• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.562-568
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• 2006

GABA $(\gamma-aminobutyric\;acid)$ is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. For the efficient production of GAB A, a semi continuous cell entrapment system using Lactobacillus brevis GABA 057 was optimized, including the substrate concentration, bead-stabilizing additives, and reaction conditions. The converted monosodium glutamate (MSG), which was added as a substrate for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), increased from 2% (w/v) to 12% (w/v). The addition of isomaltooligosaccharide to the alginate beads also increased the stability of the entrapped L. brevis and GABA productivity. Consequently, when optimal conditions were applied, up to 223 mM GABA could be produced from 534 mM MSG after 48 h of reaction by using alginate-beadencapsulated L. brevis GABA 057.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.652-657
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• 2015

다량의 ${\gamma}$-aminobutric acid (GABA)를 함유한 뽕잎차를 제조하기 위해 뽕잎을 채취하여 진공 및 질소가스 치환의 방법으로 12시간 무산소 처리를 하였다. 이후 차를 제조하고 GABA 및 그밖의 주요 성분의 함량 변화를 측정한 결과 뽕잎에 질소 가스 치환처리 및 진공처리를 한 실험군 모두 GABA의 함량이 현저하게 증가하였고(436-472%) 글루탐산은 감소하였다. 일반성분 및 수용성고형물은 거의 변화가 없었으며, 유리당, 카테킨 및 총페놀 함량이 다소 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 뽕잎을 무산소 처리하는 두가지의 방법 즉 질소 가스 치환처리와 진공처리를 비교했을 때 GABA와 주요성분의 함량은 거의 차이가 없었다. 관능평가에서 무처리군과 질소가스, 진공처리군 간에 차이가 없어 무산소 처리를 해도 기호성이 저하되지 않았다. 채잎후 무산소 가공 처리를 하고 뽕잎차를 제조하는 것은 관능적인 품질을 유지하면서도 뽕잎차의 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방법이라 판단된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2002

GABA가 고함유된 발아현미를 생산할 수 있는 전략을 마련하고자 현미발아시 통상적인 물발아구 외에 젖산발아구, glutamic acid발아구로 나누어 발아 이전의 현미와 GABA 및 일부 유리아미노산 함량을 비교분석하였다. 5 mM glutamic acid 용액을 발아에 사용한 경우 가장 높은 GABA 함량 증진을 보여 시료 g당 및 시료 추출물 중의 단백질 mg당 증가정도가 발아하지 않은 현미에 비해 각각 8배와 12배로 나타났다. 또한 glutamic acid 발아구는 물발아나 젖산발아시 현저히 감소되던 serine의 함량을 오히려 증진시켰다. 모든 발아구에서 GABA 및 alanine 함량이 증진된 것과 는 반대로 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid 함량은 현저히 감소 하였다. 이는 발아 과정에 의해 glutamic acid는 GABA로 aspartic acid는 alanine으로 전환된 것에 기인된 것이라 여겨진다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 현미발아시 glutamic acid액을 사용하면 기능성 물질인 GABA 함량을 현저히 증진시키며, serine의 감소를 막을 수 있어 기능성이 보강된 발아현미를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.763-766
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• 2010

An efficient and simple fermentation process was developed for the production of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by Lactobacillus sakei B2-16. When the L. sakei B2-16 was cultivated in the rice bran extracts medium containing 4% sucrose, 1% yeast extract, and 12% monosodium glutamate, the maximum GABA concentration reached 660.0 mM with 100% conversion yield, showing the 2.4- fold higher GABA concentration compared with the modified MRS medium without the rice bran extracts. The GABA production was scaled-up from a laboratory scale (5 l) to a pilot (300 l) and a plant (5,000 l) scale to investigate the application possibility of GABA production to industrial fields. The production yields at the pilot and plant scales were similar to the laboratory scale using rice bran extracts medium, which could be effective for the low-cost production of GABA.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1664-1669
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• 2017

Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a precursor of nylon-4, which is a promising heat-resistant biopolymer. GABA can be produced from the decarboxylation of glutamate by glutamate decarboxylase. In this study, a synthetic scaffold complex strategy was employed involving the Neurospora crassa glutamate decarboxylase (GadB) and Escherichia coli GABA antiporter (GadC) to improve GABA production. To construct the complex, the SH3 domain was attached to the N. crassa GadB, and the SH3 ligand was attached to the N-terminus, middle, and C-terminus of E. coli GadC. In the C-terminus model, 5.8 g/l of GABA concentration was obtained from 10 g/l glutamate. When a competing pathway engineered strain was used, the final GABA concentration was further increased to 5.94 g/l, which corresponds to 97.5% of GABA yield. With the introduction of the scaffold complex, the GABA productivity increased by 2.9 folds during the initial culture period.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2023

Objective: Stress factors such as high temperatures, overcrowding, and diurnal temperature range exert profound negative effects on weight gain and productivity of broiler chickens. The potential of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) as an excitatory neurotransmitter was evaluated under various stress conditions in this study. Methods: The experiment was conducted under four different environmental conditions: normal, high temperature, overcrowded, and in an overcrowded-diurnal temperature range. The experimental groups were divided into (-) control group without stress, (+) control group with stress, and G50 group (GABA 50 mg/kg) with stress. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were measured, and stress reduction was evaluated through hematologic analysis. Results: The effects of GABA on broilers in four experimental treatments were evaluated. GABA treated responded to environmental stress and improved productivity in all the experimental treatments. The magnitude of stress observed was highest at high temperature, followed by the overcrowded environment, and was least for the overcrowded-diurnal temperature range. Conclusion: Various stress factors in livestock rearing environment can reduce productivity and increase disease incidence and mortality rate. To address these challenges, GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, was shown to reduce stress caused due to various environmental conditions and improve productivity.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid(GABA) is a four carbon non-protein amino acid that has several well-known physiological functions, such as a postsynaptic inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and induction of hypotensive and tranquilizer effects. A lactic acid bacterium was isolated from button mushroom bed, which is showing high GABA productivity by TLC or HPLC analysis. The strain was identified as Lactobacillus hilgardii by analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequence. When the maximum production of GABA by L. hilgardii was investigated with various concentration of monosodium glutamate, the yield of GABA reached to be 53.65 mM at 1% mono sodium glutamate (MSG) in flask cultivation. A Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) enzyme, which was known to convert MSG to GABA, was purified from a cell-free extract of L. hilgardii and the molecular weights of purified GAD was estimated to 60,000 by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature of GAD were at pH4.6 and at $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. The GAD activity was increased by the addition of sulfate ions such as ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, indicating that the increase of hydrophobic interaction causes the increase of GAD activity.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2019

A study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal score in growing pigs. Ninety Duroc ${\times}$ (Landrace ${\times}$ Large Yorkshire) growing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of $25.51{\pm}1.63kg$ were randomly allotted to three treatment groups with 6 replications of 5 pigs per replicate pen for each treatment in a 6-week trial period. The treatments were as follows: 1) basal diet (CON); 2) basal diet with 0.05% GABA and 3) basal diet with 1% of a 10% HCl solution. The results showed that GABA supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) compared with the control during week 4 and the overall experiment period (0 to 6 weeks). However, HCl supplementation had a numerical increase in the ADG compared with the control. The total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) was greater in GABA group than the CON (p < 0.05). The supplementation of GABA and HCl in the diet of growing pigs had no significant effect on the fecal scores compared with the CON. Experimental results show that supplementation of 0.05% GABA in the diet of growing pigs had a positive effect on the ADG and DM digestibility in growing pigs.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2017

느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus)'흑타리'의 기본배지 조성에 농산물 부산물 유래 첨가용 배지를 추가하였을 경우 기억력 증진물질 중인 하나인 GABA(Gamma-amino butyric acid)함량을 증가시킬 수 있는 배지재료와 첨가수준을 구명한 결과는 다음과 같다. '흑타리'는 5% 녹차가루 처리에서 발이율과 수량이 현저히 떨어졌고, 다시마가루는 첨가된 전체 처리구에서 생육이 불량하였으며, 10% 녹차박과 오미자박 처리구에서는 생육이 가장 양호하였으나 녹차박 처리구보다는 오미자박 처리구에서 기능성물질 함량이 더 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 첨가 수준에 따른 자실체의 GABA 함량은 무처리 대비 녹차가루는 2%, 녹차박은 10%, 다시마가루는 1% 정도 증가되었으나, 오미자박은 5%, 10%, 15%, 미강은 1%처리구에서 1.2~2.1배 수준까지 증가되는 양상을 보였다. 결론적으로, 느타리버섯 '흑타리'의 발이율과 생육 뿐만 아니라 GABA 함량 증가를 고려한 적합 첨가 배지로는 오미자박과 미강처리시 가장 양호했으며, 자실체 GABA 함량은 오미자박 10% 처리구에서 2.1배, 미강 1% 처리구에서 12%정도가 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2006

본 연구는 가지의 수출 경쟁력을 높이기 위한 방안으로 수출용 가지인 축양과 시키부 품종을 염가공품으로 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 가지에 미강과 소금을 혼합하여 $4^{\circ}\C$에서 7일간 염절임하고, 염절임 중 가지의 색도, 유기산, 아미노산 및 무기질 함량의 변화를 조사하였다. 염절임이 진행될수록 가지의 L값과 b값은 감소하였으며, a값은 증가하였다. Acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid 그리고 succinic acid가 분리정량 되었으며, 이 중 acetic acid와 malic acid가 대부분을 차지하였다. 염절임이 진행될수록 acetic acid와 malic acid의 함량은 감소하였으며, citric acid와 succinic acid의 함량은 증가하였다. 주요한 구성아미노산은 alanine, glycine, valine, leucine이었으며, 염절임이 진행될수록 축양 품종의 총 아미노산 함량은 감소하였고, 시키부품종의 총 아미노산 함량 변화는 없었다. 주요한 유리아미노산은 aspartic acid, valine, leucine, lysine, arginine이었으며, 염절임이 진행되는 동안 유리아미노산의 함량은 증가하였다. 주요한 유리아미노산 유도체는 $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid 이었으며, 염절임이 진행될수록 $\alpha$-aminoadipic acid와 $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid의 함량이 증가하였다. 가지에 함유된 무기질 중 칼륨과 나트륨의 함량이 가장 많았으며, 염절임이 진행될수록 나트륨, 마그네슘 및 칼슘의 함량이 크게 증가하였다.