• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.289-297
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• 2016

In this study, we researched the emission source category and it was calculated emissions estimates from existing research or literature review related to port. In addition, we have created the basis for a policy that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions calculation based on the results of the harbor. Greenhouse gas emissions estimation results, we proposed a method for allocating the GIS space. In this study, we confirmed based on the calculated greenhouse gas emissions by sources resulting in the GIS Map Port result of the expression construct for space allocation. Based on these results, it tries to provide the basic data that can be used when you want to create a local government measures to reduce scenario in the future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1251-1259
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• 2014

This study presents the linkage method combining the existing Port Management Information System (PORT-MIS) DB with the scattered vessel activity data sets including the hotelling and maneuvering characteristics and specification information of the vessels arriving and departing from the port of Busan from January 2009 to June 2010. By linking the data sets, this study made three types of vessel activity databases: L-PORT-MIS DB with low-level vessel activities, M-PORT-MIS DB with medium-level vessel activities such as hotelling time, H-PORT-MIS DB with high-level vessel activities such as hotelling time, engine power, etc. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions estimation results show that total GHG emissions decreases when the detailed vessel activities are employed. This decrease in the total GHG emissions by the level of vessel activities implies that the GHG emissions from the low and medium level vessel activities are overestimated due to the aggregated hotelling/maneuvering times and speeds resulting from the past vessel specifications. Therefore, the GHG emissions using the H-PORT-MIS DB are more reliable GHG emission estimates in that the vessel specifications and the observed hotelling time of each vessel are employed in the estimation process. Hence, the high-level vessel activity dataset should be constructed to implement more suitable countermeasures for reducing the GHG emissions in the port of Busan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.415-416
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• 2011

As the has been brought out in 1997, many ports pay attention to greenhouse gas emission reduction and try to develop the port as an Green Port. The purpose of this paper is to establish the activities priority for Green Port construction and analysis its efficiency for the port competition. First of all, the activities for Green Port is introduced and showed its characteristics. To analysis these effectiveness for Green Port, the questionnaire survey is done by considering the opinion of port specialists. And by using AHP analysis method, the priority between the port activities is obtained and its effect for Green Port is taken by considering port competitiveness.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.314-319
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• 2005

In this study, the combustion characteristics were investigated with the variation of design factors on multiple slit gas burner. The design factors consist of slit height, width, spacing, and inner length. The combustion characteristics were made analysis of the CO emission and NOx emission by using CO analyzer and NOx analyzer. The lower perimeter to area and the narrow spacing extends the lift-flame limit. The CO emission increases with the increasing perimeter to area ratio at the same condition. The NOx emission is found to be less significant with the port perimeter to area ratio. The flame interference might highly depend on the spacing and port perimeter to area ratio, and it also affects the burner performance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.373-377
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• 2022

Currently, robot-assisted latissimus dorsi muscle flap (RLDF) surgery is used in treating patients with Poland syndrome and for breast reconstruction. However, conventional RLDF surgery has several inherent issues. We resolved the existing problems of the conventional system by introducing the da Vinci single-port system in patients with Poland syndrome. Overall, three patients underwent RLDF surgery using the da Vinci single-port system with gas insufflation. In the female patient, after performing RLDF with silicone implant, augmentation mammoplasty was also performed on the contralateral side. Both surgeries were performed as single-port robotic-assisted surgery through the transaxillary approach. The mean operating time was 449 (335-480) minutes; 8.67 (4-14) minutes were required for docking and 59 (52-67) minutes for robotic dissection and LD harvesting. No patients had perioperative complication and postoperative problems related to gas inflation. The single-port robot-assisted surgical system overcomes the drawbacks of previous robotic surgery in patients with Poland syndrome, significantly shortens the procedure time of robotic surgery, has superior cosmetic outcomes in a surgical scar, and improves the operator's convenience. Furthermore, concurrent application to another surgery demonstrates the possibility in the broad application of the robotic single-port surgical system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

LNG is being spotlighted as a clean marine fuel because of recent trend in reinforcement of marine environmental regulation. In this paper, demand prospect of LNG bunkering for Ulsan port is carried out to analgize the possibility of commercialization of floating LNG bunkering terminal. Environmental analysis for LNG bunkering and LNG bunkering trends of competitive ports in the world are considered to draw out the prospection of LNG bunkering demand in Ulsan. As a result, car carrie and oil carrier were expected to have more possibility in switching to LNG fuelled ship. The LNG bunkering demand in Ulsan. As a result, car carrier and oil carrier were expected to have more possibility in switching to LNG fuelled ship. The LNG bunkering demand in Ulsan port was expected to be about from 650,000 ton to 900,000 ton in 2030 and Ulsan port is prospected to be a good port for FLBT business in th future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2007.12a
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• pp.319-321
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• 2007

엘엔지운반선(LNGC)의 대형화에 따른 잇단 대형선의 건조과정을 살펴보고 향후의 발전과정을 살펴보도록 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2008

This study was performed for merge characteristic of Hybrid Rocket with multi-port. PE(Poly Ethylene) is fuel with 4 and 5 port grain and GOX(Gas Oxygen) is oxidizer. This study according to number of ports The multi-port grain merge with other grains during a combustion, then Hybrid Rocket performance is changed by change of a combustion area.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.697-704
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• 2007

Recently, a variable valve timing system has been widely adopted in internal combustion engine in order to improve the fuel economy and torque at low engine speed. In addition, it is known that varying valve timing according to the various engine operations could reduce exhaust gas, especially NOx, because of residual gas by valve overlap. In this study, to improve the low exhaust gas and fuel economy at part load condition, the residual gas and back flow of exhaust gas due to valve overlap were calculated computationally. Moreover, the characteristics of engine performances and NOx formations were investigated with the experiment of combination of intake and exhaust valve timing condition. Under these various valve operating conditions, the effects of both the positive valve overlap and negative valve overlap(valve underlap) were examined simultaneously. Finally, the characteristics of cyclic THC emission were analyzed by using Fast Response FID(FR-FID) in the cylinder, intake port and exhaust port positions. Besides, the effect of the different gradients of the valve timing change on engine performance was investigated and an optimum control strategy was suggested.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.133-150
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• 2015

This study estimates greenhouse and noxious gas emissions caused by cargo-handling equipment at the Port of Incheon in 2013 by applying the NONROAD Model (U.S. EPA). The port emitted 838.4 tons of NOx and 82,747 tons of CO2. The estimates are 2.4 times higher for NOx and 1.3 times higher for CO2 than those of the Port of Los Angeles. Emissions from general cargo-handling equipment are five times more than those from container cargo-handling equipment. Among the three ports comprising the Port of Incheon, the emissions at the North Port, which handles raw materials for industry are relatively higher than those at the other ports. Compared to the study conducted by Chang et al. (2013, 2014), this study finds that CO2 and NOx emissions per cargo-handling equipment are 10 times higher than the corresponding amounts per ship.