• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 2019

Objective : This study aimed to identify the characteristics of hand function according to age and sex in older adults. Methods : This study included 103 healthy adults aged ${\geq}60$ years. The Korean version of TEMPA was used to assess hand function and a Jamar dynamometer and pinch gauge were used to assess hand and pinch strength in all participants. Results : The results of hand function assessment showed that speed of task execution (mean = 121.32 s, SD = 18.07 s in subjects aged 60-69; mean = 144.97 s, SD = 28.43 s in subjects aged 70-79; and mean = 160.93 s, SD = 38.33 s in subjects aged ${\geq}80$, p < .001) and fine movement (mean score = -.14, SD = .40 in subjects aged 60-69; mean score = -.63, SD = 1.07 in subjects aged 70-79; and mean score = -.57, SD = .65 in subjects aged ${\geq}80$, p = .01) decreased significantly with age. The male group showed better speed of task execution (mean = 133.54, SD = 22.83 in males vs. mean = 150.55, SD = 39.89 in females, p < .01) and fine movement (mean score = -.16, SD = .37 in males vs. mean score = -.46, SD = .58 in females, p < .01) than the female group. Hand strength also decreased significantly with age (p < .05, to p < .001). Conclusion : Occupational therapists should be aware of the decline in hand function (especially speed of task execution and fine movement) and strength in older adults, as well as the need to provide interventions to treat this decline.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the strain value exerted on the cervical area using different screw tightening protocols in implant-supported, screw-retained 3-unit prostheses. Materials and methods: Strain gauges were attached to four implants: two external and two internal. Thereafter, two study model were designed each type using acrylic resin. CAD-CAM was used to design hex and nonhex abutments for each group (EH, ENH, IH, and INH group) and Screw-cement-retained prostheses were also designed using a nonprecious base metal. Abutment was fixed with 10 Ncm torque, and the prosthesis was cemented. Screws were fixed with 30 Ncm torque using different three protocols. After 5 min, the strain gauge level was measured, and group analysis was performed (α=.05). Results: External group showed significantly lower strain values than internal group and the EH group showed significantly lower strain values than the ENH group (P<.05). There was no difference in strain value based on the types of screw tightening protocols in same group (P>.05). The IH group exhibited significantly higher strain values than the INH group and the IH group showed a significant difference in strain values based on the types of screw tightening protocols used (P<.05). Conclusion: There was no significant effect on the external type in the implant-supported, screw-retained prostheses. However, strain values were high in the internal type, and the types of screw tightening protocol significantly affected these implants.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.435-441
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing application time of single bottle adhesives (SBA) to microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of dried dentin. To expose the superficial dentin surfaces, human molars were sectioned perpendicular to the long axis of tooth. $32\%$ phosphoric acid gels were applied for 15s and rinsed. The teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups ; S group (Single Bond), O group (One-Step), P group (Prime & Bond NT). Each group was divided to 3 subgroups (W: dentin wipe with wet gauge and light cured immediately, D, dentin dried for 30s and light cured immediately, 30: dentin dried for 30s and light cured after applying SBA for 30s). Composite resin was built up on the dentin surface and sectioned to obtain 20 specimens with $1mm^2$ cross sectional area and the MTBS was measured. For Single Bond, the mean MTBS of S-W and S-30 group were higher than that of S-D group statistically (P<0.05). For One-Step, the mean MTBS of O-D group was statistically lower than that of O-W group (P<0.05). For Prime & Bond NT, the mean MTBS of P-30 group was statistically lower than that of P-D group (P<0.05).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.69-83
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Malvae Semen herbal-acupuncture (MS-HA) at$KI_{10}$($Eumgok$) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats with nephritis induced by LPS, were treated with Malvae Semen herbal-acupuncture(MS-HA) injection at $KI_{10}$. Two control groups, N.P group and Saline group, were treated with 26 gauge needle at $KI_{10}$, 3 times a week. In Saline group, normal saline was injected at $KI_{10}$. To evaluate the effects of Malvae Semen Herbal-acupuncture at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, WBC, Neutrophils in blood, BUN, Creatinine, TNF-a, CINC-1 in serum, urinal volume, creatinine, total protein in urine and renal TNF-a, renal tissue were analyzed. Results : MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced WBC and neutrophil in blood, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum of LPS-stimulated rats. MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced total protein level in urine. MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ reduced accumulation of neutrophil in renal tissue of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : Taken together, MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for nephritis in clinical field.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.51-65
• /
• 2010

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Benincasae Semen Herbal-acupuncture (BS-HA) at KI10 (Umgok) on nephritis induced by LPS in rat. Methods : Rats with nephritis induced by LPS, were treated with Benincasae Semen Herbal-acupuncture(BS-HA) injection at KI10. Two control groups, N.P. group and saline group, were treated with 26 gauge needle at KI10, 3 times a week. In Saline group normal saline was injected at KI10. To evaluate the effects of Benincasae. Semen Herbal-acupuncture at KI10 on nephritis in rats, WBC, Neutrophils in blood, BUN, Creatinine TNF-$\alpha$, CINC-1 in serum, urinal volume and creatinine and Total protein in urine, reanl TNF-$\alpha$, renal MPO were measured and reanl tissue was also analyzed. Results: BS-HA injected at KI10 significantly inhibited WBC and neutrophil in blood. creatinine in serum, and MPO in kidney of LPS-stimulated rats. BS-HA injected at KI10 reduced concentration of neutrophil in renal tissue of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusion : BS-HA at KI10 has a therapeutic effect for nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat There fore, it is suggested that BS-HA at KI10 may be an useful therapeutics in clinical field after further researches.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interface accuracy of computer-assisted designed and manufactured (CAD/CAM) titanium abutments and implant fixture compared to gold-cast UCLA abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS. An external connection implant system (Mark III, n=10) and an internal connection implant system (Replace Select, n=10) were used, 5 of each group were connected to milled titanium abutment and the rest were connected to the gold-cast UCLA abutments. The implant fixture and abutment were tightened to torque of 35 Ncm using a digital torque gauge, and initial detorque values were measured 10 minutes after tightening. To mimic the mastication, a cyclic loading was applied at 14 Hz for one million cycles, with the stress amplitude range being within 0 N to 100 N. After the cyclic loading, detorque values were measured again. The fixture-abutment gaps were measured under a microscope and recorded with an accuracy of ${\pm}0.1{\mu}m$ at 50 points. RESULTS. Initial detorque values of milled abutment were significantly higher than those of cast abutment (P<.05). Detorque values after one million dynamic cyclic loadings were not significantly different (P>.05). After cyclic loading, detorque values of cast abutment increased, but those of milled abutment decreased (P<.05). There was no significant difference of gap dimension between the milled abutment group and the cast abutment group after cyclic loading. CONCLUSION. In conclusion, CAD/CAM milled titanium abutment can be fabricated with sufficient accuracy to permit screw joint stability between abutment and fixture comparable to that of the traditional gold cast UCLA abutment.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.350-357
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. This study aims to evaluate the loosening torque on the implant fixture, and to assess the accuracy of difference electronic torque drivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three electronic torque drivers were used to measure the loosening torque on the implant system (AnyOne; MegaGen). The implant fixtures were divided among the 3 electronic torque driver types (W&H, SAESHIN, and NSK group) and 9 for each group. The screws were fastened at the implant fixture by three electronic torque drivers using the tightening torques recommended by the manufacturers of the drivers. After 10 minutes, the screws were again fastened at the implant fixture with equal torque. Then, the loosening torques were measured with an MGT12 torque gauge (MARK-10, Inc.). This measurement procedure was repeated 10 times under loosening torques of 15 Ncm, 25 Ncm, and 35 Ncm. In the statistical analysis, all values of loosening torque were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05) for comparative evaluation. RESULTS. There were significant inter-group differences at loosening torques of 15 Ncm and 25 Ncm (P<.05). The accuracy of the NSK driver was the highest, followed by SAESHIN and W&H. There was no significant difference between NSK and W&H at 35 Ncm (P>.05). The SAESHIN driver showed the closest loosening torque at 35 Ncm. CONCLUSION. The most accurate loosening torques were SAESHIN at 35 Ncm, and NSK at 15 Ncm and 25 Ncm. Since the loosening torque may vary depending on the tightening torques and electronic torque drivers, periodic calibration of the electronic torque driver is recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.769-779
• /
• 2007

Statement of problem. When TiN coating is applied to the abutment screw, occurrence of greater preload and prevention of the screw loosening could be expected due to decrease of frictional resistance. However, the proper thickness of TiN coating on abutment screw has not been yet reported. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to find out the appropriate TiN coating thickness by evaluating the detorque force and the surface change of titanium abutment screw with various TiN coating thickness. Material and methods. 1. Material Thirty five non-coated abutment screws were prepared for TiN coating. TiN coatings were prepared by Arc ion plating method. Depending on the coating deposition time(CDT), experimental groups were divided into 6 groups(CDT 30min, 60min, 90min, 120min, 150min, 180min) and those of 1 group was not coated as a control group. Each group was made up of 5 abutment screws. 2. Methods FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscoper) and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) were used to observe the surface of the abutment screw. Electric scales was used to measure the weight of the abutment screw after the repeated closing and opening of 10 trials. Detorque force was measured with digital torque gauge, at each trial. Results. 1. As the coating deposition time increased, the surface became more consistent and smooth. 2. As for the abutment screws that were TiN coated for more than 60 minutes, no surface change was found after the repeated closing and opening. 3. The TiN coated abutment screws showed less weight change than the non-coated abutment screws. 4. The TiN coated abutment screws showed higher mean detorque force than the noncoated abutment screws. 5. The abutment screw coated for 60 minutes showed the highest mean detorque force. Conclusion. The coating layer of proper thickness is demanded to obtain consistent and smooth coating surface, resistance to wear, and increased detorque force of the abutment screw. In conclusion, the coating deposition time of 60 minutes indicated improved mechanical property, when TiN coating was conducted on titanium abutment screw.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the effective volume of the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science free air chamber (KRISS FAC) L1 used for the primary standard device of the low-energy X-ray air kerma. Methods: The mechanical dimensions were measured using a 3-dimensional coordinate measuring machine (3-d CMM, Model UMM 500, Carl Zeiss). The diameter of the diaphragm was measured by a ring gauge calibrator (Model KRISS-DM1, KRISS). The elongation of the collector length due to electric field distortion was determined from the capacitance measurement of the KRISS FAC considering the result of the finite element method (FEM) analysis using the code QuickField v6.4. Results: The measured length of the collector was 15.8003±0.0014 mm with a 68% confidence level (k=1). The aperture diameter of the diaphragm was 10.0021±0.0002 mm (k=1). The mechanical measurement volume of the KRISS FAC L1 was 1.2415±0.0006 cm³ (k=1). The elongated length of the collector due to the electric field distortion was 0.170±0.021 mm. Considering the elongated length, the effective measurement volume of the KRISS FAC L1 was 1.2548±0.0019 cm³(k=1). Conclusions: The effective volume of the KRISS FAC L1 was determined from the mechanically measured value by adding the elongated volume due to the electric field distortion in the FAC. The effective volume will replace the existing mechanically determined volume in establishing and maintaining the primary standard of the low-energy X-ray.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2008

Statement of problem: It is difficult about assessing the loosening tendency of conical connection type implant after cyclic loading with diamond like carbon coating one-piece abutments, and also about the retightening effect. Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the influence of one-piece abutment screw retightening after $5.0{\times}10^{4}$ cyclic loading and Diamond like coating Material and methods: Thirty two ITI implant were divided to 4 groups. Group 1,3-titanium abutment, group 2,4 - diamond like carbon coated abutment. Group 1,2 - $20.0{\times}10^{4}$ cyclic loading after $5.0{\times}10^{4}$ cyclic loading, Group 3,4- after $20.0{\times}10^{4}$ Cyclic loading. After cyclic loading, periotest values were taken and removal torque values of abutments were measured with a digital torque gauge. Results: 1. The removal torque of group 2 after $5.0{\times}10^{4}$ cyclic loading is slightly greater than the other groups but not significantly higher than others (P>0.05). 2. The final removal torque values after $20.0{\times}10^{4}$ cyclic loading of group 1 is bigger than group 3, and group 2 is bigger than group 4, but not significantly higher (P>0.05). 3. The final removal torque values after $20.0{\times}10^{4}$ cyclic loading of all groups are not significantly different (P>0.05).