• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.202-211
• /
• 2021

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) have been regulated by the Air Pollution Control Act (1978) and their atmospheric concentrations have been monitored in 39 monitor sites in Korea. However, measurement standards of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in HAPs at ambient levels have not been established in Korea. Primary reference gas mixtures (measurement standards) at ambient levels are required for accurately monitoring atmospheric VOCs in HAPs and managing their emissions. In this study, primary reference gas mixtures (PRMs) at 5 nmol/mol were developed in order to establish primary national standards of VOCs in HAPs at ambient levels. Primary reference gas mixtures (PRMs) were prepared in pressurized aluminum cylinders with special internal surface treatment using gravimetric method. Analytical methods using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) coupled with a cryogenic preconcentrator were also developed to verify the consistency of gravimetrically prepared HAP VOCs PRMs. Three different columns installed in the GC-FID were evaluated and compared for the retention times and separation of eighteen target components in a chromatogram. Results show that the HAP VOCs PRMs at 5 nmol/mol were consistent within a relative expanded uncertainty (k=2) of less than 3 % except acrylonitrile (less than 6 %) and the 18 VOCs were stable for 1 year within their associated uncertainties.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2002

Recently, our world is faced with very serious and hard problems related to the air pollution due to the exhaust emissions of the diesel engine. In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated fur direct injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenate blended fuel which has three kinds of mixed ratio. And, it was tried to analyze not only total hydrocarbon but individual hydrocarbon components from Cl to C6 in exhaust gas using gas chromatography to seek the reason far remarkable reduction of smoke emission. This study was carried out by comparing the chromatogram with diesel fuel and diesel feel blended DGM(diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) 5%. The results of this study show that individual hydrocarbon(C1∼C6) as well as total hydrocarbon of oxygenated fuel is reduced remarkably than that of diesel fuel.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.344-349
• /
• 1989

Eleven lignan compounds in fruits of Schisandra chinensis BAILLON were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The GC/MS conditions were as followed: the GC column used was SPB-1 fused silica capillary $(0.25mm\;id{\times}30m,Supelco)$ and the column oven temperature was programmed from $200^{\circ}C$ to $300^{\circ}C$ at the rate of $4^{\circ}C$ per minute; the MS ionization voltage was 70eV (EI mode). The compounds identified were gomisin J $(M^+;\;388)$, deoxyschizandrin$(M^+;\;416)$, gomisin N $(M^+;\;400)$, schizandrin$(M^+;\;432)$, wuweizisu C $(M^+;\;384)$, gomisin A $(M^+;\;416)$, angeloylgomisin H $(M^+;\;500)$, tigloylgomisin H $(M^+;\;500)$, angeloylgomisin Q $(M^+;\;530)$, gomisin B $(M^+;\;514)$ and benzoylgomisin H $(M^+;\;522)$, peaks of which were separated well on the GC chromatogram.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 1979

Free amino acid in ethanol extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed and determinated the contents five kind of new amino acid by means of amino acid autoanalyzer and gas liquid chromatography. The result obtained from this study are as follows. 1) Five kind of new amino acid turned out to be ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid, allo-isoleucine, ethanolamine, $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid and ornithine. 2) By means of amino acid autoanalyzer, the monoethanolamine was identified on the chromatogram ahead of alanine, ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid between peak of threonine and glycine, allo-isoeleucine between peak of valine and leucine, isoleucine, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid followed by proline between peak of leucine, isoleucine and methionine and ornithine between peak of phenylalanine and tyrosine 3) By means of Gas liquid chromatography, the ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid was identified on the chromatogram between peaks of alanine and valine, allo-isoleucine between peaks of methionine and isoleucine, monoethanolamine followed by ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid between peaks of phenylalanine and ammonia, ornithine between the peaks of ammonia and lysine. 4) Of five amino acids which were identified, ornithine was the highest of its content in the mushroom extracts, and allo-isoleucine, ethanolamine, and ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid came next in decreasing order. 5) Also which were identified, ornithine was the highest of its content in the hydrolysates, and ${\alpha}$-aminobutyric acid, ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid, allo-isoleucine came next in decreasing order, ethanol extracts and hydrolysates of Auriculariaauricula-Judae(Fr.) $Qu\acute{e}l$ species didn't contain any of five kind of new amino acid. Ornithine also was the highest in the hydrolysates of ll mushrooms.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.159-167
• /
• 1992

An improved and accurate method for the determination of linear alkybenzene sulfonate(LAS) in river water is described by using gas chromatography and GC/MS. The gas chromatograph equipped with BP-5 capillary column was satisfactory for isolation of the homologues and isomers of LAS in river water. Four LAS homologues, $C_{10}$, $C_{11}$, $C_{12}$, $C_{13}$ alkyl chains were determined in Jungrang stream, Jinwi stream and down stream of Han river tributary. Especially $5-C_{11}$, $6-C_{11}$, $2-C_{12}$ and $6-C_{13}$, $7-C_{13}$ of LAS were identified by mass chromatogram. Different composition of LAS in standard and river water expressed the distribution and fate of LAS in river water. The remarkable reduced content of $C_{12}$ and $C_{13}$ in river water implied that the biodegradation of LAS more easily occured in longer alkylchain one. This method would be applicable for determination of LAS in water with high resolution and sensitivity.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2006

The smoke emission of diesel engines is being recognized as one of the major source of the air pollution problems. This study investigates the potential of esterified rice bran oil to reduce smoke emission as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Because the esterified rice bran oil has approximately a 10.5% oxygen content, the combustion of the diesel engine improved and exhaust smoke decreased. Gas chromatography was used to analyze not only the total amount of hydrocarbon but also the amount of hydrocarbon components from $C_1$ to $C_6$ in the exhaust gas to determine an exact source responsible for the remarkable reduction in the smoke emission. The number of individual hydrocarbon($C_1{\sim}C_6$) as well as the total amount of hydrocarbon of esterified rice bran oil reduced significantly compared to that of hydrocarbon of diesel fuel.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.77-80
• /
• 1992

The essential oils of Elscholtzia ciliata and the cultivated tissue have been studied. The composition and contents of essential oils were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The main component of essential oils of E. ciliata was naginata ketone. The essential oils from the flowers, leaves and stems of E. ciliata showed similar patterns of gas chromatogram. In experimental studies on the tissue culture of callus, it has been found that NAA induced higher growth rate and higher content of essential oils than 2, 4-D. The essential oils from the cultivated callus showed different composition from that of mother plants.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2000

Recently, our world is faced with very serious and hard problems related to the air pollution due to the exhaust emissions of the diesel engine. So, lots of researchers have studied to reduce the exhaust emissions with various methods of diesel engine that influenced the environment strong. In this paper, the quantities of the low and high hydrocarbon among the exhaust emissions in diesel engine have been investigated by the quantitative analysis of the hydrocarbon $C_1{\sim}C_6$ using the gas chromatography. This study carried out by comparing the chromatogram with diesel fuel and three kinds of mixed fuels. One is the diesel fuel blended DGM(diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) 5%. Another is the diesel fuel blended DEE(diethyl ether) 25% and DMC(dimethyl carbonate) 10%. The results of this study show that the hydrocarbon $C_1{\sim}C_6$ among the exhaust emissions of the mixed fuels are exhausted lower than those of the diesel fuel at the all load and speed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.153-156
• /
• 1973

Five samples of triglyceride compositions of sesame oil and decuticled sesame oil have been determined by a gas chromatographic analysis. A similar distribution pattern of triglycerides was found in these five sesame oils. It was noted that $C_{50},\;C_{52}\;and\;C_{54}$ were the major components in these samples. The results showed that contents of $C_{50},\;C_{52}\;and\;C_{54}$ triglyceride types in five sesame oils were within $3.0{\sim}4.5%,\;23{\sim}28%\;and\;68{\sim}74%,$ respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.213-223
• /
• 1972

This paper chose the methods of methylesterification of the use of methoxide, the mixture solution of methanol-benzen-sulfuric acid in transesterification of the fat in cow's milk and modified powder milk and separated by gas liquid chromatography with F.F.A.P., D.E.G.A. as liquid phase. Quantitative analysis of the fatty acid of milk fat in cow's milk and modified powder milk was determined by gas liquid chromatography using the method of temperature programming which should be used to obtain satisfactory separation of short chain fatty acid on the chromatogram. It was found that the fatty acid composition of cow's milk and modified powder milk are all the major fatty acid of milk fat obtained by GLC analysis. Main components was found to be from butyric acid to arachidonic acid showing Fig. 3, 4, 5 and Table 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.