• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2004

Purpose: We reported our preliminary result in 2001. At that time, the follow-up period was too short to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer without serosal invasion. Therefore, we followed those patients for 66 months to determine the long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the recurrence pattern, the survival rate, and the disease-specific survival of 135 patients by reviewing their medical records and calling the patients or their relatives. All enrolled patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy. Results: The follow-up rate was $89.6\%$ (121/135), and the median follow-up duration was 66 months. Among the 135 patients, 4 relapsed in group 1 (5-FU+cisplatin), 7 in group 2 (mitomycin C+oral 5-FU), and 6 in group 3 (oral 5-FU only). The overall survival rate was $89\%$ in group 1, $84\%$ in group 2, and $82\%$ in group 3. There were no differences in the overall survival rates and the disease-specific survival rates among the three groups. Conclusion: Oral chemotherapeutic agents have an acceptable effect for adjuvant chemotherapy compared with intravenous agent. However, a large-scale, prospective, randomized study, including a control group, is needed for an exact evaluation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2012

In the present study, we examined whether four grains including adlay (AD), buckwheat (BW), glutinous barley (GB), and white rice (WR) affect the duration of food residence in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic enzyme activities in rats fed different combinations of the grains. The rats were raised for 4 weeks on a high fat diet based on the American Institute of Nutrition-93 (AIN-93G) diets containing 1% cholesterol and 20% dietary lipids. Forty male rats were divided into four groups and raised for 4 weeks with a diet containing one of the grains. Corresponding to the dietary fiber contents of the experimental grains, gut transit time was shortest in the rats fed GB and increased in the order of BW, AD, and WR. In addition, the accumulated shortest transit time occurred in the GB group. Gut transit time affected weight gain and major organ weight, as it was closely related to the absorption of nutrients. The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in liver was higher in rats fed WR, AD, BW, and GB, indicating that the other grains decreased oxidative stress in vivo more than WR. Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase levels in the AD, BW, and GB groups were significantly higher than those in the WR group. In conclusion, reduced colonic transit time has been implicated in reducing the incidence of colon cancer, as evidenced by populations consuming diets rich in fiber. Whole grains such as AD, BW, and GB may contribute to a significant supply of antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress if they are consumed in large amounts.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2014

Objectives : Gwakhyangjeonggi-san (GJS) which consists of 13 herbal medicines has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders caused by common cold. This study was performed to compare GJS decoctions produced using different pressure levels for various extraction times. Methods : Decoctions were prepared by the pressure levels of $0kgf/cm^2$ (non-pressurized) or $1kgf/cm^2$ (pressurized) for 30-180 min. The extraction yield, total soluble solid content (TSSC), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) were measured, and the contents of the nine marker compounds were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Results : The higher pressure and longer extraction time significantly increased TSSC value, while decreased the pH value. However, only extraction time affected the extraction yield of pressurized decoction. Variation of the amounts of chemical compounds was shown in pressurized and non-pressurized decoctions during extraction time. The result of regression analysis showed that pressure and extraction time can influence to extraction yield, TSSC, pH, and the content of chemical compounds. Conclusions : This study suggests that the pressure and extraction time can significantly affect the extraction efficiency of components from GJS decoctions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.279-281
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• 2004

Behest's disease is manifested as ulcers present in oral cavity, on external genital organ, orbital area, and skin. This disease could also cause other symptoms by invading the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, central nervous system, and urogenital system. It is very rare for Behcet's disease to be accompanied by carotid artery aneurysm and intestinal perforation. We report a patient with Behcet's disease, who is diagnosed with symptoms and pathological findings as haying carotid artery aneurysm and intestinal perforation at the same time. The patient underwent operation for the aneurysm and the intestinal perforation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1594-1599
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• 2008

Migraine is a very common unilateral and throbbing headache, and a chronic relapsing and remitting disorder characterised by neurological, gastrointestinal, and autonomic changes. It has a high prevalence, often recurs at the time of being in full activity of life, and has a serious impact on patients personally and socially. So we need to develop a oriental medicine for migraine. I have treated two migraine patients using Zhuapiandutongbang (Zuopiantoutongfang) of Dongyibogam. The impression of first case is migraine with aura, and that of second case is probable migraine. We just give Zhuapiandutongbang (Zuopiantoutongfang)'s medicine to two patients, but don't apply acupucture and anything to treat. We reported that Zhuapiandutongbang (Zuopiantoutongfang) has a good effect on not only the improvement of symptoms but also the prevention of relapse.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2010

Ketoprofen is one of the propionic acid class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic effects. The most common side effects from ketoprofen after oral administration are gastrointestinal irritation, diarrhea, abdominal pain and retention of fluid. Ketoprofen was formulated as water-soluble gels to reduce these side effects. To increase the skin permeability of ketoprofen, microsphere containing ketoprofen was prepared with chitosan and ploy-$\varepsilon$-caprolactone. And then prepared microsphere was manufactured as an adhesive hydrogel with polyvinylpyrrolidone K-25, polyethylene glycol 4000, and various permeation enhancers. The flux and permeability of ketoprofen were evaluated. As the concentration of tween 80 and enhancers increased, the flux of ketroprofen was accelerated. Also the permeation rate was facilitated by enhancers, but did not affect the lag time. From these results, the adhesive hydrogel using microsphere could be a good delivery system for ketoprofen to improve the skin permeation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1997

DA-5018(N-(3-(3, 4-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenylacetamide) is a new capsaicin derivative under development as topical analgesic agent. The general pharmacological properties of DA-5018 on central nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other organ systems were studied in experimental animals. DA-5018 cream (0.3%) had no effects on behavior, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, body temperature, spontaneous activity, blood pressure, heart rate, intestinal charcoal propulsion, urine volume and electrolyte excretion even at a high dose of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In addition, DA-5Ol8 cream had little skin irritation compared to Zostrix-HP (capsaicin, 0.075%) cream in rabbits. In isolated guinea pig tissue studies, DA-5018 increased the contractility of trachea and ileum and also increased sinus rate of atrium in a range of 10^{-8}-10^{-5}$$ M, but its efficacy as a agonist was weak. These results suggest that DA-5018 cream might be used topically without serious side effects.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1994

In order to reduce the systemic side effects and gastrointestinal irritation of ketoprofen after its oral administration, it was formulated as a 3% ketoprofen gel (ID-GEL) with Pluronic F-127. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ID-GEL was evaluated following its transdermal application on the dorsal skin of rats at the dose of 9 mg/kg in reference to those of existing 3% ketoprofen gels. Even though the maximum concentration of 810 ng/ml was reached at 6 hrs postdose, the plasma concentration was kept almost constant until 24 hrs postdose, which suggested that ketoprofen was released continuously from the gel during this period. The bioavailability of ID-GEL was two times higher than those of existing 3% ketoprofen gels, based on the calculated area under the plasma concentration-time curves after the percutaneous administration.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2002

In this study general pharmacological profiles of KI-60606 on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system and the other organs were investigated. The dosages given were 0,5, 10 and 25 mg/kg and drugs were administered intravenously. The animals used for this study were mice, rats, cats and guinea pigs. KI-60606 showed no effects on general behavior, motor coordination, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital-induced hypnosis time, body temperature, analgesic activity, anticonvulsant activity and contraction of nictitating membrane in cats. Furthermore KI-60606 showed no effects on blood pressure, heart rate, LVP (left ventricular peak systolic pressure), LVEDP (left ventricular end diastolic pressure), LVDP (left ventricular developing pressure), DP(double product), CFR(coronary flow rate), smooth muscle contraction using guinea pig ileum and gastric secretion at all dosage tested except the increase of gastrointestinal transport and urinary $K^+$ excretion.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.129-132
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• 1987

Two cases of bleeding Meckel's diverticulum diagnosed by $^{99m}$Technetium-pertechnetate scanning are presented. $^{99m}TC$-pertechnetate was used in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum by Jewette et al. in 1970 for the first time. The affinity of this isotope for the parietal cell of the gastric mucosa makes it ideal for delineating ectopic gastric tissue. Its noninvasiveness can be used in early screening test for occult gastrointestinal bleeding in pediatric age group.