• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.971-978
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• 2007

A spray-wall impingement process of a hollow-cone fuel spray from the high-pressure swirl injector in the Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine were experimented and calculated at various wall geometries. The Linearized Instability Sheet Atomization (LISA) & the Aerodynamically Progressed Taylor Analogy Breakup (APTAB) model and the Gosman model were applied to model the breakup and the wall impingement process of the hollow-cone fuel spray. The numerical modelings were implemented in the modified KIVA code. The calculation results of spray characteristics, such as a spray development process and a radial distance after wall impingement, compared with the experimental results by the Laser Induced Exciplex Fluorescence (LIEF) technique. The droplet size distribution and the ambient gas velocity field, which are generally difficult to obtain by the experimental methods, were also calculated and discussed. It was found that the radial distance after wall impingement and Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) decreased with increasing a cavity angle.

• Carbon letters
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• v.27
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Surfactant-wrapped separation methods of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can result in large changes in intrinsic physical and chemical properties due to electronic interactions between a nanotube and a surfactant. Our approach to synthesize SWCNTs with an electronic feature relied on utilizing carbon nanorings, [n] cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs), which are the fundamental unit of armchair type SWCNTs (a-SWCNTs) that possess a metallic feature without any surfactants. To obtain long tubular structures from [n]CPPs, the host-guest complexes formed with well-aligned [n]CPP hosts and various fullerene guests on a silicon substrate were pyrolyzed under an ethanol gas flow at a high temperature with focused-ultraviolet laser irradiation. The pyrolyzed [n]CPPs were observed to transform from nanorings to tubular structures with 1.5-1.7 nm diameters corresponding to the employed diameter of [n]CPPs. Our approach suggests that [n]CPPs are useful for structure-controlled synthesis of SWCNTs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

This paper described an experimental investigations of combustion instability mode in a lean premixed dual swirl combustor for micro-gasturbine system. When such the instability occurs, a strong coupling between pressure oscillations and unsteady heat release excites a self-sustained acoustic wave which results in a loud, annoyed sound and may also lead a structural damage to the combustion chamber. The detailed period of flame behavior and heat release in combustion instability mode have been examined with high speed OH and CH-PLIF system and $CH^*$ chemiluminescence measurement, flame tomography with operated at 10 kHz and 6 kHz each. Experiment results suggest that unstable flame behavior has a specific frequency with 200 Hz and this frequency is accords with about 1/2 sub-harmonic of combustor resonance frequency, not fundamental frequency. This is very interesting phenomenon that have not reported yet from other previous works. Therefore, when a thermo-acoustic instability with Rayleigh criterion occurs, the fact that the period of heat release and flame behavior are different each other was proposed for the first time through this work.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.75-76
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• 2007

Poly-Si Schottky barrier Thin Film Transistor (SB-TFT) is manufactured with erbium silicided source/drain. High quality poly-Si film was obtained by crystallizing the amorphous Si film with Excimer laser annealing (ELA) method. The fabricated poly-Si SB-TFT devices showed low leakage current and large on/off current ratio. Moreover, the electrical characteristics were considerably improved by 3% $H_2/N_2$ gas annealing, which is attributed to the reduction of trap states at the grain boundaries and interface trap states at gate oxide/poly-si channel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.318-324
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• 2007

We report on a strong violet luminescence emitted from the ZnO:Al films grown on glass substrate by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The growth of high-quality thin films and their optical properties are controlled by adjusting the mixture ratio of Ar and $O_2$, which is used as the sputtering gas. The crystallinity of the films is improved as the oxygen flow ratio is decreased, as evidenced in both x-ray diffractometer and atomic force microscope measurements. As for the violet luminescence measured by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, the peak energy and intensity of the PL signal are decreased with increasing the oxygen flow ratio. The peak energy of the violet PL spectrum for the thin film with an oxygen flow ratio of 50 % is almost constant, regardless of the increase of laser Power and temperature. These results indicate that the violet PL signal is probably due to defects related to interstitial Zn atoms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.274-277
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• 2004

Fuel/air mixing in air turbo ramjet(ATR) combustor is a significant parameter of combustion stability and efficiency. In this study, fuel distribution in the ATR model combustor was measured to compare the degree of mixing with respect to the velocity ratio$(r=v_a/v_f)$ between fuel gas and air. Planar laser-induced fluorescence(PLIF) and image processing method were used to obtain two dimensional fuel distribution. Fuel mixing went bad with approaching to r=1.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.781-789
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• 2008

The fluorescence ratio method for processing planar laser induced fluorescence(PLIF) data was generalized for quantitative imaging of the injectant mole-fraction in supersonic mixing flowfields. The original fluorescence ratio approach was introduced by Hartfield et al. for tests in a special closed-loop wind tunnel to eliminate the effects of thermodynamic property variations in compressible flowfields and to provide a quantitative means of mole-fraction measurement. However, they implicitly assumed that the tracer molecules were seeded at the same fraction in both main and secondary flows. In the present study, we proposed generalizing the Hartfield method by considering differences in the tracer seeding rates. We examined the generalized method in a mixing flowfield formed by sonic transverse injection into a Mach 1.8 supersonic air stream. The injectant molefraction distribution obtained from PLIF data processed by our new approach showed better agreement with the gas chromatograph than one based on the Hartfield method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2008

Spray characteristics for the simplex atomizer are investigated. The atomizer was tested with kerosene which is generally used as a fuel for gas turbine engines. But it is very difficult and dangerous to measure spray performance. So water is used as a working fluid for measuring the droplet information. In this study, spray visualization was performed by using ND-Yag Laser and droplet size was measured by using PDPA system by using two different working fluid such as water and test fluid # 2 which has similar characteristics of the kerosene. The test results show that SMD of water bigger than test fluid # 2 about 5$\sim$15 mm because surface tension of water is higher by a factor of 3. But the spray angles and the spray shapes have similarity

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.246-254
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• 2013

Some characteristics of nitrogen-water slug flow were optically measured, in vertical acrylic tubes of 2, 5 and 8 mm diameter. Bubble velocity, bubble and unit cell lengths were measured, by analyzing the light intensity signals from two sets of dot laser-infrared sensor modules mounted along the transparent tubes. Optical images of the bubbles were also taken and analyzed, to measure bubble shapes and liquid film thickness. It was found that the measured bubble velocities were in good agreement with the empirical models in the literature, except for those measured under high superficial velocity condition in the 2 mm tube. Bubble length was found to be the longest in the 2 mm tube, being 4 to 5 times those of the other tubes. Liquid film was found to have developed early in the 2 mm tube, which made the blunt shape of the bubble head. Liquid film thickness in the 8 mm tube was measured at almost twice those of the other tubes.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2009

The use of high-strength aluminum alloys is increasing in shipbuilding industry, particularly for the design and construction of war ships, littoral surface craft and combat ships, and fast passenger ships. While various welding methods are used today to fabricate aluminum ship structures, namely gas metallic arc welding (GMAW), laser welding and friction stir welding (FSW), FSW technology has been recognized to have many advantages for the construction of aluminum structures, as it is a low-cost welding process. In the present study, mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminum alloys are examined experimentally. Tensile testing is undertaken on dog-bone type test specimen for aluminum alloys 5083 and 5383. The test specimen includes friction stir welded material between identical alloys and also dissimilar alloys, as well as unwelded (base) alloys. Mechanical properties of fusion welded aluminum alloys are also tested and compared with those of friction stir welded alloys. The insights developed from the present study are documented together with details of the test database. Part of the present study was obtained from the Ship Structure Committee project SR-1454 (Paik, 2009), jointly funded by its member agencies.