had higher levels of time famine than unemployed students. Third, irrespective of employment status, the education level of students' parents was identified as a determinant of time famine. Other determinants of time famine were age, job, work, and study time for employed students and gender, income, household work, and leisure time for unemployed students.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

In recognition of the significance of waiting time in restaurant management, a quasi-experimental design was employed to measure the gap between actual and perceived waiting time in a real restaurant setting. In particular, this study focused on a comparison of Americans and Koreans to explore gender and culture differences in customer waiting behaviors. The results indicated that compared to American women, Korean women are more tolerant of waiting, and reported perceived waiting time as much longer than actual waiting time. However, there are no gender differences in both cultures. It is anticipated that managers will be able to adjust their operational strategies based on these results.