• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.857-869
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate whether rats with non-obstructive antral dilation could be a useful tool resembling functional dyspeptic patients. We also investigated the effect of Bojoongikki-tang (BJ), and Youngkaechulgam-tang (YK) in antral dilated rats. Methods : Non-obstructive antral dilation was performed by first wrapping a non-absorbable rubber ring (D:6mm, W:4mm, T:1mm) around the 1st portion of the duodenum causing pyloric obstruction (PO). After 12 weeks, except for some PO group rats used for the control, the rubber ring was removed by performing another operation. The antral dilated rats (AD) were then divided into three groups, a non-treatment group (AD-NT), and two herbal medicine groups each given an extract solution containing 125 mg/kg of Youngkaechulgam-tang (AD-YK) or Bojoongikki-tang (AD-BJ) for 4 weeks. Then gastric contractility was evaluated by bowel sound measurement, and afterwards the changes of the weight, and morphologic changes of the stomach were evaluated for each group including the normal intact group (NI). Results : Loss of weight and enlargement of the stomach surface area was seen in the PO group. Decrease of gastric motility index was observed in the AD-NT group, while the increased surface area of the stomach was not significantly different from the PO group. Youngkaechulgam-tang seemed to increase gastric contraction, whereas Bojoongikki-tang showed no effect. Weight gain of rats was observed in both the AD-YK and AD-BJ groups, but there seemed to be no change of the dilated stomach surface area. Conclusions : The non-obstructive antral dilated rat seems to be an experimental pathologic model that reflects the gastric dysmotility similar to functional dyspeptic patients with antral dilation. Therefore patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia with antral function disorders should be treated efficiently. As Youngkaechulgam-tang is shown to increase both gastric contraction and weight in antral dilated rats, it may be used for treating functional dyspepsia. However, Bojoongikki-tang should be used with caution in patients with gastric dysmotility.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.351-354
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• 2018

Congenital antral webs are a rare but relevant cause of gastric outlet obstruction in infants and children. The condition may lead to feeding refusal, vomiting, and poor growth. Due to the relative rarity of the disease, cases of congenital antral web are frequently misdiagnosed or diagnosed with significant delay as physicians favorably pursue diagnoses of pyloric stenosis and gastric ulcer disease, which are more prevalent. We report a case of an eight-month-old female who presented with persistent non-bilious emesis, feeding difficulties, and failure to thrive and was discovered to have an antral web. The web was successfully treated with endoscopic balloon dilation, which resolved her symptoms. Two years later, the patient remains asymptomatic and is thriving with weight at the 75th percentile for her age.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 1998

Adriamycin is a one of anthracyclin antibiotics isolated from the culture media of Streptomyces peucetius var casius. The formation of reactive oxygen metabolite by redox cycling during the metabolism and the inhibition of DNA synthesis results in antineoplastic effects of adriamycin. The authors have demonstrated the effects of SOD(superoxide dismutase) or DMTU (dimethyl thiourea), which are used as an antioxidant, on the ultrastructural changes of the gastric chief cells after the administration of adriamycin in the rat. Adriamycin (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to the Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 220 gm and SOD (15000 unit/kg) or DMTU (500 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally to the rats 30 minutes after the administration of adriamycin. The gastric chief cells 24, 48 and 72 hours after the administration of adriamycin were observed with Hitachi-600 electron microscope. The results were as follows. 1. SOD or DMTU alone did not affect the ultra structures of the gastric chief cells in the rat. 2. Dilation, sacculation and segmentation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilation of the saccules of Golgi complex and dilated mitochondria with electron lucent matrix were seen in the adriamycin treated rats. In the course of time, the ultrastructures of the chief cell changed markedly. 72 hours after drug administration, severely dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, with clumping of chromatin around the nuclear envelope and mitochondria with electron lucent matrix and dilated cristae were seen in the chief cell. 3. The treatment of SOD is more effective than DMTU to attenuated the ultrastructural changes of the chief cells in the adriamycin administered rat. Consequently it is suggested that adriamycin would induce the degenerative changes of the organelles of the chief cell. The treatment of SOD is more effective than DMTU to attenuate the adriamycin induced damage.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.370-373
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• 2015

A 10-year-old, intact female, Maltese dog was presented with a two weeks history of vomiting, anorexia and weight loss. Hematologic analysis revealed mild leukocytosis and increased liver enzyme. Gaseous dilation of small intestine and hyperechoic nodules of hepatic lobes were revealed on the imaging studies. Liver biopsy was performed through laparotomy and histopathologic results revealed liver cirrhosis with precancerous lesions. Two days later, endoscopy was performed and histopathologic results of the specimens taken by endoscopic biopsy showed gastric adenoma. The gastric surgery was not performed by the owner's request. The patient died after 60 days of diagnosis of gastric adenoma. This case describes clinical features, imaging studies, endoscopic features and histopathologic characteristics of gastric adenoma in a Maltese dog.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2007

In order to differentiate the gastric tubular dilatation of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, from an atrophic change, a series of histological studies was carried out for normal gastric gland, naturally occurring and histamine-induced dilated glandular tubules. Normal glandular tubules were histologically quite similar to those already reported from other fish species. Naturally occurring, dilated gastric glandular tubules had the epithelial characteristics suffering from atrophy under light microscope, which was also the case in the histamine-induced gastric gland. But on semi-thin sections the area corresponding to the empty space of dilated lumina were actually shadowed with relatively bright area. Under transmission electron microscope this brightly shadowed area turned out to be an area tightly packed with abundant, slender cytoplasmic processes in both cases. These results strongly suggested that the dilative gastric glandular tubules under light microscope might be a morphological change indicating increased glandular activity rather than a pathologic atrophic change.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.229-232
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• 2007

A 7-year-old Shih Tzu cross dog was presented for severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting and anorexia. Laboratory tests revealed mild anemia and hypoproteinemia. Abdominal survey radiography revealed marked gastric distension and large circular foreign body in the gastric pylorus. The foreign body was removed using a videoendoscope, fishing line and retrieval forceps. The dog's clinical signs resolved following foreign body removal.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

Purpose: Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (chief cell predominant type) (GA-FG-CCP) was first reported as a rare adenocarcinoma found in the normal fundic mucosa. Recent studies have proposed the possibility that GA-FG-CCPs were also generated in the atrophic mucosa after Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication therapy. However, little is known on the endoscopic findings of GA-FG-CCP generated in the atrophic mucosa due to its extreme rarity. Materials and Methods: A total of 8 patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal resection and were diagnosed with GA-FG-CCP generated in the HP-uninfected mucosa (4 cases, HP-uninfected group) or HP-eradicated atrophic mucosa (4 cases, HP-eradicated group) were retrospectively analyzed, and their endoscopic findings, including magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (M-NBI), and pathological features were compared. Results: While GA-FG-CCPs in the 2 groups displayed similar macroscopic appearance, M-NBI demonstrated that characteristic microvessels (tapered microvessels like withered branches) were specifically identified in the HP-eradicated group. Pathological investigation revealed that a decreasing number of fundic glands and thinned foveolar epithelium covering tumor ducts were thought to lower the thickness of the covering layer over tumor ducts in the HP-eradicated group. Moreover, dilation of vessels just under the surface of the lesions contributed to the visualization of microvessels by M-NBI. Conclusions: The change in background mucosa due to HP infection influenced the thickness of the covering layer over the tumor ducts and M-NBI finding of GA-FG-CCP.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2017

Purpose: Different esophagojejunostomy (EJ) reconstruction methods are used after totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG), and none is considered a standard technique. This report describes a 2-layer hand-sewn EJ technique during TLTG; we also evaluated postoperative morbidity associated with this technique. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who underwent TLTG for gastric cancer (GC) from 2012 to 2016 at 2 affiliated teaching hospitals. All participating surgeons performed standardized intracorporeal 2-layer hand-sewn EJ. Results: We included 51 patients who underwent TLTG for GC and standardized EJ anastomosis. Twenty-seven (53%) were male, and the median age was 60 (36-87) years. The average operative time was $337{\pm}71minutes$ and intraoperative bleeding was $160{\pm}107mL$. There were no open conversions related to EJ. Postoperative morbidity was observed in 9 (17.0%) patients. There was no postoperative mortality. EJ leakage was observed in 2 patients (3.8%) and 1 patient (1.9%) developed EJ stenosis. Patients with leakage were managed non-operatively and the patient with stenosis required endoscopic dilation. The median length of hospital stay was 8 (6-29) days. Conclusions: Two-layer hand-sewn EJ during TLTG for GC is a feasible and safe technique. This method avoids a laparotomy for reconstruction and the disadvantages associated with laparoscopic introduction of mechanical staplers for EJ, and provides an alternative for alimentary tract reconstruction after TLTG.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.300-311
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• 2022

Purpose: Dysphagia, vomiting and feeding difficulties are common symptoms, with which children present. Esophageal function testing with high resolution manometry can help in diagnosing and treating these patients. We aim to access the clinical utility of high-resolution manometry of esophagus in symptomatic pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done on all symptomatic patients who underwent esophageal high-resolution manometry between 2010 and 2019 at Sydney Children's Hospital, Australia. Manometry results were categorized based on Chicago classification. Demographic data, indication of procedure, manometric findings, and details of treatment changes were obtained and analyzed. Results: There were 62 patients with median age of 10 years (9 months-18 years). The main indication for the procedure was dysphagia (56%). Thirty-two percent of patients had a co-morbid condition, with esophageal atresia accounting for 16%. The majority (77%) of patients had abnormal manometry which included, ineffective esophageal motility in 45.2%. In esophageal atresia cohort, esophageal pressurization was seen in 50%, aperistalsis in 40% and 10% with prior fundoplication had esophago-gastric junction obstruction. Patients with esophago-gastric junction obstruction or achalasia were treated by either pneumatic dilation or Heller's myotomy. Patients with ineffective esophageal motility and rumination were treated with a trial of prokinetics/dietary texture modification and diaphragmatic breathing. Conclusion: Esophageal high-resolution manometry has a role in the evaluation of symptomatic pediatric patients. The majority of our patients had abnormal results which led to change in treatments, with either medication, surgery and/or feeding modification with resultant improvement in symptoms.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.371-374
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• 2006

A 4-month-old, intact male, Tosa with a history of a regurgitation, vomiting, and weight loss for three weeks was presented to Animal Medical Center, Chonbuk National University. In Serial plain radiographs, a severely distended stomach was seen and ultrasonogram revealed a nonfunctional pylorus with normal layer comparable with an obstruction of pyloric region by pyloric achalasia. An esophagram and endoscopy revealed normal peristalsis with failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to open, supporting the diagnosis of esophageal achalasia. Megaesophagus was observed on reradiograph and esophagram 11 days later. The clinical signs and esophageal dilation were resolved without resorting to any treatment.