• Title/Summary/Keyword: gamma gamma

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Effects of $Interferon-{\gamma}$ in T cell subsets of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii ($Interferon-{\gamma}$ 투여에 의한 Toxoplasma 감염 T세포 아형 변화)

  • Lee, Yeong-Ha;Na, Yeong-Eon;Sin, Dae-Hwan
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.31-36
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    • 1993
  • This study was performed to evaluate differences of T cell subsets according to the injection period of recombinant mouse $interferon-{\gamma}{\;}(IFN-{\gamma}$ in acute Toxoplasma gondii infection. Each mouse was infected intraperitoneally with 100 cysts of Beverley strain T. gondii, and injuten with $5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^4$ units of $IFN-{\gamma}$ every other day two tares. The percentage of Thy-1, 2 cells and L3T4/Ly-2 cell ratio were significantly increased in the mice that received two doses of $IFN-{\gamma}$ on days 2 and 0 before infection, or days 0 and 2 after infection. The percentage of Ly-2 cells decreased in the $IFN-{\gamma}$ injected groups at th\ulcorner 3rd and 4th week after infection. The results suggest that administration of $IFN-{\gamma}$ to T gonnii-infected mice improves the changed population of T cell subsets to a normal state, especially when $IFN-{\gamma}$ was infected just after the infection.

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Genetic Variation Analysis of Early-heading Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Derived from Gamma-ray Irradiation (방사선조사 유래의 조기출수 식물(Oryza sativa L.) 계통의 유전적 변이 분석)

  • Ryu, Jai-Hyunk;So, Hyun-Su;Lyu, Jae-Il;Kwon, Oh-Do;Lee, Young-Il;Jin, Il-Doo;Lee, Hyo-Yeon;Bae, Chang-Hyu
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.142-151
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to evaluate genetic variation of early-heading rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin 1) lines derived from gamma-ray ($^{60}Co$, 300 Gy) irradiation. The average heading date of the 5 early-heading lines in $M_7$ and $M_8$ generation was faster than that of untreated control as 11 (line ${\gamma}$-2), 10 (line ${\gamma}$-5), 6 (${\gamma}$-1 line), 5 (${\gamma}$-3) and 4 days (line ${\gamma}$-4), respectively. According to ISSR analysis, polymorphic rate of the early-heading lines (from 5.9% to 23.4%) was higher than that of control (4.3%). The result indicates that the gamma-ray promote variation at DNA level. When genetic variations of rps16-trnK region were evaluated by nucleotide analysis, nucleotide length of the rps16-trnK region was 664 bp in all the early-heading lines and control. Out of 5 sites of nucleotide transposition detected in the region, however, 2 sites were appeared only in the early-heading lines.

Study on the analysis of disproportionate data and hypothesis testing (불균형 자료 분석과 가설 검정에 관한 연구)

  • 장석환;송규문;김장한
    • The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.243-254
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    • 1992
  • In the present study two sets of unbalanced two-way cross-classification data with and without empty cell(s) were used to evaluate empirically the various sums of squares in the analysis of variance table. Searle(1977) and Searle et.al.(1981) developed a method of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$) and R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) by the use of partitioned matrix of X'X for the model of no interaction, interchanging the columns of X in order of $\alpha, \mu, \beta$ and accordingly the elements in b. An alternative way of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$), R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) and R($\gamma$\mid$\mu, \alpha, \beta$) without interchanging the columns of X has been found by means of,$(X'X)^-$ derived, using $W_2 = Z_2Z_2-Z_2Z_1(Z_1Z_1)^-Z_1Z_2$. It is true that $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)\Sigma = SSA_W and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)\Sigma = SSB_W$ where $SSA_W$ and means analysis and $R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta) = R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)\Sigma$ for the data without empty cell, but not for the data with empty cell(s). It is also noticed that for the datd with empty cells under W - restrictions $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\alpha$\mid$\mu) and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\beta$\mid$\mu) but R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W \neq R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$. The hypotheses $H_o : K' b = 0$ commonly tested were examined in the relation with the corresponding sums of squares for $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu), R(\beta$\mid$\mu), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma), and R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$ under the restrictions.

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FUZZY ALMOST ${\gamma}$-CONTINUOUS MAPS

  • Lee, Seok-Jong;Lee, Eun-Pyo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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    • 1998.06a
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    • pp.364-369
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    • 1998
  • In this paper, we introduce the notions of fuzzy ${\gamma}$-regular open sets and fuzzy almost ${\gamma}$-continuous maps, and investigate some of their basic properties.

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FUZZY STRONGLY ${\gamma}$-SEMICONTINUOUS MAPS

  • Lee, Eun-Pyo;Lee, Seok-Jong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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    • 1998.06a
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    • pp.370-375
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    • 1998
  • We introduce the concepts of fuzzy strongly ${\gamma}$-semiopen sets and fuzzy strongly ${\gamma}$-semicontinuous maps, and investigate some of their basic properties.

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CHARACTERIZATIONS OF SOME CLASSES OF $\Gamma$-SEMIGROUPS

  • Kwon, Young-In
    • East Asian mathematical journal
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.393-397
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    • 1998
  • The author obtains ideal-theoretical characterizations of the following two classes of $\Gamma$-semigroups; (1) regular $\Gamma$-semigroups; (2) $\Gamma$-semigroups that are both regular and intra-regular.

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Effect of Low Dose ${\gamma}$ Radiation on the Dormancy and Growth of in vitro Microtuvers of Potato(Solanum Tuberosum L.) (저선량 ${\gamma}$선이 기냐 생산된 감자 소괴경의 휴면과 생에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Dong-Hee;Back, Myung-Hwa;Jeon, Jae-Heung;Kim, Jae-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.270-277
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    • 2001
  • To observe the stimulating effect of low dose ${\gamma}$ radiation on the dormancy breaking and growth, microtubers induced in vitro of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima and cv. Superior) cultivars with different storage duration were irradiated with ${\gamma}$ radiation at the dose of $0.5{\sim}30$ Gy. Sprouting rate, growth and tuber yield of ‘Dejima’ microtuber were increased by ${\gamma}$ radiation in the range of $2{\sim}16$ Gy. In the microtuber of ‘Superior’, the sprouting rate was promoted by 2 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation, and the growth and tuber yield by 0.5 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation. There were not that much difference in chlorophyll content of potato plantlet by the low dose ${\gamma}$ irradiation. These results suggested that low dose ${\gamma}$ radiation stimulated the dormancy breaking and potato growth.

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Preparation of $\gamma$-FeOOH Used for Magnetic Recording Media (자기 기록용 $\gamma$-FeOOH 제조)

  • Byeon, T.B.;Lee, J.Y.;Kim, D.Y.;Shon, J.G.;Kwon, S.J.
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.119-129
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    • 1991
  • $\gamma$-FeOOH suitable for magnetic recording media was synthesized using waste acid which is the by-product of the iron works factory. Effects of concentration of the acid and alkali and reaction temperature on the particle properties of $\gamma$-FeOOH and magnetic properties of $\gamma$-$Fe_2O_3$ were studied. $\gamma$-FeOOH single phase was formed below 1M of acid concentration with 1M of alkali concentration and at 0.4M of acid concentration with 4M of alkali concentration. While the width of acicular particle was increased, the length of acicular particle was decreased with diluting acid concentration. The magnetic properties of the $\gamma$-$Fe_2O_3$ improved with increasing acid concentration. $\gamma$-FeOOH single phase was formed in the temperature range of 30 to $80^{\circ}C$. The length of the particle was decreased with increasing temperature. $\gamma$-Fe2O3 produced from dehydration of $\gamma$-FeOOH showed bad magnetic properties due to the presence of many pores in the particle. But with successive reduction and oxidation of $\gamma$-$Fe_2O_3$ produced from dehydration of $\gamma$-FeOOH, $\gamma$-$Fe_2O_3$ showed good magnetic properties.

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