• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the preferences of kitchen environment for stroke patients. Methods : The subjects of this study were 97 who have experience in rehabilitation therapy at hospitals in Busan. A questionnaire was distributed and collected from February 24th to March 13th, 2014. Descriptive statistics of frequency Study were used to analyze data. Results : First, the subjects demand for improvement that use a chair for work and install non-slip tiles. Second, they preferred the non-slip mat, boilers in heating equipment, drawer storage, L-shaped safety handle, adjustable sink of the height, automatic cutout of gas leak, faucet of touch-sensitive type, ㄷ-shaped kitchen and the ceiling-type hood in ventilation system. Third, they need kitchen items such as the sink self coming down, scissors for slices and knife to avoid hand injury. Conclusion : This study would contribute to kitchen environment for fall prevention and ease in use.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.293-321
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• 2012

This study aims to examine how institutions has been formed to deepen interdependence and to keep check in trade on the border regions of East Sea Rim between the macro structure and micro behaviors. The transitional nations such as China, Russia, and North Korea adjacent to the East Sea Rim exhibits unique characteristics in terms of transaction governance structure. While the regional economy in northeast China is still overwhelmed by the stated-owned enterprises(SOEs), it strongly encourages the private economic trade to form institutional economy through the border trade port and peddler trade market. Thus trade is shaped by the mixed governance. In far east Russia, whereas the SOEs are in charge of exporting oil, gas etc., private firms and small scale traders are importing household items, so that it can also be called as the mixed governance, while informal social networks simultaneously work. In North Korea, for the trade, since the firms are mainly required to have the permits from the different levels of government, it is regarded as the hierarchical governance. The institutional economics seems to well explain the changing agencies and their influence on the trade among the regions in the East Sea Rim.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.581-584
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• 2009

Recently, the cameras which used for observation are installed in children protection area and local crime prevention area in order to protect life and property and by its work being recognized and are installed more. Normal cameras have cost problem to observe multiple area and detail, because they can observe only one place. PTZ camera can observe multiple area by moving focus by schedule or remote control, but it can't automatically move the focus of it to the place where event occurred, because it can't recognize the place. In this study, we can monitor multiple area effectively, by installing a wireless sensor node equipped with temperature, lighting, gas and human detection sensor to each area, to monitor many place low-price and actively and to move the focus of PTZ camera to preset position, and send recorded video to the user, when the various sensor data received from wireless sensors in observation area are to be determined abnormal by analyzing. In addition, at night we can record a scene using infrared, but to reduce power consumption of lighting system which are installed to improve resolution, it supplies power to the lighting system when event occurred. So we were able to implement low power green monitoring system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2016

Background: Workers in pesticide manufacturing industries are constantly exposed to pesticides. Genetic biomonitoring provides an early identification of potential cancer and genetic diseases in exposed populations. The objectives of this biomonitoring study were to assess DNA damage through comet assay in blood samples collected from industry workers and compare these results with those of classical analytical techniques used for complete blood count analysis. Methods: Samples from controls (n = 20) and exposed workers (n = 38) from an industrial area in Multan, Pakistan, were subjected to various tests. Malathion residues in blood samples were measured by gas chromatography. Results: The exposed workers who were employed in the pesticide manufacturing industry for a longer period (i.e., 13-25 years) had significantly higher DNA tail length ($7.04{\mu}m$) than the controls ($0.94{\mu}m$). Workers in the exposed group also had higher white blood cell and red blood cell counts, and lower levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, and mean corpuscular volume in comparison with normal levels for these parameters. Malathion was not detected in the control group. However, in the exposed group, 72% of whole blood samples had malathion with a mean value of 0.14 mg/L (range 0.01-0.31 mg/L). Conclusion: We found a strong correlation ($R^2=0.91$) between DNA damage in terms of tail length and malathion concentration in blood. Intensive efforts and trainings are thus required to build awareness about safety practices and to change industrial workers' attitude to prevent harmful environmental and anthropogenic effects.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.3367-3378
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• 2021

The design phase and safety assessment of Generation IV liquid metal-cooled fast reactors calls for the improvement of fuel pin performance codes, in particular the enhancement of their predictive capabilities towards uranium-plutonium mixed oxide fuels and stainless-steel cladding under irradiation in fast reactor environments. To this end, the current capabilities of fuel performance codes must be critically assessed against experimental data from available irradiation experiments. This work is devoted to the assessment of three European fuel performance codes, namely GERMINAL, MACROS and TRANSURANUS, against the irradiation of two fuel pins selected from the SUPERFACT-1 experimental campaign. The pins are characterized by a low enrichment (~ 2 wt.%) of minor actinides (neptunium and americium) in the fuel, and by plutonium content and cladding material in line with design choices envisaged for liquid metal-cooled Generation IV reactor fuels. The predictions of the codes are compared to several experimental measurements, allowing the identification of the current code capabilities in predicting fuel restructuring, cladding deformation, redistribution of actinides and volatile fission products. The integral assessment against experimental data is complemented by a code-to-code benchmark focused on the evolution of quantities of engineering interest over time. The benchmark analysis points out the differences in the code predictions of fuel central temperature, fuel-cladding gap width, cladding outer radius, pin internal pressure and fission gas release and suggests potential modelling development paths towards an improved description of the fuel pin behaviour in fast reactor irradiation conditions.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Recently, there has been an increasing number of ground subsidence (sink-hole) in the downtown areas, and in such a case, it is important to minimize accidents and passages through prompt recovery. With respect to the present recovery method for ground subsidence, the methods of applying the back filling after excavating the ground subsidence or using the grouting injected materials to restore the ground are mostly used, but there has been few studies on materials used for recovering the ground subsidence. Therefore, in order to clarify the characteristics of back filling materials used in the ground subsidence, this study uses the environment-friendly hardening agent to improve the dredged clay, and then, the mixture ratio of hardening agent and mixture ratio of decomposed granite soil is changed to cure for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days to analyze the intensity characteristics of the unconfined compression, and it was compared with the unconfined compression intensity for the previously used cement, a hardening agent. In order to evaluate the characteristics of intensity on the back filling materials, the C.B.R test was carried out, and for the review on whether the back filling materials influence on corrosion of water and sewer pipes and others, the soil non-resistance test was carried out. As a result of the test, for the case of the recovery work of the ground subsidence that requires urgency, it is considered as prudent if the hardening agents of 12% are integrated to cure for 3 days or longer, and for not having the influence on the corrosion of the gas tube or water pipes, it is proposed to mix for 30% or more of the decomposed granite soil. Door model test were conducted To confirm the bearing capacity characteristics of the solidified layer.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.301-312
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• 2018

In industrial wireless sensor networks, the continuous object detection such as fire or toxic gas detection is one of major applications. A continuous object occurs at a specific point and then diffuses over a wide area. Therefore, many studies have focused on accurately detecting a continuous object and delivering data to a static sink with an energy-efficient way. Recently, some applications such as fire suppression require mobile sinks to provide real-time response. However, the sink mobility support in continuous object detection brings challenging issues. The existing approaches supporting sink mobility are designed for individual object detection, so they establish one-to-one communication between a source and a mobile sink for location update. But these approaches are not appropriate for a continuous object detection since a mobile sink should establish one-to-many communication with all sources. The one-to-many communication increases energy consumption and thus shortens the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose the origin-centric communication scheme to support sink mobility in a continuous object detection. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme surpasses all the other work in terms of energy consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.41-49
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• 2019

Livestock manure is a significant source for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, and a huge amount of GHG emission is generated during its storage. In the present work, lowering temperature was attempted to mitigate methane ($CH_4$) emission from cattle manure (CM) with high solid content. CM was stored for 60 d at $15-35^{\circ}C$ ($5^{\circ}C$ interval). $CH_4$ emission reached $63.6{\pm}3.6kg\;CO_2\;eq./ton\;CM$ at $35^{\circ}C$, which was reduced to $51.6{\pm}1.8$, $24.1{\pm}4.4$, $14.9{\pm}0.5$, and $3.7{\pm}0.1kg\;CO_2\;eq./ton\;CM$ at 30, 25, 20, and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively. After storage, 30% of COD reduction was observed in the CM stored at $35^{\circ}C$, while the COD removal decreased to only 6% at $15^{\circ}C$. It was found that only 3-11% of COD removal was done by anaerobic process, while the rest of COD removal was done by aerobic biological process. Methanobrevibacter and Methanolobus were found to be the dominant species in the CM, and the dominance of Methanolobus psychrophilus increased at lower storage temperature. Specific methanogenic activity test results showed that the inhibition by low temperature was temporal.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2019

As solve the shortage problems of storage space for exhibition facilities, the South Korean government is establishing plans to expand storage space for exhibition facilities. From a medium- to long-term perspective, an energy-efficient storage space for exhibition facility is needed to implement efficient state budget execution and achieve national greenhouse gas reduction goals. In this regard, this study analyzed the energy consumption of storage space for exhibition facilities according to the use of absorption materials. To this end, a case study was conducted on 12 storage spaces for exhibition facilities in South Korea. Compared to the storage space using the absorption material, the storage space without using the absorption material showed an increase in HVAC system operation time by 47.50% during summer periods and 58.85% in non-summer periods. In particular, the analysis found that in the case of storage for 'H' exhibition facility, the energy cost was reduced by 2,721,700 won/year after remodeling work using the absorption material. It is expected that the findings of this study can help the government and the person in charge from construction companies to construct energy-efficient storage space room for exhibition facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.468-475
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• 2019

An end-line flame arrester allows free venting in combination with flame protection for vertical vent applications. End-line flame arresters are employed in various fields, especially in shipping. In flame arresters, springs are essential parts because the spring load and the spring's elasticity determine the hood opening moment. In addition, the spring has to work under a high-temperature condition because of the burning gas flame. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the mechanical load and elasticity of the spring when the flame starts to appear. Based on simulations of the working process of a specific end-line flame arrester, a thermal and structural analysis of the spring is performed. A three-dimensional model of a burned spring is built using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Results of the CFD analysis are input into a finite element method simulation to analyze the spring structure. The research team focused on three cases of spring loads: 43, 93, and 56 kg, correspondingly, at 150 mm of spring deflection. Consequently, the spring load was reduced by 10 kg after 5 min under a $1,000^{\circ}C$ heat condition. The simulation results can be used to predict and estimate the spring's load and elasticity at the burning time variation. Moreover, the obtained outcome can provide the industry with references to optimize the design of the spring as well as that of the flame arrester.